Unit 1: Brands

- Emotional affection, fondness, or sympathy for someone or something (men’

chuong.) * emotional attachment
- A consumer's awareness of a particular brand or product compared to that of its
rivals (nhan thuc thuong hieu)*mindshare
- A brand that has been in existence for a long time and therefore recognized and
generally accepted (thuong hieu da dung’ vung~)*established brand
- Chu?ng loai. hang moi’*new category
- Tiep thi san pham tieu dung` *consumer marketing
- San pham dong’ ho^p. *packaged goods
- Person who has marketing responsibilities for a specific brand.*brand manager
- a feeling or memory that is related to a particular place, event, word etc (su lien
tuong)*association
- replace, exchange, displace (thay the’)*substitute
- y’ thuc’ ve nhan hieu (o nguoi tieu dung) *brand awareness
- what people think or feel about a particular product, company name or symbol
(logo), etc*brand image
- the financial value of a particular brand to the company that sells the product,
based on how good people think it is, what people connect it with (gia tri thuong
hieu); sometimes shown on a firm’s balance sheet*brand equity
- a type of advertising in which a company pays to have one of its products appear
in a film/movie or television program (quang cao san pham) *product placement
- the range of products or services offered by a particular company* product
portfolio
- the theory that sales of a product pass through four stages: introduction, when
there is a gradual increase in sales; growth, when sales increase rapidly; maturity,
when sales increase slowly; decline, when sales fall*product lifecycle
- the way a product, service or company is advertised in a particular part of the
market so that it appears different from others; the way that people think about a
product, service or company (ddinh vi) *positioning
- goods such as cars, televisions, computers, furniture, etc. that last for a long time
after you have bought them (hang tieu dung` la^u be^n`)*consumer durables
- goods such as food, drinks, newspapers, etc. that only last for a short time and
need to be replaced often *fast-moving consumer goods*customer non-durables
- nguyen lieu tho^ *raw material
- thanh pham*finished goods
- [v.] to create brands and to keep them in customers’ minds through advertising ,
packaging*brand
- a product or group of products that a shop/store sells with its own name on rather
than the name of the company that produced them *own brand product*own label
product
- [n.] products, especially drugs, produced as a standard type of product, that does
not have a brand name or is not protected by a trademark *generic product*generics
- the awareness consumers have of a particular brand*brand familiarity
- the extent to which a brand is recognized within a product class for certain
attributes*brand recognition
- what people expect from a brand *brand promise
- when consumers like one brand more than another *brand preference
- all the ways that people think about a brand *brand image
- the process of making your product or service seem different from other similar
products or services that it is competing with*differentiation
- businessman who is not affected by feelings when trying to get what you want
(dut’ khoat’, lam viec ko dua tren cam xuc’)*hard-nosed businessman
- the most important brand owned by an organization – for example “Coke” is the
most famous of the many soft drinks brands owned by Coca-Cola.*flagship brand
- The brand used on a variety of different products – for example “Nestle” is used
on al the food products the company owns, even if another brand is also used on some
of the products *generic brand
- When a company uses an existing brand name for new types of product. Some
marketers say that there are limits to this. They say that ____ _____ can lead to brand
dilution, making the brand less powerful. *brand stretching*brand extension
- a man or woman whose job is to sell goods, for example, in a
shop/store*salesman
- if sth is delivered _______, it is brought directly from the factory or supplier to the
customer*door-to-door
- [v.] avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of*shun
- the act of printing a book, a magazine, etc. and making it available to the public; a
book, a magazine, etc. that has been published*publication
- [n.] nuoc thom dung` sau khi cao ra^u *aftershave
- [n.] a job or business which involves a lot of skill or training*practice
- [n.] a working method, or set of working methods, which is officially accepted as
being the best to use in a particular business or industry, usually described formally
and in detail*best practice
- v. report or maintain (bao’ cao’) *allege
