Spanish Italian

24743 Users

• Applicat
ions

• News
Your Electronics Open
Source • Datash
eet

• SEAR
CH

 About

 Download

 Contact

 Team

○ Stories

 Hardware
Login / Register
 Linux

 Microcontrollers

 News

 Programming

 Technology

 Widget

Signal Generation with MATLAB. Example of DTMF in telephony

By eostech Mar 16th, 2010
• Technology

• dtmf

• matlab
3digg
Sampling and Generation
In mathematics a signal is a real function of a real variable f(t). In electronics it represents the evolution of a v
Simplified diagram to generate an arbitrary signal v(t) from a digital format v(i) is the following:

First of all, the information is available in digital format, inside a file in the vector numbers format (samples).
to a digital-to-analog converter that produces a voltage signal to output to the external world, after an appropr
states that the sampling frequency fs must satisfy the following relation:
fs ≥ 2B, where B is the absolute band of the output signal. Details on the sampling theorem can be found in li

Even if the DAC can assure high sampling frequency, the absolute band of the signal that has to be generated
stage of the audio card. Because it's designed for sound applications, it's equipped with an amplifier with a 20
It must be also taken into account that the output signal will be distorted in amplitude and phase, more around
the generation of signals having with bandwidth lower than about 10KHz.

At this point, the most important issues are:

1- to generate a file with the signal in the digital format.

2- to setup a hw/sw sysytem able to perform the digital to analog conversion chain (DAC).

Matlab and the PC sound card

A possible solution for this problem consists to use Matlab with a PC sound card. Matlab is a numerical calcu
structures. It's able to easily generate a time function (unidimensional vector). Furthermore, through specializ
a .wav format of the signal compatible with all sound player for PC through the sound card. Often, depending
auxilary output stage for the audio signal conditioning.

Matlab supplies different internal functions to generate a waveform. Most of these require a preliminary state
sample frequency of fs[Hz] it's possible to produce a time vector by writing: t=linspace(0, end, end*fs . This
zero to end second, divided in end*fs points.

The source code to generate a 20Hz, 2 seconds tone is:

t=linspace(0, 2, 2*10000)

y=sin(2*pi*20*t)

plot(t, y)

wavwrite(y, 10000, prova.wav)

The function wavwrite(y,fs,'nomefile') generates an audio nomefile.wav file from the y vector sampled at the

Example: DTMF tones generation

As example, we consider the generation of DTMF tones of the telephon keyboard. Dual-Tone Multi-Frequen
telephony to code numerical digits by means of sound signals in the audio band. The DTMF keyboard consis
represents a low frequency while each column represents an high frequency. For example, pressing the button
Hz. The Multifrequency term comes from the simultaneous use of two waves.

The following source allows to generate with Matlab a 12 seconds dtmf.wav file that reproduces, at interval o
tones of the buttons:

0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-*-#
%------------------------------
%-- EXAMPLE OF DTMF GENERATION
%------------------------------

l=12; %-- signal length in second

fs=10000; %-- sampling frequency in HZ
t=linspace(0,l,l*fs); %-- generating the time axis

fc1=697; %-- frequencies

fc2=770;
fc3=852;
fc4=941;
fr1=1209;
fr2=1336;
fr3=1477;

y0 = sin(2*pi*fc3*t) + sin(2*pi*fr2*t); % 0
y1 = sin(2*pi*fc1*t) + sin(2*pi*fr1*t); % 1
y2 = sin(2*pi*fc1*t) + sin(2*pi*fr2*t); % 2
y3 = sin(2*pi*fc1*t) + sin(2*pi*fr3*t); % 3
y4 = sin(2*pi*fc2*t) + sin(2*pi*fr1*t); % 4
y5 = sin(2*pi*fc2*t) + sin(2*pi*fr2*t); % 5
y6 = sin(2*pi*fc2*t) + sin(2*pi*fr3*t); % 6
y7 = sin(2*pi*fc3*t) + sin(2*pi*fr1*t); % 7
y8 = sin(2*pi*fc3*t) + sin(2*pi*fr2*t); % 8
y9 = sin(2*pi*fc3*t) + sin(2*pi*fr3*t); % 9
y_start = sin(2*pi*fc3*t) + sin(2*pi*fr1*t); % *
y_canc = sin(2*pi*fc3*t) + sin(2*pi*fr3*t); % #

y=zeros(1,length(t));

k=0;
s=length(y)-1;
s=s+1;

for i=1:s
if k < s/12
y(i)=y0(i);
elseif k >= s/12 && k <((2*s)/12)
y(i)=y1(i);
elseif k >= ((2*s)/12) && k <((3*s)/12)
y(i)=y2(i);
elseif k >= ((3*s)/12) && k <((4*s)/12)
y(i)=y3(i);
elseif k >= ((4*s)/12) && k <((5*s)/12)
y(i)=y4(i);
elseif k >= ((5*s)/12) && k <((6*s)/12)
y(i)=y5(i);
elseif k >= ((6*s)/12) && k <((7*s)/12)
y(i)=y6(i);

elseif k >= ((7*s)/12) && k <((8*s)/12)

y(i)=y7(i);
elseif k >= ((8*s)/12) && k <((9*s)/12)
y(i)=y8(i);
elseif k >= ((9*s)/12) && k <((10*s)/12)
y(i)=y9(i);
elseif k >= ((10*s)/12) && k <((11*s)/12)
y(i)=y_start(i);
else
y(i)=y_canc(i);
 end
k=k+1;
end

plot(t,y*0.4); wavwrite(y*0.4,fs,'dtmf.wav');

Umberto Calari, EOStech Srl

• eostech's blog

• Login or register to post comments

• 2140 reads
Taxonomy Who's new Folksonomy Tag Cloud
Category Tags • Argupsr
8bit 16 bit adc ADI AMD amplifier arduino ARMa
 ANALOG or
 APPLICATI • 97Zimra charger Bluetooth Capacitor cmos ColdFire Designd
ON-NOTE • evapterh d linux embedded os embedded system Ethernet Fairch
 DATABOO eam
K • Ronesoal LED LED Driver Lin
to i2c Intel interface iphone lcd
 DATASHEE lumma
T Technology linux maxim mcu memsMicroch
 DIY • Infulsean
 Electronics aere amp open sourcePCB pic pic32 power
Parts • irriltFliet
 EMBEDDE te supply processorprogramming pwm Resistor rf rto
D • JerTraur deo wireless Zetex zigbee
 FIRMWARE ecync
 HACK • hazra.4u
 HARDWAR
• tacyDeer
E
cedar
 HOMEMAD
E • weceone
 HowTo rZerge
 LINUX Who's
 MICROCON
TROLLERS
online
 NEWS There are
 PCB currently 0
 PROGRAM users and 3
MING guests online.
 PROJECTS
 REFERENC
E DESIGN
 ROBOTICS
 STANDAR
DS
 TECHNOLO
GY
 TOOLS
 TUTORIAL
S
 VINTAGE

Trademarks