DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

SOLID WASTE PROGRAM Telephone: (907) 451-2134

610 UNIVERSITY AVENUE Fax: (907) 451-2187
FAIRBANKS, AK 99709-3643
http://www.state.ak.us/dec/home.htm File number: 100.15.002
August 31, 2001

CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED 7099 3400 0015 5441 4879

The Honorable Rhonda Boyles, Mayor

Fairbanks North Star Borough
P.O. Box 71267
Fairbanks, Alaska 99707-1267

Re: Fairbanks North Star Borough, South Cushman Landfill and Expansion, Solid Waste
Permit #0131-BA004, Renewal of Permits #9831-BA013 and #9631-BA017

Dear Mayor Boyles:

The Department of Environmental Conservation has reviewed and approved your request for a
renewal of the Class I Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Permit for the Fairbanks North Star Borough
South Cushman Landfill and South Cushman Expansion, located at 455 Sanduri Road, Fairbanks,
Alaska, in E 1/2, NW 1/4, & NE 1/4, SW 1/4 of Section 26, T.1S., R.1W., and in Tax Lot 2600,
Section 26, T.1S., R.1W.; Tax Lot 2502, Section 25, T.1S., R.1W., Fairbanks Meridian, and is
issuing the permit in accordance with AS 46, 18 AAC 15, and 18 AAC 60. This permit renewal
combines the previous permits for the South Cushman Landfill and the South Cushman Expansion.
Please review the conditions and stipulations in the permit and ensure they are all understood. This
permit is effective upon issuance and expires August 1, 2006.

Any person who disagrees with this decision may appeal the decision by requesting an adjudicatory
hearing, using the procedures contained in 18 AAC 15.200-310. Hearing requests must be delivered to
the Commissioner of the Department of Environmental Conservation, 410 Willoughby Avenue, Juneau,
Alaska 99801-1795, within 30 days of receipt of this letter. If a hearing is not requested within 30
days, the right to appeal is waived. Even if an adjudicatory hearing has been requested and granted, all
permit conditions remain in full force and effect. Please also send a copy of the request to the
undersigned.

Sincerely,

Nancy B. Sonafrank
For Heather Stockard
Solid Waste Program Manager

SKM\ XD (EH/SW/FBKS - G:\EH\SW\2001\0131-BA004 FNSB.doc)

Enclosure: Permit #0131-BA004
cc w/encl: Bob Jordan – FNSB Landfill
Trustees for Alaska/Anchorage
 ALASKA DEPARTMENT
OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
610 UNIVERSITY AVENUE
FAIRBANKS, ALASKA 99709-3643

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PERMIT

Permit: 0031-BA004 Date: August 31, 2001

This Solid Waste Disposal Permit is issued to Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB), P.O. Box 71267,
Fairbanks, Alaska 99707-1267, for the operation and maintenance of a Class I municipal solid waste
landfill at 455 Sanduri Road, Fairbanks, Alaska, located in the E 2, NW 1/4, and NE 1/4, SW 1/4 of
Section 26, T.1S., R.1W., and in Tax Lot 2600, Section 26, T.1S., R.1W.; Tax Lot 2502, Section 25,
T.1S., R.1W.,Fairbanks Meridian. This permit is subject to the conditions and stipulations contained in
the following Appendices:

APPENDIX A - SITE DEVELOPMENT & OPERATIONS ........................................................... 2

APPENDIX B - MONITORING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION .................................................. 3
APPENDIX C - SITE CLOSURE ................................................................................................... 7
APPENDIX D -GENERAL PERMIT CONDITIONS..................................................................... 9
APPENDIX E -ASBESTOS DISPOSAL CONDITIONS............................................................. 11
APPENDIX F - ALASKA GOLD CONTAMINATED SOILS CELL .......................................... 14
APPENDIX G - HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE TRANSFER FACILITY ...................... 16
APPENDIX H - N-VIRO TEMPORARY STORAGE CONDITIONS…………………………23

This permit is issued under the provisions of Alaska Statute 46.03, and the Alaska Administrative Code,
as amended or revised, and other applicable state laws and regulations.

This permit is effective upon issuance and expires August 1, 2006. It may be terminated or modified in
accordance with AS 46.03.120.

Nancy B. Sonafrank
For Heather Stockard
Solid Waste Program Manager
 APPENDIX A - SITE DEVELOPMENT & OPERATIONS

I. SITE DEVELOPMENT

The permit holder shall:

A. Comply with the designs and plans in the permit renewal application dated April 2001
which includes the following documents: Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan;
Operations & Maintenance Manual; Closure/Post Closure Plan; Household Hazardous
Waste Facility Operating Plan and the Hydrogeological Report and Sampling Plan
(included by reference). The permit renewal application includes by reference the
Fairbanks North Star Borough Solid Waste Management Plan, dated July 1994. The
permittee must comply with the following permit conditions. Additional modifications to
this permit may be requested by the permittee, but must be authorized by a permit
amendment before that modification is effective.

B. Ensure that all operations will accommodate the waste volume and are done in a manner
that will facilitate close out upon closure.

C. Maintain fencing and a locking gate at the site entrance to control public access to the
site. Route all landfill users through the existing Sanduri Road scale facilities. A
secondary access through the levee road may only be used for hauling cover material and
for facility construction, not for hauling waste to the facility.