- adj. having no known name or identity or known source*anonymous
- adj. of or relating to the philosophical study of ethics (dao duc’) *ethical
- adj. affecting your mind in a way that you are not conscious of(tiem` thuc’)
*subliminal
- n. An inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or
wrongness of one's behavior (luong ta^m) *conscience
- ca phe na^u *brewed coffee
- diem? bao~ hoa` *saturation point
- (ph.v) to have financial difficulties, especially because you are not making as
much money as you used to make*feel the pinch
- Dai ly’ doc quyen` *exclusive agent
- v. to give official permission for someone to do or produce something, or for an
activity to take place*license
- ph. with special permission from the maker of a product (co’ giay’ phep’)*under
license
- hop dong lien doanh*joint venture agreement
- when some companies offer exactly the same products all over the world *global
offerings
- v. to obey a rule or a law (tuan theo)*conform

Unit 2: Travel
- [ph.v] to make changes to an organization in order to make it more effective (cai
tien’)*shake up
- n. service occurring or provided during an aircraft flight *in-flight service
- [phv.] pha’ san? *go bust
- n. do~ bo? dieu tiet’, phi dieu` tiet’ *deregulation
- n. the act of making less strict (mo cua tu do)*liberalization
- n. An act of giving financial assistance to a failing business or economy to save it
from collapse *bailout
- adj. describes a business that provides customers with a complete range of
services*full-service
- tuyen duong` dai` *long-haul route
- n. revenue, the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land
or other property*yield
- n. an arrangement in which two or more countries, groups etc agree to work
together to try to change or achieve something(lien minh)*alliance
- n. centre, the central and most important part of an area, system, activity etc,
which all the other parts are connected to*hub
- chuoi~ khach’ san *hotel chain
- phong` to chuc hoi nghi thong qua video*videoconferencing suite
- v. to promise the same room, seat, table, etc. to two different people at the same
time*double-book
- v. to sell more tickets for a theatre, plane etc than there are seats
available*overbook
- v. to change the direction in which something travels (chuyen huong) *divert
- v. to change the route of something(thay doi lich trinh) *reroute
- n. the cheapest type of seats in a plane*economy class*tourist class*coach class
- n. travelling conditions on an aircraft that are more expensive than tourist class,
but not as expensive as first class *business class
- n. the act of passengers and crew getting aboard a ship or aircraft*embarkation
- n. the act of passengers and crew getting off of a ship or aircraft*disembarkation
- n. hanh khach qua’ canh*transit passenger
- v. move ahead; travel onward in time or space (tien ve phia’ truoc)*proceed
- n. a structure that is built over and into the water so that boats can stop next to it or
people can walk along it (cau tau`) *pier
- n. a kind of flight refers to any flight by an aircraft which does not involve any
intermediate stops.*non-stop flight
- n. a flight with one or more intermediate stops but no change of aircraft*direct
flight
- n. the place where a person lives (noi o?) *domicile
- n. a trip to some place and back again*round trip*return trip
- n. The amount by which revenue from sales exceeds costs in a business (chenh
lech loi nhuan)*profit margin
- n. muc’ tin’ dung *credit limit
- n. A person who lives outside their native country *expatriate
- n. A person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis *commuter
- n. A large passenger aircraft (may bay dan dung loai lon’) *airliner
- n. a commercial enterprise that provides scheduled flights for passengers (hang~
may bay)*airline
- adj. Able to stick fast to a surface or object; sticky *adhesive
- adj. anxiety about the future or a fear that something unpleasant is going to happen
*apprehensive
- MPV*multipurpose vehicle
- n. An automobile having a closed body and a closed trunk separated from the part
in which the driver and passengers sit; a sedan *saloon
- n. a plan or list of the places you will visit on a journey(nhat ki di
duong)*itinerary
- ph v. expire *run out
- n. tam’ che nang’ o to*visor
- n. chi phieu cho nguoi du lich, a letter of credit issued by a bank or express
company that is payable on presentation to any correspondent of the
issuer*traveller’s check*traveller’s cheque
- n. tiem chung? *vaccination
- v. tiem chung*vaccinate
- n. hanh ly qua trong luong qui dinh*excess baggage
- v. doi` cho~ (duoc thong bao’ tai san bay truoc’ khi len may’ bay) *bump
