Rwanda Land Use and Development Master Plan

RW2-4-7
Final Draft
RWANDA LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN
INVENTORY OF LAND TENURE CATEGORIES

IN RWANDA
October 2009
Draft Report on the Inventory of Land Tenure Categories
Table of Contents
Summary ......................................................................................................................... 4
1 Situation Today........................................................................................................... 6
1.1 State Land ............................................................................................................. 9
1.2 District, Town and Municipality Land ............................................................... 9
1.3 Individual Ownership......................................................................................... 10
2 Findings ..................................................................................................................... 12
3 Way Forward ............................................................................................................ 17
4 Appendix.................................................................................................................... 20
2
Abbreviations and Acronyms
DDP District Development Plans

EDPRS Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
GIS Geographical Information Systems
GOR Government of Rwanda
GPS Global Positioning Systems
IMCE Integrated Management of Critical Ecosystems
LTR Land Tenure Regularization
MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture
MINALOC Ministry of Local Government
MININFRA Ministry of Infrastructure
MINIRENA Ministry of Natural Resources
NAFA National Forestry Authority
NISR National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda
NLC National Land Centre
NLP National Land Policy
NLTRP National Land Tenure Reform Programme
OLL Organic Land Law
PAFD Plan d’Aménagement Forestier de District
PAFOR Projet d’Appui A l’Aménagement Forestier Au Rwanda
REMA Rwanda Environment Management Authority
SRM Strategic Road Map
3
Summary
This inventory of different land tenure categories provides essential data and
information to support management and decision making processes. It also contains
feedback on management actions, and implementation of policies and frameworks to
ensure that they deliver the information necessary for the decision makers. Attention has
been focused on different land tenure categories with emphasis on state, district and
individual properties by defining their location and size.
To operationalise the objectives and provisions of the National Land Policy (NLP) and
Organic Land Law (OLL), the Government of Rwanda decided to develop a National
Land Use and Development Master Plan to guide the use and management of land in
Rwanda towards efficient, effective and equitable use of the country’s natural resources.
In executing it, Swedesurvey, is to carry out an inventory of different land tenure
categories in Rwanda as provided for in the Organic Land Law.
The objectives of the Land Use And Development Master Plan in general are to
provide indications on realistic possibilities of land development, and to constitute
useful tools for decision making for procedures and local administrators in the aim of
adopting land use in their real aptitudes or potentials and plans for infrastructures and
equipments to set up and develop in order to facilitate sustainable exploitation of land
resources. The overall objective of the Plan is to bring a spatial dimension to the
selection of strategic options in agricultural development, food security and land
tenure security to enable potentials to be mapped, regional disparities to be seen and
to guide development strategies at National and District level (TOR SDUTA).
Within efforts of this inventory as requested by its terms of reference, consultations with
corresponding line institutions such as the National Land Center (NLC), National
Forestry Authority (NAFA), Projet d’Appui Forestier au Rwanda (PAFOR), Ministry
of Agriculture (MINAGRI), Ministry of infrastructure (MININFRA) and the District
Authorities were carried out and different data banks pertaining to the inventory were
visited. Specific reference was put on wetlands, lakes and rivers and forests, as well as
both public and private ownerships. Secondary data was collected through consultation
and analysis of specific documents such as the Organic Land Law, the Land
Registration Order, the National Land Tenure Program and the District Development
Plans. A field survey was conducted to carry out interviews with the District Land
Officers, Agricultural Officers and officers in charge of Environment and Natural
Resources whose responsibility fall under land use and management.
The inventory of land tenure categories covered the whole country, 30 districts and
relevant government agencies, looking at state, district, and individual land, the
general conclusion is that the state land public and private domain, such as wetlands,
forests, public buildings is not recorded in any registry, whereas about 7, 500 parcels
are registered under individual tenure. This may be compared to the 7.9 million
parcels needed to be registered country wide in the Land Tenure Regularisation
(LTR).
4
Box 1- Terms of Reference for this Assignment.