D. Maintain permanent markers, such as surveying bench marks, from which the exact
location of the facility and each closed portion can be determined.

E. Maintain a minimum separation distance of 50 feet between the active placement of solid
waste and the facility boundary. In the Expansion area, maintain a minimum separation
distance of 100 feet between the area of active placement of solid waste and the northern
facility boundary.

F. Implement the stormwater control plan as described in the Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Plan, dated April 2001.

G. Erect and maintain the following signs:

1. Erect and maintain a readily visible sign at the facility with the following
information legibly printed:

Facility Identification
Owner/Operator Name
Hours of Operation
Conditions for Use
Emergency Phone Numbers
I. SITE DEVELOPMENT (cont.)

Erect and maintain the following signs: (cont.)

2. Erect and maintain readily visible signs in the facility which will easily direct the
public to specific waste handling areas, and identify items which are not to be
disposed of such as septage sludge, acids, corrosives, solvents, oily waste,
explosives, radioactive waste, pathogenic waste, hazardous waste, etc.

3. Erect and maintain a sign at the landfill entrance, which informs the public that
waste loads are required to be covered or secured in accordance with AS
46.06.080.

H. Install and maintain a composite liner system and leachate collection system in the
Expansion Cells as described in Sections 2 through 4 the Conceptual Design Report
dated June, 1996 and Amendment No. 1 to the Conceptual Design Report in the permit
renewal application.

1. Ensure liner and leachate collection system construction that occur in areas of
permafrost have sufficient excavation and backfill with gravel to reduce the
potential for differential settlement. Liners and leachate systems placed in
permafrost areas shall be inspected and given approval by a geotechnical
engineer, as a part of the quality assurance/quality control plan for facility
construction, to ensure adequate site thaw stability will be maintained.

2. Ensure the standards for geosynthetic clay liners described in the FNSB letter
dated September 10, 1996 are met for the clay liner portion of the composite
liner system for the site. An alternative liner system consisting of a geosynthetic
clay liner with a maximum permeability of 1 x 10-9 cm/sec, with a scrim reinforced
polypropylene geomembrane liner of a minimum 45-mil thickness is approved for
this facility. Leachate collection areas shall have double polypropylene
geomembrane liner systems as described in Section 4 of the Conceptual Design
Report.

3. Implement the landfill cell phasing/usage system shown in Figure 1-2 and outlined
in Table 1.2 of the permit renewal application to minimize impacts on neighboring
properties for as long as possible.

4. Implement an adequate visual inspection program of the subgrade material prior

to geosynthetic clay liner material placement to ensure no irregularities are present
or there are no objects there which might damage the material.

5. Inspect each roll of geomembrane for damage prior to installation. Ensure all
seams are field-tested and any damages noted during the liner installation process
are repaired.
I. SITE DEVELOPMENT (cont.)

6. Implement a quality assurance/quality control program as described in Section 3

of the Conceptual Design Report dated June 1996 during the construction of
liners and leachate systems. The plan should include daily inspection reports and
photographs during construction. Should failures or problems occur with the liner
installation, the problems areas shall be corrected and retested, with a note
regarding the problem retained in the construction record for the facility.

7. As a part of the Quality Assurance/Quality Control for the liner installation,

employ the services of a company that can perform an electrical leak location
inspection of the liner when it is in place and had the drainage material placed on
top. Areas where potential holes are located in the geomembrane shall be
repaired prior to placement of wastes.

I. Construct the landfill gas collection system as described in Section 6.2 of the Conceptual
Design Report dated June 1996. If odors from the passive system become a nuisance to
neighboring properties, install an active collection system and gas flare or other approved
device to provide control of landfill gas odor.

II. GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES

The permit holder shall:

A. Ensure that only domestic refuse, commercial refuse, inert construction and demolition
debris, scrap metal, asbestos, coal ash from known and tested sources, and GHU Water
Treatment Plant filter cake sludges are disposed of at the facility.

B. Ensure that municipal solid waste (MSW) is disposed of in the Expansion Cells. Some
MSW may be disposed of in the unlined landfill as necessary. MSW disposed in the
unlined landfill must be covered by the end of the operating day.

C. Ensure that public access to the facility is controlled to reduce risks to health and to
reduce safety hazards. Maintain on-site roads to assure easy user access to the facility at
all times during open hours.

D. Ensure that refuse is deposited in approved locations only. Dumping in unauthorized

areas violates conditions of this permit and Alaska Administrative Codes.

E. Ensure that dust, odor, noise, traffic, and other effects from the operation of the facility do
not become a nuisance or hazard to the health, safety, or property of persons outside the
property boundary.
II. GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES (cont.)

F. Manage the facility so that disease vectors, wildlife, and domestic animals do not
endanger public health or safety, become harmed by contact with the waste, or become a
nuisance.

G. Ensure that landfill personnel conduct random hazardous waste inspections of incoming
loads to check for prohibited wastes. Ensure that landfill personnel receive adequate
training in the identification of hazardous waste and prohibited waste. Maintain a
hazardous waste inspection log which will be available to the Department during facility
inspections.

H. Institute vector control measures as needed, (for flies, birds, rodents, animals, etc.) to
ensure such organisms do not become a nuisance or a hazard to health. Bury all animal
carcasses with one foot of soil immediately after disposal at the facility.