- v. to give someone a better seat on a plane or a better room in a hotel than the one
they paid for*upgrade
- n. the price you pay to travel somewhere by bus, train, plane etc *fare
- n. the tired and confused feeling that you can get after flying a very long distance,
especially because of the difference in time between the place you left and the place
you arrived at (met vi may bay)*jet lag
- n. an arrangement in which a hotel etc provides bed and breakfast and a meal at
both lunchtime and in the evening*full-board
- n. an arrangement in which a hotel etc provides bed and breakfast and an evening
meal, but no meal at lunchtime*half-board
- n. a set of rooms, especially expensive ones in a hotel*suite
- n . Accommodation for adults in a room with two beds. *twin room
- n. Accommodation for two adults in a room with one bed (alternatively two beds
are made up as one).*double room
- adj. too small and not very pleasant or comfortable*pokey
- adj. dirty and untidy*scruffy
- adj. uncomfortable because cold air is blowing through*draughty
- adj. Showing rudeness and a lack of consideration for other people *discourteous
- adj. too eager to tell people what to do and having too high an opinion of your own
importance (lang xang, nhieu~ su. ) *officious
- adj. bad-tempered and unfriendly*surly
- adj. covered with or full of fat or oil*greasy
- adj. used to describe food that has an unattractive appearance that makes you think
that it will not taste good*unappetizing

Unit 3 organisation
- n. the appearance of sb or sth*guise
- n. a large company that has offices, factories,… in many diffenrent
countries*multinational
- n. a system of organization in which people or things are divided into levels of
importance*hierarchy
- n. the ability to make yourself do the things you know you ought to do, without
someone making you do them*self-discipline
- n. someone who is able to work successfully on their own without needing other
people's help or a lot of instructions*self-starter
- adj. independent, having the ability to work and make decisions by
yourself*autonomous
- v. to force people to accept a rule, punishment, tax,…*impose
- n. a culture in which exact procedures that must be followed are imposed from
above*centralised-culture
- n. a word or phrase from one special area of knowledge that people suddenly think
is very important*buzzword
- n. a system in which people work a particular number of hours each week or
month, but can change the times at which they start and finish each
day*flexitime*flextime
- n. a desk which is used by different workers on different days, instead of by the
same worker every day*hot desk
- n. vie^c. la`m vie^c. tai. nha`*home working
- n. the practice of working from home, communicating with your office, customers
and others by telephone, email, etc*teleworking*telecommuting
- n. nha^n vie^n chu? cho^t cua? cty*core staff
- v. to arrange for sb outside a company to do work or provide goods for that
company*outsource*contract out
- n. the usual or normal situation, way of doing something*norm
- n. a person who works for several employers simultaneously rather than working
full-time for a single employer*portfolio worker
- n. mo^i truong` lam` vie^c. huong vao` ke^t qua? co^ng vie^c.*results-oriented
work environment*ROWE
- adj. having doubts about sth*sceptical
- adj. new, different and likely to have a great effect*radical
- n. an organization where people are continually learning to become multi-skilled,
flexible and ready for anything*a learning organization
- n. an organization in which people use systems and processes to generate,
transform, manage, use, and transfer information to achieve organizational goals* a
knowledge organization
- n. an organization in which employees are its most important asset*a people
organization
- n. an organization in which the business environment is in a state of permanent
transformation*a change organization
- n. an organizaton that employs people with different backgrounds, perspectives,
skills and experiences*a diverse organization
- n. an organization that focuses on how to minimize the cost*a cost-driven
organization
- n. an organization that focuses on doing research to translate technical innovation
into new product*a research-driven organization
- n. an organization in which the employees are given the power to make decisions
on their own*an empowered organization
- n. an organization whose members usually work by electronic means like
computer, e-mail *a virtual organization
- n. an organization which focuses on the customer’s satisfaction*a customer-
driven organization
- n. a formal word that means a business, company, firm*concern