3rd phase: inventory of different land tenure categories
The organic law defines different land tenure categories in its articles 9-18.
Which are:
1. State land (public and private)
2. District, Town and Municipality land(public and private) and City of Kigali
land
3. Individual land
An inventory and maps of these land tenure categories shall be created.
These categories of lands shall be inventoried, measured and put on a map to allow
decision makers to make good planning of relevant land resources.
Field consultations on land tenure in urban and rural settings reveal that land tenure
reforms as envisaged under the OLL would guarantee land rights for vulnerable groups
especially women. It will also facilitate buying and selling of land, which will create an
active market economy for all land transactions, which is a key objective of the OLL, to
make it easier to record land sales in a way that transfers land rights securely.
The findings of the inventory of land tenure categories on public and private state land
indicates that land tenure categories are virtually known by location, size and usage, but
there is no registry or authentic document that show security of tenure for state and
district land apart from a few individual or private land entities that hold title deeds.
Land tenure categories in terms of percentile are, therefore, impossible to establish at
present due to lack of records regarding registration of land parcels under the three
tenure categories.
Plans have been prepared and funds have been allocated to the Land Tenure
Regularisation programme (LTR) so that all the individual parcels will be properly
registered by 2013.
5
1 Situation Today
Secure land tenure and property rights are fundamental to shelter and livelihoods, and a
cornerstone for the realisation of human rights and for poverty reduction. Secure land
rights are particularly important in helping reverse gender discrimination, social
exclusion of vulnerable groups, and wider social and economic inequalities linked to
inequitable and insecure access to land.
It is now well-recognised that secure land and property rights for all are essential to
reducing poverty, because they underpin economic development and social inclusion.
Secure land tenure and property rights enable people in rural and urban areas to invest
in improved homes and livelihoods. They also help to promote good environmental
management, improve food security, and assist directly in the realization of human
rights, including the elimination of discrimination against women, the vulnerable,
indigenous groups and other minorities (UN-HABITAT-Secure land tenure.)
In line with Rwanda’s long-term development Vision 2020 and Economic

Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS), important institutional
reforms in the land sector aimed at fostering desirable spatial development across the
country are underway. Amongst the key outputs of the reform process so far are the
National Land Policy and the Organic Land Law (OLL) determining the use and
management of land in the Rwanda. The government is enjoined to put in place a land
use and development master plan to guide the use and management of land across
Rwanda. The master plan should ultimately lead to more efficient, effective and
equitable use of the country’s natural resources. It was in a bid to effect this
requirement that the Ministry of Natural Resources (MINIRENA) under NLC
constituted a team to develop the terms of references for the national land use and
development master plan.
Box 1.2 – Definition of land tenure
Land tenure is defined as the terms and conditions on which land is held, used and
transacted.
Rules of tenure define how property rights to land are to be allocated within societies.
They define how access is granted the rights to use, control, and transfer of land, as
well as associated responsibilities and restraints. In simple terms, land tenure systems
determine who can use what resources for how long, and under what conditions.
(FAO website).
6
Until the enactment of the Organic Land Law in 2005, land rights in Rwanda were
effectively divided between the majority who held land under a customary or informal
rights and a minority who had titles issued under the civil code introduced by the
colonial era. With the OLL, the Governments priority objective is to eliminate this
division so that all Rwandans hold their land under one unified legal and administrative
tenure system defined by the OLL and its associated orders and laws. This presents a
radical and significant reform in land administration, land tenure and development in
Rwanda, especially property rights under written law extending to all lands in Rwanda
including customary land.
Under the civil code, Rwanda had a dual system of land tenure in which the majority of
land was governed by the customary law. Some land, mostly urban land, was held under
the written law by individuals and corporations either as tenants or long term leases or
title deeds, under this management only a minority held legal documented titles to land.
Box 1.3 - History of Land Registration in Rwanda; a case of Kigali City
After the OLL was enacted in 2005, there followed an administrative reform in Rwanda,
where for the case of Kigali City districts were reduced from eight to three, and prior to that
land registration and titling was under the mandate of the Mayor of Kigali City, when the
organic law came into force, the mandate of the registry of land titles was given to the
National Land Centre. With all these happening, considerable data regarding the existing
registry records were misplaced, mismanaged and to a large extent damaged and lost. This
situation, therefore, made it difficult to know the category of tenure that were registered at
each level. The poor custodianship of land registration and titling in Rwanda before the
organic land law has to a great extent lead to lack of information regarding to different land
tenure categories. For example, the individual land tenure is the most dominant category in
Rwanda, but the figures got from the registry at the National Land Centre are very few
compared to the existing situation.
In Rwanda, land is a resource of inestimable value. It occupies a first-rate place in the