I. Report all spills or discharges of hazardous substances, which occur at the landfill facility
as described in 18 AAC 75, Article 3, or as revised or amended.

J. Ensure pathological wastes or infectious wastes disposed of at the facility have been
disinfected, sterilized, or incinerated in a pathological waste incinerator or by other
equivalent method.

K. Ensure that adequate leachate collection and storage capacity is provided to prevent an
unauthorized discharge. Ensure that odors from leachate storage or treatment do not
become a nuisance to neighboring properties.

L. Maintain less than 12 inches of leachate head over the liner system during all times of
facility operations.

III. BURIAL

The permit holder shall:

A. Cover & Working Face Requirements

1. Compact, consolidate, and cover all deposited municipal waste with a minimum
of six (6) inches of soil or approved alternate cover materials by the end of each
operating day. Increase covers frequency if necessary to accommodate disposal
volume increases or to control disease vectors, odors, fire, wildlife attraction,
scavenging problems or blowing litter.
III. BURIAL (cont.)

A. Cover & Working Face Requirements (cont.)

2. Tarps may be used as an alternative daily cover for municipal waste in the
Expansion Cells. Tarps must be of sufficient size to cover all exposed waste and
be anchored to prevent winds from blowing tarps off the working face. Tires are
acceptable for anchoring tarps. Tarps must prevent bird access to the waste, and
be repaired or replaced immediately if damaged. If a mass of flies is present
under the tarp upon removal at daily start-up, then
normal soil cover must be used as daily cover. Other alternative daily cover
materials may be used, but must be approved by the Department prior to use.

3. Cover all deposited construction and demolition (C&D) waste with a minimum of
six (6) inches of soil when a lift is completed. Cover the fill when the cell is
complete, or if the fill area has been inactive for at least seven days, whichever
comes first. Increase covers frequency if necessary to accommodate disposal
volume increases or to control fire, wildlife attraction, scavenging problems or
blowing litter.

4. Deposit the waste in lifts as described in the Operations Manual and compact in
approximately two foot increments when using the compactor. Ensure that the
working face area is kept as small as possible to reduce litter problems and
minimize the volume of daily soil cover material needed. At no time shall the
working face exceed 200 feet in width. Erect and maintain an adequate number
of portable litter fences of a sufficient height to catch blowing litter and install them
as close to the working face as possible.

4. Ensure that when the temperature is at or below -10 degrees F at noon, the
placement of daily cover will not be delayed for more than 3 days because of the
impracticality and difficulties of working in very cold weather.

5. Ensure that an intermediate cover of at least 12 inches of soil is placed and

graded to ensure surface runoff on any area of the landfill which will not receive
waste for 90 days or more.

B. Ensure that solid wastes are not placed in surface waters.

C. Ensure that all-nonsalvageable drum are empty of fluids prior to crushing and burying.
Remove all fluids from drums prior to the drum’s disposal and properly dispose of in
accordance with all applicable State and Federal laws, including but not limited to,
RCRA, the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, Title 46 of Alaska Statutes and 18
AAC 60. Ensure that all large containers (e.g., cleaned barrels or drums) are crushed
 and flattened to prevent voids in the fill.
III. BURIAL (cont.)

D. Ensure that all containers for disposal which exceed 25 gallons in size are open and
empty of fluids prior to acceptance at the facility to ensure that no oil or hazardous waste
liquids are deposited in the landfill. Prohibit disposal of free liquids in the landfill unless a
container holds one gallon of liquid or less.

E. Ensure that if scrapped vehicles and equipment are accepted at the facility, they are
drained of all oil and petroleum products and lead-acid batteries removed prior to
disposal.

IV. BURNING

The permit holder shall:

A. Prohibit all open burning within the active portion of the facility.

B. Notify the Department of Environmental Conservation, Solid Waste Program, Fairbanks

Office at 451-2108, as soon as possible if any fires occur at the landfill. Ensure that
appropriate and immediate actions are taken to extinguish any fires that occur.

V. LITTER

The permit holder shall:

A. Keep the facility and surrounding adjacent area free of litter by collecting all the litter and
returning it to the working face for burial as needed during the winter months. Litter shall
be cleaned up at least once a month during the months of May through August, or more
often if necessary.

B. Install and maintain litter control fencing as necessary, to contain wind blown litter.

C. Place litter fences or other screening devices at the drainage base of snow storage areas
to collect litter and prevent it from discharging into the stormwater collection system.
VI. PROHIBITIONS AND SPECIAL RESTRICTIONS

The permit holder shall:

A. Prohibit discharge of firearms at the facility.

B. Prohibit uncontrolled scavenging and salvaging by the public.

C. Prohibit disposal of hazardous wastes in the landfill, as defined by 40 CFR Part 261.

D. Prohibit the disposal of raw sewage, radioactive material, oil, solvents, strong acids,
untreated sewage sludge, septage and pathogenic waste, and other waste defined as
hazardous under 18 AAC 60.910(28) at the facility unless specifically exempted in this
permit.

E. Prohibit disposal of lead-acid vehicle batteries in the landfill. Temporary storage in a

designated area in leak-proof containers prior to transport to an acceptable recycle or
disposal site is permitted at the household hazardous waste collection facility.

F. Prohibit the disposal of polluted soil as defined by 18 AAC 60.025 & 330. Disposal of
polluted soils will be considered a change in operations and will require an amendment to
this permit in accordance with 18 AAC 15.100.