- n. another word of company, especially shows its risk-taking nature*enterprise
- n. tinh chat mao hiem vi loi nhuan cua cong ty*risk-taking nature
- n. a person working alone*freelancer*sefl-employed person*sole trader*sole
owner*sole proprietor
- n. abbreviation of small and medium enterprise*SME
- n. van hoa cty*corporate culture
- n. tru. so? cty*corporate headquarters
- n. hinh` anh? Cty*corporate image
- n. a series by which you can make progress in your company*corporate ladder
- n. loi. Nhua^n. cty*corporate profits
- n. trade*commerce
- n. a group of local business people who work together to help business and trade
in a particular town (phong` thuong mai.)*chamber of commerce
- n. activities that produce profits*money-making business activities
- n. truye^n` hinh` thuong mai.*commercial television
- n. hang` kho^ng da^n dung.*commercial ailine
- n. land that is used for rent or sale to create profit*commercial land
- n. artists who make advertisement*commercial artists
- n. loss, failure in commerce*commercial disaster
- n. companies that belong to the government*state-owned
companies*government-owned companies
- adj. quo^c huu hoa*nationalized
- adj. # with nationalized*privatized
- adj. involving complicated but unnecessary official rules*bureaucratic
- n. business activity owned by individuals rather than the state*free
enterprise*private enterprise
- n. an atmosphere which encourages people to make money through their own
activities and not rely on the government*enterprise culture
- n. an economy where there is an enterprise culture*enterprise economy
- n. part of a country where business is encouraged because ther are fewer laws,
lower taxes, ..*enterprise zone
- v. to earn money by selling your work to several different organizations*freelance
- n. a business owned by two or more people who share the profits*partnership
- n. members of partnership*partners
- n. co^? do^ng*shareholder
- n. the legal position of having to pay only a limited amount of your company’s
debts*limited liability
- n. cty trach nhie^m. huu han.*limited company
- n. cty huu han. co co^? pha^n` duoc giao dich. tre^n thi. truong chung
khoan*public limited company
- n. American word that means a corporation with limited liability
(Inc.)*incorporated
- n. cty bao? hie^m? nha^n tho.*life insurance company
- n. A corporation that is owned by a group of members and that distributes income
in proportion to the amount of business that members do with the company*mutual
- n. a type of mutual that lend money to people who want to buy a house*building
society
- n. a process by which a mutual company becomes a public limited
company*demutualization
- v. verb of “demutualization”*demutualize
- n. a British word that refers to organizations with social aims, not for making
money*non-profit organizations
- n. American word of non-profit organizations*not-for-profit organizations
- n. an organization that gives money, goods, or help poor people (ho^i. tu`
thie^n.)*charity
- n. tinh` nguye^n. vie^n*volunteer
- n. the act of collecting money for a charity*fund-raising
- v. to give money, food, clothes,.. to a charity*donate
- n. noun of donate*donation
- n. the way a company is organized and managed at the higher level*corporate
governance
- n. ban giam do^c*board of directors
- n. a person who actually runs a company*executive director
- n. the person with the highest rank in a company*chief executive
- n. a person who is in high rank in a company*senior manager
- n. giam do^c tai` chinh*finance director
- n. outsiders with management experience who are invited to sit on the board,
bringing their expertise and an outside view*non-executive directors*non-execs
- n. expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject*expertise
- n. a fund which provides retirement income to employees*pension fund
- v. co cho^~ trong BGD*have seats on the board
- v. divide sth into smaller parts*split into
- n. a person who is in charge of a meeting or directs the work of a
company*chairman
- v. ta^p. trung quye^n` luc. trong tay ai do*concentrate power in one person’s
hand
- n. things that are paid to executives, including base salary, bonuses, shares,
options and other company benefits*executive remuneration*executive
compensation
- n. the chance to buy shares in the company cheaply (BrE)*share options
- n. the chance to buy shares in the company cheaply (AmE)*stock options
- n. highly-paid executives (disapproving)*fat cats
- v. protect sb/sth from attack*defend
- v. a person who expresses disapproval of sb/sth*critic
- n. sth that encourages sb to do sth better*incentive
- n. money that you receive when you leave the company*severance
payout*severance payoff