national economy since farming employs more than 90% of the working population and
contributes about 93% of exports. However, out of a surface area of 26,338 km2, 52%
only is usable, representing approximately 1,385,000 hectares. Marshes suitable for
agriculture would add to this about 165,000 hectares. Land is, therefore, a limited hence
coveted resource. National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda- Rwanda Development
Indicators 2006.
The Ministry of Natural Resources has developed a ‘Strategic Road Map’ (SRM) for the
National Land Tenure Regularization Programme, with 7.9 million parcels to be
registered, demarcated and adjudicated.
This has been regarded so far as the largest land tenure regularization project in
Rwanda. The programme has been planned to be executed in two phases from 2007 to
2011.
7
The table below shows the programme plans for LTR and land tenure registration,
which will provide concrete data to map land tenure categories in Rwanda.
Table 1: Land Tenure Regularisation Programme (2008-2011)
Phase Phase II
I
Actual N0 Ave. N0 of
of parcels N0 of cells Cells completed Total cells
Province
parcel completed
s per
cell 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
East 1,077,835 2,286 502 1 0 250 251 502

North 1,944,495 4,967 413 1 0 206 206 413
West 2,561,415 4,895 538 1 0 268 269 538
South 2,054,342 4,016 532 0 0 266 266 532
Kigali 329,020 2,353 161 1 0 80 80 161
National 7,967,106 3,703 2,146 4 0 1,070 1,072 2,146
Source MINIRENA 2008
Considering the current progress of phase II of the land tenure regularization
programme, it might be doubtful to achieve full regularization by 2011.
8
The Organic Land Law stipulates in its articles 9-18 three categorizes of land ownership
in Rwanda: State Land, District Land and Individual Land.
Table 1.2: Land Tenure Categories in Rwanda
State land District land Individual land

Public Private Public Private
1.1 State Land

Public state owned land. State land, which makes up the public domain consists of all
the land meant to be used by the public or land reserved for organs of state services as
well as national land reserved for environmental protection. This is to say:
• Land containing lakes and rivers, shores of lakes and rivers up to the length
determined by an order of the Minister having environment in his or her;
• Land occupied by springs and wells;
• National land reserved for environmental conservation composed of natural
forests, national parks, reserved swamps, public gardens and tourist sites;
• State roads and their boundaries; and,
• Land and buildings the administration reserved for public activities or the land
used by public administration organs- OLL 2005.
Private State owned land: Private state land consists all the land that is not included in
state land reserved for public activities infrastructures and land that does not belong to
district, City of Kigali, towns and municipalities or individuals. The following is
included in private state land:
• Vacant land, which includes land that has no owner and the land that was
retaken by the state in respect to confiscation mentioned in article 75 of the
organic law;
• State land previously occupied by public activities but which was excluded in
that category according to law,
• Land purchased by the state, obtained through donation or land acquired
through expropriation due to public use; and,
• Swamps that may be productive in terms of agriculture and land occupied by
state owned forests.
The Minister having Land in his or her attributions may delegate powers to the
authorities of the district, town or municipality or City of Kigali to manage that land
(OLL 2005).
1.2 Local Government Land (District, Town and Municipality