VII. RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY

The permit holder shall:

A. Establish separate recyclable goods areas for items such as scrap metals and vehicle
batteries. Recyclable goods shall be stored in a safe and sanitary way that prevents a
litter violation under AS 46.06.080 and prevents a health hazard.
 APPENDIX B - MONITORING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION

I. VISUAL MONITORING & GENERAL MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

The permit holder shall:

A. Visually monitor the site each month for signs of damage or potential damage from settlement,
ponding, erosion, or operations at the site. Record the inspection results and maintain them in the
facility's operating record for review by Department staff during inspections.

B. Maintain a set of site development and use plans and submit an updated copy to the Department of
Environmental Conservation, Solid Waste Program, Fairbanks Office, Solid Waste Program, 610
University Avenue, Fairbanks, AK 99709 showing current status by December 15 of each year.

C. Install and maintain locking caps on all monitoring wells to prevent or detect tampering. Each well
shall be labeled with a permanent identification mark which corresponds to the mark indicated on
the map included in the monitoring report.

D. Submit all groundwater, surface water, and gas monitoring data results to the Department of
Environmental Conservation, Solid Waste Program, 610 University Avenue, Fairbanks, AK
99709 within 120 days after the collection of required samples or data, but not later than the next
sampling event.

E. Ensure inspections of the leachate collection system are done in accordance with the plans outlined
in Section 3 of the Operation and Maintenance Manual dated April 2001 unless otherwise
approved by the Department in writing.

F. Submit an annual leachate generation report to the Department by January 31 for each calendar
year with monthly gallons of leachate recycled, disposed to the wastewater treatment system, and
total leachate generated. Monthly average leachate pH and BOD must also be reported, and
whether or not amendments such as phosphates were added to the leachate lagoons.

II. GROUND AND SURFACE WATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

The permit holder shall:

A. Develop and implement a groundwater monitoring system that consists of a sufficient number of
wells, installed at appropriate locations and depths, to yield representative groundwater samples
from the aquifer in accordance with 18 AAC 60.825, 18 AAC 60.830, 18 AAC 60.840, and 40
C.F.R. 258.51 - 55.
II. GROUND AND SURFACE WATER MONITORING REQUIREMENTS (cont.)

B. Develop and implement a surface waters monitoring system in accordance with 18 AAC 60.810 &
18 AAC 60.815. Base the surface water monitoring on points of compliance selected by the
permittee and approved by the Department. Points of compliance must be chosen so that highest
concentrations of hazardous constituents migrating off the facility will be detected.

C. For the Expansion Area, determine if there is a statistically significant increase over background
concentrations for one or more of the constituents monitored at any of the “point of compliance”
monitoring wells or surface water sampling points. If a statistically significant increase over
background has been detected for one or more of the constituents listed in Appendix I (40 C.F.R.
258), develop and implement an assessment monitoring program and corrective action program in
accordance with 40 CFR 258.55- 40 CFR 258.58, as amended through December 6, 1995.

D. Update the appropriate groundwater monitoring plans to meet site conditions and changing
knowledge about the site, as needed. Submit updated plans to the Solid Waste Program,
Fairbanks Office for review and approval at least 30 days before changes in monitoring are to
begin. Any plans shall be based on the site information contained in the Hydrogeological Report
and Sampling Plan, dated August 1996.

E. Conduct all groundwater sampling activities in accordance with a Department approved Quality
Assurance Program Plan and a Department approved Sampling Plan.

F. Determine the lateral and vertical extent of the contaminant plume that exists at the western
boundary of the South Cushman Landfill. Submit a plan to delineate the contaminant plume to the
Department by October 31, 2001. The plan should include provisions for additional monitoring
wells located between MW-24 and MW-7 along the landfill property boundary. The plan should
be developed in accordance with 40 CFR 258.55.

G. Upon Department approval, execute the plume delineation plan and provide a report of findings to
the Department by April 30, 2002.

H. Based on results of the plume delineation, perform an assessment of corrective measures in

accordance with 40 CFR 258.56, and provide a report of the assessment to the Department by
June 30, 2002. Schedule and conduct a public hearing to discuss the results of the corrective
measure assessment.

I. Select a remedy based on the results of the corrective measure assessment in accordance with 40
CFR 258.57 and submit a timetable for implementation of the remedy to the Department by
September 30, 2002.
III. EXPLOSIVE GAS MONITORING & CONTROL

The permit holder shall:

A. Implement a gas monitoring and control plan as described in 18 AAC 60.350 to ensure that the
concentration of methane gas generated by the facility does not exceed

1. Twenty-five percent of the lower explosive limit for methane in facility structures; and

2. The lower explosive limit for methane at the facility property boundary.

B. Conduct gas monitoring at least quarterly and conduct monitoring based on soil conditions,
hydrogeologic conditions, hydraulic conditions, and the location of facility structures and property
boundaries. Conduct gas monitoring at outdoor sampling points when wind speeds are less than 5
miles per hour and barometric pressure is steady or falling. Record wind speed and barometric
pressure on a sampling form along with the observed methane concentrations.

C. Construct and develop gas vents, as necessary to control gases, so that explosive concentrations
do not become a health or safety hazard.