- n. the total pay or financial compensation an executive within a company receives
within a corporation*executive pay
- n. a group of people who are in charge of making decisions in executive
pay*remuneration committee
- n. disapproval of sth*thumb down
- n. phong` hop. BGD*boardroom
- v. to make sth, especially sb’s confidence or authority, weaker*undermine
- v. to make sth happen*trigger
- n. the moral ideas and attitudes that belong to a particular group or society*ethos
- n. an important speech that introduces a meeting and its purpose*keynote speech
- v. to improve sth or make it stronger*bolster
- n. the quality that sb/sth has that make people believe or trust them*credibility
- pharsal verb. to need sth/to publicly ask for sth to happen*call for
- n. an assembly which appoints people to join the board*nomination committee
- v. to work closely with sb and exchange information with them*liaise
- v. to prevent, to hinder*hamper
- adj. created from more than one part, group*unified
- n. to^ng? giam do^c*director-general
- collocation. dat. tie^u chua^n*meet the standards
- n. a very important stage or event in the development of sth*milestone
- adj. extremely large*mammoth
- n. a board which is in charge of sth*oversight board
- n. the most important item*centrepiece
- v. to change a system or method in order to improve it*overhaul
- adj. extremely large in size or amount in a way that most people find unfair,
unacceptable*obscene
- IDM. to do sth that harms sb*do a disservice to sb

unit 4 change
- v. reorganise*restructure
- v. ro reduce the number of employees*downsize
- v. to remove one or more level of management*delayer
- n. staff, all the people working for a company*workforce
- v. to make sth weaker or less effective*dilute
- n. the people who actually produce the goods or services and deal with
customers*front-line employees
- v. to give sb the power to do sth*empower
- n. noun of empower*empowerment
- adj. increasing gradually, happening gradually over time*incremental
- n. the idea or opinon that is formed before you have enough information or
experience, assumption*preconception
- v. to change the structure of a company so that it performs better*re-engineer
- n. su. du thua`*redundancy
- v. to make sb lose confidence or hope*demoralize
- phrasal verb. to force sb to leave a place*throw out
- n. an organizational leader, responsible for ensuring that the organization
maximizes the value it achieves through "knowledge". This person is responsible for
managing intellectual capital and the knowledge Management practices in an
organization*chief knowledge officer
- n. collective knowledge (whether or not documented) of the individuals in an
organization or society*intellectual capital
- n. an Internet-type system available only to the company*intranet
- n. the process through which organizations generate value from their intellectual
and knowledge-based assets*knowledge management
- what does BPR stand for*business process re-engineering
- IDM. to start thinking about a new way of doing sth after a previous plan or idea
has failed*go back to the drawing board
- adj. new, different*radical
- n. ma^t vie^c.*job loss
- pharsal v. to become greater in number*build up
- phr v. to introduce or start using sth gradually in stages over a period of
time*phase in
- phr v. to stop using sth gradually in stages over a period of time*phase out
- v. to become worse*deteriorate
- v. to change frequently, not in any particular trend*fluctuate
- v. to make a system, an organization work better*streamline
- v. to make sth become stricter*tighten up
- v. na^ng ca^p*upgrade
- n. the industry that uses raw materials to make goods*secondary industry
- n. the part of a country’s economy that provides services*tertiary industry
- v. to hire people outside the company*outsource
- v. lam` mo*i, cai? tie^n*renovate
- v. to disappear, to make sth disappear*dissolve
- v. #promote*demote
- n. name of equipment used in the home, for example washing machines and
refrigerators*white goods
- n. electrical goods that provide entertainment at home, such as TV and
computers*brown goods
- n. consumer goods, such as food products, that are consumed and replaced at a fast
rate and have a low profit margin*red goods
- n. in merchandising, consumer goods, such as clothing, that will last for a period
of time but will be replaced, at a moderate rate, because of wear and tear, desire to
change, or change in season, or at the discretion of the consumer*orange goods
- n. in merchandising, nonconsumable household goods, such as refrigerators or
ovens, that are expensive and are usually replaced only after many years of service.
