Review Chapter 2 Comprehensive Science

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?
a. crust b. inner core c. mantle d. outer core

What happens to the temperature and pressure as you go deeper into the earth?
a. temperature decreases and pressure increases b. temperature and pressure
stay the same c. temperature increases and pressure decreases
d. temperature and pressure both increase

Danielle is learning about the Great Rift Valley in Africa. What causes rift valleys
to form?
a. Two continental plates separate. b. Two continental plates collide. c. A
continental and an ocean plate collide. d. A continental and an ocean plate
separate.

Marty’s class is studying plate boundaries.

What can Marty tell about the lower plate from this diagram?
a. It is more dense than the upper plate. b. It is less dense than the upper
plate. c. It is moving slower than the upper plate. d. It is moving faster than
the upper plate.

Forces inside the earth pushing the crust upward forms which type of mountain?
a. fault-block mountain b. folded mountain c. upwarped mountain d. volcanic
mountain

Kayla’s teacher wants her to explain what causes Earth’s plates to move. Which
of the following would be Kayla’s best answer?
a. The mantle material circulates because of convection. b. Plates slide down
the slopes of mid-ocean ridges. c. As plates cool, they become more dense and
begin to slide. d. Scientists do not yet fully understand why the plates move.

What happens when two continental plates collide?

a. A line of volcanoes forms. b. The plates fold and form mountains. c. A deep
ocean trench is created. d. One plate sinks underneath the other.

Under which of the following is Earth’s crust thickest?

a. lakes b. mountains c. oceans d. plains

Kiran is learning about the earth’s plates.

Which of the following would most likely occur as a result of these plates sliding?
a. New crust would form. b. An earthquake would take place. c. A mountain
would rise higher. d. A volcano would start to form.

Which of these parts of the Earth makes up the greatest percentage of Earth’s
mass?
a. crust b. inner core c. mantle d. outer core

Helen is writing a report about the layers of Earth.

What does the chart tell her about the crust?

a. It has the highest temperature. b. It is thicker than the core. c. Its depth
changes. d. Its temperature remains constant.

Dana is reading about the principle of isostasy. Which of the following is the
result of isostasy?
a. The earth’s lithosphere floats on the asthenosphere. b. The mantle is thicker
than the crust and the inner core. c. Underwater volcanoes form more quickly
than land volcanoes. d. All of the earth’s plates move at the same rate of
speed.

New crust is continually being formed on Earth. How does new crust form?
a. Sliding plates rub against each other. b. Two adjacent plates collide. c. One
plate subducts another plate. d. Two adjacent plates separate.

The inner core of Earth is ____.

a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. lava

The largest layer of Earth's interior is the ____.

a. inner core b. outer core c. mantle d. crust

Earth's outermost layer is the ____.

a. inner core b. outer core c. mantle d. crust

Plates move apart because of ____, a pulling force acting on plates.

a. volcanoes b. rifts c. tension d. faults

A mid-ocean ridge forms from ____ plates.

a. sliding b. separating c. colliding d. volcanic

Sliding plates cause ____.

a. earthquakes b. holes c. hurricanes d. fires

When a plate at a mid-ocean ridge responds to gravity by sliding down a slope, it

is called ____.
a. ridge-push b. slab-push c. slab-pull d. ridge-pull

Mountains made of huge rocks separated from other rocks by faults are ____
mountains.
a. folded b. fault-block c. upwarped d. volcanic

Tremendous pushing forces cause a squeezing of rock layers in ____ mountains.

a. folded b. fault-block c. upwarped d. volcanic

____ acts on mountains to change their size, height, or surface.

a. Slipping b. Erosion c. Sliding d. Shifting

When forces inside Earth push up the crust, ____ mountains form.
a. folded b. fault-block c. upwarped d. volcanic

Volcanic mountains are formed by ____.

a. lava b. gravity c. folding d. sliding
Completion
Complete each statement.
Waves that carry energy through Earth's rocks are called ____________________
waves.

Earth's core is divided into a ____________________ part and a solid part.

Earth's core is under great pressure due to ____________________.

The Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas are now being ____________________ by

____________________ processes.

Large fractures in rocks where movement occurs are ____________________.

When plates ____________________, the tremendous force causes mountains to form.

____________________ is when one plate sinks beneath another plate.

The opening of a volcano is called a ____________________.

The principle of ____________________ states that Earth's crust and lithosphere float
on the upper part of the mantle.

____________________ volcanoes are much larger and have more gently sloping sides
than subduction volcanoes.
Short Answer
Describe how underwater volcanic mountains are formed. How is this process
different from the formation of some volcanic mountains on land?

Ken is studying mountains. He says he can tell whether a mountain is young or

old just by looking at it. How can Ken tell?

What are two clues that scientists use to determine how Earth's interior is
divided into layers?
List the four layers of Earth.

Describe the difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere.

List three possible reasons for plate movement.

When does slab-pull occur?