IV. RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS

The permit holder shall:

A. Maintain a copy of the following records listed in Table A in the facility’s operating record. The
records shall be made available to Department staff for review during facility inspections.

Table A. Record Keeping Requirements

RECORD KEEPING REGULATION CITATION:

REQUIREMENTS

Permit application or permit 18 AAC 60.210

Solid Waste Management Plan 18 AAC 60.205

Gas monitoring & any related 18 AAC 60.380(a)(2)

corrective action records

AK Gold Contaminated Soils Cell Permit #0131-BA004

visual & analytical monitoring records Appendix F (II.A) & (II.C)

Surface water monitoring records 18.AAC 60.225

RECORD KEEPING REGULATION CITATION:
REQUIREMENTS

Groundwater monitoring records & 18 AAC 60.235, 830(f), 820-860

any related corrective action records

Operations & Maintenance Manual 18 AAC 60.210(b)(9)

On-site sewage solids disposal 18 AAC 60.365

records (if applicable)

Visual Inspections Records 18 AAC 60.210(b)(13)

Financial Responsibility 18 AAC 60.265

Documentation

Hazardous wastes/PCB detection 18 AAC 60.240

program records

Closure & post-closure plans & post- 18 AAC 60.245 & 395(c)
closure notation to deed (if applicable)

Staff training & operator certification 18 AAC.60.335

records for Class I operators (i.e.
landfill operations, safety, etc.)

Airport distance, floodplain, and other 18 AAC 305-320

location restriction demonstrations

Current site plan & cross sectional 18 AAC 60.210(b)(6)

drawings of the landfill
Leachate generation report Permit # 0131-BA004
Appendix B (I.F)
Household Hazardous Waste report Permit # 0131-BA004
Appendix B (II.B.)
 APPENDIX C - SITE CLOSURE

I. CLOSURE REQUIREMENTS

The permit holder shall:

A. Notify the Department's appropriate regional office at least 30 days before the site is to
be permanently closed and the equipment withdrawn.

B. Ensure that closure activities are conducted in accordance with the phased closure
approach described in the permittee’s Closure/Post Closure Plan dated April 2001, or as
otherwise approved by the Department in writing. Any changes to the closure plan must
be submitted to the Department at least 30 days prior to when work is scheduled to
begin.

C. Ensure that an intermediate cover of 6 to 12 inches of additional soil cover is applied over
the existing 6 inch daily cover resulting in soil cover of 12 to 18 inches in inactive areas of
the landfill that are at closure grade but have not received final cover. Grade and
revegetate these areas and maintain the temporary closure in a manner that protects
public health and the environment.

D. Ensure that closure activities begin no later than 30 days after the last date on which the
landfill facility stops accepting waste. For the unlined South Cushman Landfill, placement
of final cover must begin no later than 30 days after final waste placement in that area.
Complete closure activities within 180 days after beginning closure or on a schedule
otherwise approved by the Department. Install a final cover system designed to minimize
infiltration and erosion and meet all the applicable requirements of 18 AAC 60.395. For
the Existing South Cushman Landfill, an alternative final cover design utilizing N-Viro
biosolids may be utilized.

E. For the Expansion Cells, ensure the final cover design uses a flexible geomembrane liner
that provides an equivalent or greater permeability than the geomembrane landfill liner
present in the base of the disposal cell.

F. Develop and implement a vegetative cover plan for completed areas within the first
growing season using plant species recommended by the Alaska Plant Material Center
(907) 745-4469.

G. Correct any water or air quality violations or decomposition gas hazards caused by the
deposited wastes or their interaction with the environment.

H. Prepare and submit to the Department a survey as-built or record drawing of the facility
within 90 days of completion of closure activities. Show the location, types, and volume
of waste deposited at the facility.
I. CLOSURE REQUIREMENTS (cont.)

I. Record the survey as-built or updated facility record drawings at the State Recorder’s
Office (or other appropriate land records office approved by the Department) along with
a plat note or other file notation informing future property owners that

1. the land was used as a municipal solid waste landfill; and

2. post-closure use of the property may not disturb the integrity of the final cover, or
any other component of the containment system, or the function of the monitoring
systems, unless approved, in writing, by the ADEC Solid Waste Program.

J. Submit a copy of the plat note or file notation and proof of filing with the Recorder’s
office to this Department within 90 days of completion of closure activities.

K. Ensure landfill final cover systems, surface water control systems, leachate collection
systems, groundwater monitoring systems, and landfill gas collection systems are
maintained for 30 years after site closure. The length of the post-closure care period may
be decreased if it is demonstrated that the time period is sufficient to protect human health
and the environment, or it may be increased to a longer period if the Department finds it is
necessary. Implement the post-closure inspection and maintenance plan as described in
the Closure/Post Closure Plan dated April 2001.
 APPENDIX D -GENERAL PERMIT CONDITIONS

I. ACCESS AND INSPECTION

The permit holder shall:

The permittee shall allow the Commissioner or her/his representative access to the permitted
facilities at reasonable times to conduct scheduled or unscheduled inspections or tests to
determine compliance with this permit, State laws, and regulations.

II. INFORMATION ACCESS

The permit holder shall:

Except for information relating to confidential processes or methods of manufacture, all records
and reports submitted in accordance with the terms of this permit shall be available for public
inspection at the State of Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Fairbanks Office,
610 University Avenue, Fairbanks, Alaska 99709-3643.