Generally, yellow goods have a high profit margin*yellow goods
- n. unpleasant noise coming from a radio or TV which is turned on but not tuned to
any programme*white noise
- n. the? vang` trong bong da*yellow card
- n. an area of open land around a city where building is strictly controlled*green
belt
- n. official rules that seem more complicated than necessary and prevent things
from being done quickly*red tape
- n. an honour given to the first prize winner in a competition*blue ribbon
- IDM. to owe money to your bank because of excessive spending*be in the red
- IDM. to have money*in the black
- v. to use official authority to collect a tax*levy
- n. an investment which is thought to be safe and likely to make a profit*blue-chip
investment
- adj. involving a lot of danger and risk*high-risk
- v. to vote against sb*blackball
- n. a list of people, countries, products that are disapproved of, and should therefore
be avoided or punished*blacklist
- v. to put people on a blacklist*blacklist
- n. a small spot on the skin, with a black centre*blackhead
- n.thu to^ng tie^n`*black mail
- n. sb who continues to work when other workers are on strike*blackleg
- n. an area of land that has not yet had buildings on it*greenfield site
- n. people workin in an office, rather than in a factory*white-collar workers
- n. people who do physical work in industry*blue-collar workers
- v. to steal money that you are responsible for or that belongs to your
employer*embezzle
- n. the act of stealing the money which belongs to your company*embezzlement
- n. the crime of cheating sb to get money illegally (stating with letter f)*fraud
- n. the crime of buying or selling shares in a company with the help of information
known only by those connected with the business, before this information is available
to everybody*insider dealing
- adj. connected with low-paid jobs done mainly by women*pink-collar
- adj. involving new and interesting ideas which are not yet possible or
practical*blue-sky
- n. a system in which products are imported into a country and sold without the
permission of the company that produced them*grey market
- v. reorganise*restructure
Unit 5 – Money
- v. to increase in amount or number (tang len) *swell to
- n. the force of an electric current, measured in volts (dien ap)*voltage
- ph n. a sting of a thin black and yellow flying insect that can sting you (vet can cua
con ong) *wasp sting
- adj. Incapable of producing any useful result; pointless (vo ich’) *futile
- v. Totally bewilder or perplex *baffle
- n. the amount of profit that you get from something*return on
- n. an amount of money that is paid into a bank account*deposit into
- v. thu loi nhuan *get interest
- n. an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc*loan
- n. an official document promising that a government or company will pay back
money that it has borrowed, often with interest*bond
- n. failure to pay money that you owe at the right time(khong the thanh khoan, vo~
no.) *default in*in default
- n. one of the equal parts into which the ownership of a company is divided*share
- n. that part of the earnings of a corporation that is distributed to its shareholders;
usually paid quarterly*dividend
- n. the amount by which the selling price of an asset exceeds the purchase price; the
gain is realized when the asset is sold (khoan lai~ von’) *capital gain
- v. go bust *go bankrupt
- n. a balance between two opposing things, that you are willing to accept in order
to achieve something (su danh doi?)*trade-off
- n. An investor who invests in a startup venture; higher returns are expected
because of the higher risks (ng dau` tu von’)*venture capitalist
- n. A newly established business (doanh nghiep moi thanh lap)*start-up
- n. a large organization that has a particular kind of work or purpose(dinh
che’)*institution
- n. An investment program funded by shareholders that trades in diversified
holdings and is professionally managed (quy~ dau tu)*mutual fund*unit trust
- n. a large amount of money that a company invests and uses to pay
pensions*pension fund
- n. shares in a company from which the owner of the shares receives some of the
company's profits rather than a fixed regular payment*equity
- n. an exchange for buying and selling commodities for future
delivery*commodities market
- n. the meat derived from the belly of a pig. In the United States, bacon is made
most often from pork bellies.*pork belly
- n. agreements for the buying and selling of goods, in which the price is agreed in
advance of a particular future time at which the goods will be provided (hop dong
tuong lai)*futures
- n. A right to buy or sell a particular thing at a specified price within a set time
(Hop dong quyen chon)*options
- n. An area within an exchange or a bank or securities house where dealers trade in
stocks or other securities (san` giao dich)*trading floor
- n. the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses (bat dong
san)*premises
- n. General term for a bank or financial institution that conducts a securities
investment business.(cong ty chung khoan)*securities house
- n. The total amount of money in circulation or in existence in a country (cung
tien`)*money supply
- n. the most important ideas, rules etc that something is based on (nhung nguyen
tac co ban)*fundamentals
- proverb. something that you say which means you should be careful how much
money you spend because there is only a limited amount*money doesn’t grow on