Land)
District, Town and Municipality Land consist of the land meant for the public domain
of the district and town or municipality and their private owned land.
The state may donate land to any district, town or municipality either reserved for
public domain or as its own private land. A district, town or municipality may also
9
receive land by purchasing it or by donation from individuals or associations, and the

land shall be district, town or municipality owned for public domain or private owned
land for district, town or municipality.
The District, Town or Municipality and the City of Kigali land that compose the
public domain; District, Town or Municipality and the City of Kigali land which make
up the public domain consists of the following: [District, town or municipality land
reserved for public activities land on which structures of district, town or municipality
services and activities are carried out, District, town or municipality feeder roads and
their edges and land for collective settlements.]
The Private District, Town or Municipality and the City of Kigali land; District,
Town or Municipality and the City of Kigali land not reserved to be used for public
activities or structures of District, Town or Municipality and the City of Kigali services
shall be considered as private District, town or municipality and the City of Kigali
owned land (OLL 2005).
The Organic Land Law, in its section four, articles 16-17 spells out District, Town and
Municipality land. Towns and Municipalities in Rwanda do not have any authority or
influence on land management and administration, but the District authorities under the
District Land Office and the District Land Commissions have the mandate and are the
custodians of land management and administration in Rwanda. Therefore, the present
inventory suggests a simplified nomenclature in this respect as indicated in table 1.2.
1.3 Individual Ownership

Individual land is composed of the land acquired through custom, written law that
excludes individual public land or private district, town, municipality and the City of
Kigali land, the one acquired from competent authorities, purchased land, gift, and
exchange and sharing (OLL 2005).
10
Table 1.3: Land Use Classes and their predominant Tenure Categories
Land Use Classes Predominant Tenure Category

Protected land; National park Exclusively State land
Protected land ;Forestry Predominantly State land
Wetlands Exclusively State land
Water bodies Exclusively State land
Agriculture Individual land
Urban areas (industry, commerce & services) Individual land
It should be noted that the majority of individual land is held on long term lease. The
change of use and development control will be based on the conditions of the leases
issued.
11
2 Findings
Consultations with government agencies and district authorities indicate that state and
district land tenure is known by its location and by its approximate area coverage.
However, there are no records or archives that indicate the tenure categories of these
properties found in any registry where similar data could be found. Swamps and forests
are the dominant state property with open land which is occupied by individuals.
State and district land tenure is covered by forests, marshland/swamps, rivers, lakes and
plain land, which is settled on by a population who acquired it through illegal means
mainly because there were no laws defining those categories of land and their
management. What is clear is that the organic land law is in place, the law on wetlands
and their management has been approved and the draft forestry law is being debated.
All these legal instruments will streamline the registration of state properties both at
national and district levels, hence defining different categories of land tenure in
Rwanda.
Box 2.1: Example of Land Tenure Categories in Rwanda
[Projet d’Appui Forestier au Rwanda (PAFOR), (Forestry Support Project of Rwanda ) under
the National Forestry Authority (NAFA), have financed districts to develop the District
Forestry Development Plans (Plan d’Amanagement Forestier de District PAFD) for a five year
period, with the main objective of looking at the contribution and development of forestry at
national level and the development of the forestry sector at the district level as well as other
different functions from forestry, with an aim of efficient and effective management of forestry
resources in Rwanda.]
The district forestry development plans have detailed forestry resources up to the sector level
by defining its location, size and also their coordinates using GPS. The tenure was classified
under three categories: state forests, district forests and individual forests. A total of 125,557
hectares were inventoried representing close to 8.7% of the total land surface area, with 30%
under state tenure, 11% under district tenure, whereas 58.9% is under individual ownership as
shown in the chats below.
12
13
The map above (figure 1) indicates tenure categories for state public land, district land
and individual land under forest cover by province in Rwanda. Each graph represents a
province on the map. The above figures are exclusive of national parks and buffer
zones. What is evident is that, forest cover is small compared to the total area in relation
to other tenure categories. For example, individual tenure for which we do not have
sufficient data.
In preparation for the systematic land registration, the district land offices in
conjunction with the district land commissions are currently carrying out an inventory
on all land use categories to ensure the tenure. Many people claim to have settled on
state land without knowing whereas others claim to have been given the land by past
local leaders, ie ‘Burgomasters and Counseilles’. Considerable hectares of land
occupied and cultivated by residents have been identified and the occupants have been
informed about the status of their tenure.
With regard to wetlands, all wetlands have been categorized under state public domain
land and are under the supervision of Rwanda Environment Management Authority
(REMA). The law was declared by the Ministerial order establishing the organization,
rules of management and use of swamps in Rwanda. The order also establishes a list of
all swamps in Rwanda under the tenure of state public land, as shown under the table
below.
14
Table 1.4: Public State Wetlands
ID District Total Wetlands (ha )