III. CIVIL AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY

The permit holder shall:

Nothing in this permit shall relieve the permittee from civil or criminal penalties for
noncompliance, whether or not such noncompliance is due to factors beyond his control
including, but not limited to, accidents, equipment breakdowns, or labor disputes.

IV. AVAILABILITY

The permit holder shall:

The permittee shall post or maintain a copy of this permit available to the public at the disposal
facility.

V. ADVERSE IMPACT

The permit holder shall:

The permittee shall take all necessary means to minimize any adverse impacts to the receiving
waters or lands resulting from noncompliance with any limitation specified in this permit, including
any additional monitoring needed to determine the nature and impact of the noncomplying
activity. The permittee shall cleanup and restore all areas adversely impacted by the
noncompliance.
VI. CULTURAL OR PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Should cultural or paleontological resources be discovered as a result of this activity, work which
would disturb such resources is to be stopped, and the State Historic Preservation Office,
Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation, Department of Natural Resources, is to be notified
immediately (907- 269-8721).

VII. APPLICATIONS FOR RENEWAL

In accordance with 18 AAC 15.100(d), applications for renewal or amendment of this permit
must be made no later than 30 days before the expiration date of the permit or the planned
effective date of the amendment.

VIII. OTHER LEGAL OBLIGATIONS

The requirements, duties, and obligations set forth in this permit are in addition to any
requirements, duties, or obligations contained in any permit that the Alaska Department of
Environmental Conservation or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has issued or may
issue to the permittee. This permit does not relieve the permittee from the duty to obtain any and
all necessary permits and to comply with the requirements contained in any such permit or with
applicable state and federal laws and regulations. All activities conducted by the permittee
pursuant to the terms of this permit and all plans implemented by the permittee pursuant to the
terms of this permit shall comply with all applicable state and federal laws and regulations.

IX. POLLUTION PREVENTION

In order to prevent and minimize present and future pollution, when making management
decisions that affect waste generation, the permittee shall consider the following order of priority
options: waste source reduction; recycling of waste; waste treatment; and waste disposal.
 APPENDIX E -ASBESTOS DISPOSAL CONDITIONS

I. SITE PREPARATION

The permit holder shall:

A. Designate and maintain a separate area within the Existing South Cushman permitted
landfill for regulated asbestos containing material (RACM) waste disposal.

B. Ensure the waste management area used for disposal of RACM waste is located on
undisturbed earth or stable fill. It must not be located in an area that would preclude
future closeout or remedial action at the facility.

C. Install fencing, berms, trenches, or other barriers appropriate to the location of the landfill
to control access to the designated asbestos disposal area.

D. Post signs at the asbestos site entrance and at 100 foot intervals or less along the
asbestos site boundary that state in one-inch or taller lettering:

ASBESTOS WASTE DISPOSAL SITE

DO NOT CREATE DUST
BREATHING ASBESTOS
IS HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH

Signs may be removed after the final cover has been applied, however, a permanent
monument indicating that asbestos is buried below must be maintained.

II. RECEIVING ASBESTOS WASTE

The permit holder shall:

A. Ensure the permittee or designated representative is present at the site to supervise the
disposal. The landfill operator must maintain a log of the source and quantity of asbestos
delivered. Landfill operators may require the driver to sign in or sign over a chain-of-
custody or waste manifest form. Shipping manifests and all other records pertaining to
the asbestos waste must be maintained by the facility owner.

B. Inspect loads verify to that RACM waste is properly contained in leak-tight containers
and labeled appropriately. The loads shall be accompanied by a complete and accurate
shipment record. The operator should contact the Alaska Department of Environmental
Conservation (907- 451-2108) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (206)
553-1757 or (907- 269-4954) if the waste is improperly packaged.
II. RECEIVING ASBESTOS WASTE (cont.)

C. Ensure RACM asbestos waste is thoroughly wetted and placed in a leak-tight container
before burial. Containers may be barrels, drums, or double six-mil or thicker plastic
bags.

D. Ensure all RACM containers shall have a warning label attached that states:

CAUTION
CONTAINS ASBESTOS
AVOID OPENING OR BREAKING CONTAINER
BREATHING ASBESTOS IS HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH
or:
CAUTION
CONTAINS ASBESTOS
AVOID OPENING OR BREAKING CONTAINER
BREATHING ASBESTOS DUST
MAY CAUSE SERIOUS BODILY HARM

III. WASTE DEPOSITION AND COVERING

The permit holder shall:

A. Ensure non-regulated asbestos containing material waste (non-RACM waste) is buried in

a manner that does not result in the release of asbestos fibers to the air or surface water.
Non-RACM waste must be covered with six inches of clean soil within 24 hours after
its placement in the disposal area. Regulations do not require non-RACM waste to be
packaged or labeled, but in some cases, packaging may be appropriate to prevent the
release of asbestos dust. The generation of asbestos dust from non-friable (non-RACM)
asbestos in a violation of NESHAP. The disposal of non-RACM waste may occur only
in permitted landfills which have had no fires occurring in them for more than one year.

B. Place RACM waste into the disposal cell carefully to avoid breaking the material or
containers. Particular care must be taken with plastic bags since they may break under
pressure and emit asbestos particles.