trees
- If you think someone has too much money, you might say “You’ve got money to
___”*burn
- People with money usually get what they want, you know what they say…. It
means rich people have power and influence *money talks
- They chose the winning numbers on the lottery and suddenly found themselves in
the money.(If you come into a lot of money quickly, you are ________)*in the
money
- If you spend a lot of money on something not very useful or sensible, you ____
it.*blow
- Which word describes someone with little or no money?*skint
- I’d love to help, but I just can’t _________ the time right now. *spare
- You couldn’t ________ me a fiver, could you? *spare
- a 5-dollar bill*fiver
- I don’t get paid for ages and I’ve ___________ money already!*run out of
- If you can’t _____ something (or to do something) you don’t have enough
money.*afford
- Sheena decided to _________ for a new bike by putting half of her pocket money
in a piggy bank every week. *save
- If you are_____you don’t have time to do something.*short of time
- v. to price too high (ban gia’ dat’)*overprice
- v. give a reduction in the price during a sale (giam gia’)*rebate
- adj. Unable to pay debts owed (ko the tra no)*insolvent
- if a government or organization _______ a company, activity etc, it pays part of
its costs*subsidize
- Capital invested in a project in which there is a substantial element of risk,
typically a new or expanding business *venture capital
- The capital of a business that is used in its day-to-day trading operations,
calculated as the current assets minus the current liabilities (von’ luu dong) *working
capital
- Tien ung truoc’ khong lai (accrued interest) the regular and necessary costs, such
as rent and heating that are involved in operating a business*business overheads
- rui ro tin dung*credit risk
- ke hoach huu tri’ *pension plan
- n. a partial payment made at the time of purchase (tien dat coc)*down payment
- quan tri rui ro*risk management
- concealing the source of illegally gotten money (rua tien)*money laundering
- nghiep vu ngan hang o? nuoc’ ngoai`*offshore banking
- thue gia tri gia tang*value added tax
- thu nhap doanh nghiep rong*net operating income
- han che ngan sach’*budgetary constraints
- An arrangement under which sums of money spent in the course of business by an
employee are later reimbursed by their employer (bang ke khai chi tieu)*expense
account
- the amount, expressed as a percentage, that is earned on a company's total capital
calculated by dividing the total capital into earnings before interest, taxes, or
dividends are paid (loi nhuan von’ dau tu)*return on investment
- n. Purchase of a business by its existing management team. *management buyout
- n. an excess of expenditures over revenues (boi chi ngan sach)*budget deficit
- n. A payment given to someone who is laid off or retires early (tro cap thoi viec
som’)*golden handshake
- n. doanh so ban hang *sales figures
- n. cuoc hop ba`n ve` doanh so tieu thu*sales meeting
- n. the amount of business done during a particular period (doanh thu)*turnover
- n. A prediction of the number of units of product or service a co-operative will sell
within a specified time period and at a given price.(du bao’ ban’ hang)*sales forecast
- v. sell something*make a sale
- adj. be available to buy*be on a sale
- n. the number of things sold*unit sales
- n. a company department*sales
- n. a period when a shop is charging less than usual for goods*a sale
- n. a period when many shops are having a sale*the sales
- n. The costs are directly related to providing the product such as salaries…*direct
costs
- n. ______ do not change when production goes up and down such as rent,
heating…*fixed costs
- n. ______ change when production goes up and down such as materials*variable
costs
- n. the variable costs in marking particular goods such as materials and salaries
(COGS)*cost of goods sold
- n. the costs that are not directly related to production *indirect costs
- n. indirect costs *overhead costs*overheads
- n. Some costs, esp. indirect ones, are also called _____ *expenses
- n. the activity of calculating costs*costing
- n. Amounts calculated for particular things are ____*costings
- n. selling price minus direct production costs *gross margin
- n. selling price minus total costs*net margin*profit margin*mark-up
- n. net margin, profit margin*mark-up
- The ______ is usually given as a percentage of the total costs such as 25%*mark-
up
- n. Money received from sales*sales revenue*sales turnover
- n.sales aimed for in particular period*sales target
- n. the number of things sold*sales volume
- n. increase in sales*sales growth
- n. statistics showing the amount sold*sales figures
- n.sales predicted in a particular period*sales forecast
- n. a person who builds boats*boatbuilder
- n. when a business or an activity makes a profit, or the amount of profit it makes
(tinh trang thu dc nhieu lai~)*profitability
- n. opposite of profitability*unprofitability
- v. attain a level at which there is neither gain nor loss, as in business, gambling, or
a competitive sport*break even
- v. dat duoc diem can bang*reach break-even point
- v. lam an thua lo~*make a loss
- adj. not making a profit (thua lo)*loss-making
- n. A product sold at a loss to attract customers (mon hang` ban lo~ de keo
khach)*loss leader
- n. A thing that brings in a profit; ex: We're hoping the show will be a real ______.