101 Nyarugenge 2,370
102 Gasabo 3,256
103 Kicukiro 4,197
201 Nyanza 10,121
202 Gisagara 14,267
203 Nyaruguru 7,407
204 Huye 8,035
205 Nyamagabe 3,430
206 Ruhango 8,682
207 Muhanga 3,876
208 Kamonyi 7,909
301 Karongi 1,038
302 Rustiro 481
303 Rubavu 522
304 Nyabihu 1,457
305 Ngororero 1,108
306 Rusizi 4,755
307 Nyamasheke 3,452
401 Rulindo 6,554
402 Gakenke 4,080
403 Musanze 1,244
404 Burera 9,251
405 Gicumbi 6,734
501 Rwamagana 4,912
502 Nyagatare 33,536
503 Gatsibo 27,211
504 Kayonza 28,754
505 Kirehe 15,996
506 Ngoma 11,705
507 Bugesera 23,926
Total 260,266
Source: REMA/ IMCE September 2008
15
REMA and Integrated Management of Critical Ecosystems (IMCE) in 2008 carried out
a rapid inventory of national swamps indicating their location, name and surface area.
The inventory indicates the type of wetland, exploitation at national and local level and
mapped as well as indicating protected and non protected wetlands.
[The total numbers of wetlands inventoried are 260,266 hectares representing 10.6 per
cent of the total surface area of the country, with 56,118 ha of protected wetlands and a
total of 206,731 ha of unprotected wetlands, 41 per cent of the surface area of wetlands
inventoried are covered by natural vegetation while 53 per cent is used for agricultural
activities.] 101 lakes covering a surface area of 149,487 ha and 861 rivers covering
6,462km were also inventoried. (REMA – IMCE 2008)
16
3 Way Forward
None of the towns in Rwanda has any databases available to aid in decision making.
This is a reality affecting acquisition of public land, land registration, status of the real
estate market, land requirements for housing and economic activities, estimated costs of
expropriation/land compensation, etc.
Furthermore, specialized data relating to the functions and activities of urban
settlements are not available, with respect to their economic potential, their location in
national and regional context and their relationship with the urban network vis-à-vis
urban and rural areas (National Urban Housing Policy 2008).
With the upcoming land tenure regularization program and systematic land registration
and titling, the process will streamline land tenure categories by registering each tenure
as classified by the organic land law. Currently there is little registration of land tenure
categories despite the fact that state and district land tenure are known by location size
and usage. Individual land tenure is registered with a negligible number of people
owning land titles. The solution, therefore, shall be provided through systematic land
tenure registration, regularization and titling program, the main objective is to record all
existing rights in land and clarify their status under the OLL. Valid rights can then be
converted into a form that is recognised under the OLL and registered. Just as the
individual land holder will be required to clarify his/her rights in land through the Land
Tenure Regularisation (LTR) process, the State also has an obligation to do the same.
Sound land policies should protect people from forced removals and evictions, [or
where displacement is determined by legitimate processes as necessary for the greater
public good and is carried out in conformity with national and international norms,]
ensure that people have access to adequate compensation.
Another critical dimension is ensuring gender equality, because women face such
widespread discrimination in questions of land and property. Yet when women enjoy
secure and equal rights, everybody benefits. Also, a secure land rights for all citizens
contributes to conflicts reduction and improvement in environmental management as
well as household living conditions.
The custodian of land registration, titling and documentation as established by the