C. Cover the waste and container with at least six inches of non-asbestos containing soil
material by the end of each day of waste deposition.
IV. SITE CLOSURE

The permit holder shall:

A. Construct permanent survey markers at the site.

B. Ensure final cover of at least thirty (30) inches is applied within 90 days of the last
deposition to areas that will not receive more waste within one year. Additional cover
may be required in areas subject to excessive soil erosion or frost action.

C. Maintain the integrity of the soil cover, slopes, vegetation, and drainage structures of
closed asbestos waste disposal sites.

D. Mark the limits of the asbestos disposal area on property survey records.

E. Record that asbestos disposal has occurred at the site on the property deed, with a
written warning about health and safety hazards related to disturbing the site. Provide
proof to the Department that this record had been placed on the property deed.

V. REPORTING

The permit holder shall:

A. Retain all records regarding RACM waste accepted at the site for at least five years after
site closure. Records shall be furnished to the Department upon request.

B. Maintain an exact description of the location (maps or diagrams) with reference to a

permanent marker or survey post, showing the depth of the waste area, and the amount,
in cubic yards of RACM waste accepted. This information shall be kept in the facility
operating record.

C. Prepare and annually update as-built or record drawing showing the location and volume
of waste deposited at the asbestos waste disposal site and file those drawings with the
Department when the site is closed.

D. Record a plat note or file notation at the State Recorder’s Office (or other appropriate
land records office approved by the Department) stating that asbestos waste has been
buried on the property, that it would be hazardous to attempt to excavate that area, and
any disturbance of the site must be approved by ADEC. The location of the asbestos
deposit and permanent markers should be conveyed in the as-built drawings attached to
the file notation.
 APPENDIX F - ALASKA GOLD CONTAMINATED SOILS CELL

I. SITE DEVELOPMENT

The permit holder shall:

A. Maintain readily visible signs at the four corners of the disposal cell, with the following information
legibly printed in letters at least two inches in height:

Caution: Buried Soils Contaminated With

Arsenic as Arsenopyrite (FeAsS) and Elemental Mercury Present
In Concentrations Higher Than Background Levels
Emergency Phone Numbers

When additional solid waste is placed on top of the north end of the cell, the signs will still be
maintained in the areas where additional wastes are not deposited at the south end of the cell.

II. LEACHATE DETECTION SYSTEM

The permit holder shall:

A. Monitor for the presence of leachate in the leachate collection and leachate detection system
annually. If sufficient amounts of leachate are present to sample, collect samples from the leachate
collection/detection system on an annual basis during the operational life of the FNSB landfill.
Leachate detection system monitoring will continue as a part of the post-closure care and
monitoring requirement when the FNSB landfill closes. If no liquid is found, then further analyses
are not required. If a sufficient volume of liquid for analysis is collected, then the leachate shall be
analyzed for the metals listed below, and results of analytical data submitted within 30 days after
collection.

1. Analyze leachate samples for the following metals:

Arsenic (As) EPA Method 206.2

Cadmium (Cd) EPA Method 213.2
Lead (Pb) EPA Method 239.2
Mercury (Hg) EPA Method 245.1

B. Collect, treat, and dispose of any liquids found in the leachate detection system, in excess of one
foot in height, in accordance with state regulations. Liquids may be disposed of in a permitted
wastewater treatment plant if it is shown that they do not exceed standards set in State Drinking
Water Regulations 18 AAC 80 or State Water Quality Regulations set out in 18 AAC 70.
II. LEACHATE DETECTION SYSTEM, (cont.)

C. Notify the Department in writing, within 10 days of discovery that leachate is collecting within the
liner system. Additional monitoring, sampling, or repair of the top cover liner may be required at
that time.

D. Submit a plan for approval by the Department, if leachate is found collecting in the system, which
provides for the final disposal and treatment of the leachate.

III. CELL INTEGRITY MONITORING

The permit holder shall:

A. Visually inspect the disposal cell area on an annual basis for signs of settlement, ponding, erosion
of materials and place the results of visual monitoring in the operational record of the facility.
Visual monitoring of the disposal cell area for evidence of subsidence, erosion, or vegetative stress
shall continue annually throughout the active life of the landfill, and through the post-closure
monitoring period of the facility after its closure. Retain visual monitoring results in the operating
record for the facility.

B. Ensure signs required in I.A. of this section are in place and are legible each time the site is visually
monitored.

IV. REPORTING AND RECORDS

The permit holder shall:

A. Prepare survey as-built or record drawings showing the location and volume of contaminated soils
waste deposited in the disposal cell within the FNSB landfill, and file those records with the Solid
Waste Program, Fairbanks Office within 60 days of the final closure of the landfill.

B. Submit all results of any leachate analytical monitoring data within 30 days after collection of the
samples and data.

V. CELL CLOSURE REQUIREMENTS

The permit holder shall:

A. Monitor the disposal cell as required in Section II of this Appendix to ensure compliance with 18
AAC 60, Article 4 (Closure), or as amended. Take remedial actions necessary to correct
violations of Drinking Water Standards (18 AAC 80) or Water Quality Standards (18 AAC 70)
resulting from operations at the site.
 APPENDIX G - HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE TRANSFER FACILITY

I. OPERATIONS & SITE RESTRICTIONS

The permittee shall:

A. Maintain and operate the collection facility to prevent the possibility of fire, explosion, or
any release of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to air, soil, or surface
water which could threaten human health or the environment.

B. Restrict collection to the receipt of household hazardous waste and conditionally exempt
small quantity generator’s hazardous wastes. Collect solid wastes, which exhibit a
hazardous waste characteristic of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity, or are
defined by 18 AAC 62.020 as being hazardous waste. In conjunction with the receipt of
the above named type of wastes, collect hazardous materials and recyclable material,
such as used oil to be burned for energy recovery or antifreeze to be recycled or lead
acid batteries to be recycled.

C. Operate the facility as a collection point for household hazardous waste and conditionally
exempt small quantity generator’s hazardous wastes only. The treatment and disposal of
hazardous waste at the collection facility is prohibited.

D. Erect and maintain the following signs:

1. “HAZARDOUS WASTE COLLECTION FACILITY”. This sign must be

posted at each gate or entrance to the active portion of the facility.

2. “DANGER -- UNAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL KEEP OUT”. This sign must

also be posted at each gate or entrance to the active portion of the facility. This sign
shall also be used to distinguish restricted areas within the facility which are not
intended for general public access.

3. “NO SMOKING”. This sign is to be placed wherever there may be a hazard from
ignitable or reactive waste.

4. A sign at the main gate shall identify the nature and operation of the facility. The sign
shall state the following:

Facility Identification
Hours of Operation
Emergency Phone Numbers

E. Ensure that putrescible waste is not collected, treated, or stored at the collection facility.
Manage the facility to discourage the attraction of animals.
I. OPERATIONS & SITE RESTRICTIONS (cont.)

F. Control the run-on and run-off of surface water at the collection facility. No run-off of
surface waters shall cause a violation of the State of Alaska Water Quality Standards.

G. Be prepared to carry out the appropriate actions immediately if there is a fire, explosion,
or release of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents which could threaten
human health or the environment.

H. Ensure that the facility is equipped with a telephone, or a hand-held two-way radio, fire
extinguishers, fire control equipment, spill control equipment, over-pack drums, and
decontamination equipment. Maintain a water supply with adequate volume and
pressure to supply waste hose streams, or foam producing equipment, water spray
systems, or emergency eye wash or showers.

I. Ensure that all personnel at the collection facility maintain a working knowledge of the
visual identification, location, and operation of all emergency equipment at the facility.

J. Ensure that the facility is controlled and secure at all times to prevent unauthorized entry
or activities.

II. MONITORING, RECORDS, & REPORTING

The permit holder shall:

A. Conduct a visual inspection at the collection facility at least once a day while hazardous
waste is being collected or stored on-site. Inspect all areas where containers are stored
and loading/unloading areas for leaks, deterioration, and corrosion, or any situation
which may cause the release of hazardous materials.

B. Submit an annual report by July 31 of each year to the Department for waste
management operations during the previous 12 months (July through June). The report
shall identify the quantity of each category of hazardous waste received at the collection
facility. Identify the status of the hazardous waste collected, i.e. remains in storage, or
has been sent to a recycling or treatment or disposal facility. The report must include the
EPA identification number (if the permittee has one), name and address of the collection
facility and the calendar year covered by the report.
III. CLOSURE

The permit holder shall:

A. Remove all hazardous wastes from the collection facility within 90 days after receiving
the final volume of hazardous wastes.

B. Within 60 days of completion of closure activities, submit to the Department, by

registered mail, a signed certification certifying that the hazardous waste collection facility
has been closed and that no hazardous waste or hazardous waste residues remain.
 APPENDIX H – N-VIRO TEMPORARY STORAGE CONDITIONS

I. SITE DEVELOPMENT

The permit holder shall:

A. Stockpile and maintain N-Viro treated sewage sludge in the area of Expansion Cells 7
and 8 and comply with the designs and plans in the N-Viro Transport and Storage Plan,
dated August 21, 2000. If a modification or amendment of the Storage Plan is needed,
then that request needs to be submitted at least 30 days before the implementation date
of the modification.

B. Ensure that a minimum 100-foot horizontal distance is maintained between the area
where treated biosolids are temporarily stored and the property boundary.

C. Ensure that surface water run-off from biosolids storage piles does not flow outside the
landfill property boundary by constructing and maintaining diversion structures such as
ditches or berms, as needed.

D. Ensure that only biosolids from the City of Fairbanks N-Viro biosolids project are
accepted at this site, unless prior approval is obtained from the Department.

E. Ensure that the N-Viro stockpile is graded and compacted to facilitate surface drainage,
and that a grass vegetative cover is established on the stockpile to mitigate erosion and
odors.

F. Utilize the N-Viro biosolids as alternative final cover for the Existing South Cushman
Landfill per the phased closure shedule described in the Closure/Post-closure Plan dated
April 2001. Compacted N-Viro biosolids may be used for the infiltration layer and the
uncompacted biosolids may meet the requirements for an erosion layer as required by 18
AAC 60.395.

II. MONITORING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION

The permit holder shall:

A. Monitor the groundwater for nitrates twice annually at monitoring wells LFCW-4 and
LFCW-5 as indicated on the site plan.

B. Visually monitor the site annually after spring breakup for signs of potential damage from
erosion or settlement of biosolids piles and surface water control structures. Implement
and record corrective actions, if necessary. Retain the visual inspection in the facility’s
operating record.

C. If corrective action such as filling and regrading is completed, reseed the repaired area to
reestablish vegetation cover.