organic land law shall be the National Land Center and will handle all data related to the
land tenure categories in Rwanda. This will ease access of information to the public and
further research. The National Land Center should be the overall custodian, with the
District Land Offices keeping copies of the registry for respective districts.
Detailed maps related to the land tenure categories in regard to the present inventory are
not detailed because data on individual land tenure could not easily be available.
[Therefore, the National Land Tenure Project after the exercise of land registration and
titling, the data shall be the basis of producing accurate maps of different land tenure
categories in Rwanda, hence tools for decision making and planning relevant to the land
resources.]
17
The map below (figure 1.2) gives a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge
of land tenure in a wide perspective. Referring to the relationship between land use and
land tenure, the map illustrates the predominant land tenure categories. As more data
will be captured, LTR will provide a successively more precise picture of the situation.
18
19
4 Appendix
Appendix 1. Forest Cover per District in km2

State District Individual Total Forest Total District
ID District Land Land Land Cover Area
101 Nyarugenge 2.6376 3.9477 2.775 9.3603 133.95
102 Gasabo 12.3287 2.6012 40.1919 55.1218 429.2
103 Kicukiro 0.746 1.305 2.965 5.016 166.7
201 Nyanza 8.5466 3.8206 13.56 25.9277 672.143
202 Gisagara 8.68529 7.14562 7.30989 23.1408 679.196
203 Nyaruguru 29 8.903 115.5818 153.4848 1010.2677
204 Huye 9.534 6.1126 25.792 41.4386 581.52
205 Nyamagabe 27.9 40.26 68.16 1090.359
206 Ruhango 10.8711 1.416 35.359 47.6461 626.777
207 Muhanga 26.2423 3.564 43.694 73.5003 647.714
208 Kamonyi 3.3132 10.6039 17.146 31.0631 655.53
301 Karongi 8.8147 7.7869 52.472 69.0736 993.0322
302 Rustiro 12.6095 10.6085 26.196 49.414 1157.29
303 Rubavu 6.491 3.295 10.086 19.872 388.338
304 Nyabihu 6.9014 1.7846 21.521 30.207 531.497
305 Ngororero 11.5083 7.16 29.1733 47.8416 678.985
306 Rusizi 13.88 0.528 27.85 42.258 958.5922
307 Nyamasheke 9.1654 4.8029 34.9373 48.9056 581.527
401 Rulindo 11.728 0.745 27.1353 39.6083 566.982
402 Gakenke 7.3431 7.3431 27.4396 42.1258 704
403 Musanze 5.5284 1.0947 17.4841 24.1072 530.38
404 Burera 4.0662 7.7036 17.6595 29.4293 644.559
405 Gicumbi 13.3693 37.0447 50.414 829.516
501 Rwamagana 3.7969 0.537 4.3339 681.962
502 Nyagatare 39.2144 2.5329 22.5587 64.306 1920.112
503 Gatsibo 47.6106 6.2512 19.0637 72.9255 1582.32
504 Kayonza 8.36 3.2 9.7438 21.3038 1934.963
505 Kirehe 5.1195 9.5262 14.6457 1184.85
506 Ngoma 1.261 3.914 4.9813 10.1563 867.742
507 Bugesera 13.08 16.5412 11.199 40.82 1290.56
20
Appendix 2. Categories of people interviewed.
# Institution Category of persons

interviewed
1 National Land Center Deputy registrar of land
titles, Northern Province
2 National Land Center In charge of archives
3 MINAGRI Agronomist
4 REMA Wetland management
5 CGIS-NUR Soil and mapping expert
6 NAFA Director General
7 Nyarugenge District Natural resource and
environmental officer
Land officer
8 Gasabo District Natural resource and
environmental officer
9 Eastern province Natural resource and
environmental officers
10 Rulindo district Land officer
11 Gakenke district Land officer
Natural resource and
12 Burera district Land officer
13 Musanze district Land officer
14 Huye district Land officer
15 Gisagara district Land officer
16 Muhanga district Natural resource and
17 Kamonyi district Land officer
18 Nyamagabe district Director of planning
21
19 Nyaruguru district Land officer

20 Nyanza district Land officer
21 Karongi district Land officer
22 Nyamasheke district Land officer
23 Rusizi district Natural resource and
24 Ngororero district Land officer
Land officer
25 Rubavu district Land officer
22
Reference List
MINIRENA. 2004. National Land Policy. GOR
MINIRENA. 2005. Organic Land Law (OLL) Determining the use and management of
land in Rwanda. GOR.
MINIRENA. 2006. Presidential order determining the structure, the powers and the
functioning of the office of the Registrar of Land Titles.
MINIRENA. 2004. Forest policy. GOR
MINIRENA. 2008. National Land Tenure Reform Programme, (NLRP) Strategic Road
Map for Land Reform. DFID, HTSPE.
MINIRENA. 2009. Draft Ministerial order establishing the organisation rules of
management and the use of swamps in Rwanda.
MININFRA. 2008. National Urban Housing Policy for Rwanda. GOR
MINALOC. 2008. District Development Plans (DDP) 2008-2012.
MINIRENA. 2008. District Forestry Management Plans 2008-2012.
MINECOFIN.2007. Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy for
Rwanda.
NISR. 2008. Rwanda Development Indicators 2006 National Institute of Statistics of
Rwanda. Kigali
MINIRENA. 2008. Project De Gestion Integree des Ecosystems Critiques,(INITERE –
REMA- IMCE) Etablissement d’un inventaire national rapide du marais et elaboration
de 5 avant projets d’arretes Ministeriels relatifs aux marais. Rapport final modules 1 et
4. SHER Ingenieurs-conseils s.a, I- Mage consult, WES Consult
UN-HABITAT. 2009. Secure Land Tenure and Property Administration.
<http://www.unhabitat.org/landtenure.
FAO. 2009. Land tenure. Access and tenure of natural resources
<http:// www.fao.org/nr/tenure.
23

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RW2-4-7

RWANDA LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN

INVENTORY OF LAND TENURE CATEGORIES

3 Way Forward ............................................................................................................ 17

Abbreviations and Acronyms

DDP District Development Plans

Box 1- Terms of Reference for this Assignment.

In line with Rwanda’s long-term development Vision 2020 and Economic

Box 1.2 – Definition of land tenure

Box 1.3 - History of Land Registration in Rwanda; a case of Kigali City

In Rwanda, land is a resource of inestimable value. It occupies a first-rate place in the

East 1,077,835 2,286 502 1 0 250 251 502

Table 1.2: Land Tenure Categories in Rwanda

State land District land Individual land

1.1 State Land

1.2 Local Government Land (District, Town and Municipality

receive land by purchasing it or by donation from individuals or associations, and the

1.3 Individual Ownership

Land Use Classes Predominant Tenure Category

Box 2.1: Example of Land Tenure Categories in Rwanda

Table 1.4: Public State Wetlands

ID District Total Wetlands (ha )

The custodian of land registration, titling and documentation as established by the

Appendix 1. Forest Cover per District in km2

Appendix 2. Categories of people interviewed.

# Institution Category of persons

19 Nyaruguru district Land officer

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