(dieu tao ra loi nhuan)*money-spinner
- n. a project that generates a continuous flow of money; moneymaker, money-
spinner (ke hoach tao ra loi nhuan)*cash cow
- n. the act of spending money for goods or services, phi’ to^n? *expenditure
- n. the saving in cost of production that is due to mass production (tinh’ kinh te
nho` qui mo)*economies of scale
- n. A representation of the relationship between volume and product cost, meaning
that as a company increases the volume of production (and market share), the
corresponding per-unit costs should decrease. (duong` cong san luong va` chi
phi)*experience curve
- n. experience curve*learning curve
- v. to send someone or something somewhere for a particular
purpose*dispatch*ship
- n. a list of goods that have been supplied or work that has been done, showing how
much you owe for them*invoice
- n. invoice*bill
- n. the activity of producing and sending invoices*invoicing*billing
- n.invoicing*billing
- n. tin dung thuong mai*trade credit
- With some customers, esp. ones we haven’t dealt with before, we ask them to
____ ______, before they receive the goods*pay upfront
- n. chinh cach tin dung*credit policy
- n. dieu kien thanh toan*payment terms
- n. dong tien*cash flow
- n. a creditor's accounts of money owed to him; normally arise from the sale of
products or services; (tai khoan phai thu)*accounts receivable*receivables
- n. accounts receivable*receivables
- n. tai khoan phai tra*accounts payable*payables
- n. accounts payable*payables
- ph v. to officially say that a debt no longer has to be paid, or officially accept that
you cannot get back money you have spent or lost (xoa bo so no)*write something
off
- n. Cash and other assets that are expected to be converted to cash within a year
(tai san luu dong)*current assets
- n. Asset s that are purchased for long-term use and are not likely to be converted
quickly into cash, such as land, buildings, and equipment (tai san co dinh)*fixed
assets
- n. assets that are saleable though not material or physical*intangible assets
- n. a business that functions without the intention or threat of liquidation for the
foreseeable future, usually regarded as at least within 12 months. (kdoanh co lai~,
kinh doanh co’ tinh thanh khoan cao)*going concern
- n. to chuc tao ra loi nhuan*profit-making operation
- n. khau hao*depreciation*amortization
- v. khau hao*depreciate*amortize
- n. depreciation*amortization
- ph v. deteriorate through use or stress*wear out
- n. The value of a security or asset as entered in a company's books (gia tri so
sach)*book value
- n. A company’s debts to suppliers, lenders, the tax authorities*liabilities
- n. Obligations a company has to others, payable within one year. (tai san no ngan
han)*current liabilities
- n. a statement of how much money a business has earned and how much money it
has paid for goods and services (bang can doi ke toan)*balance sheet
- n. cong ty ke toan*accountancy firm
- n. someone who records the transactions of a business (nguoi giu so
sach)*bookkeeper
- n. The profession or duties of an accountant (nghe ke toan)*accountancy
- n. a qualified accountant who inspects the accounting records and practices of a
business or other organization (nguoi kiem toan’)*auditor
- v. kiem toan’ *audit
- n. when you find ways of explaining how money has been spent, which keep
hidden what has really happened to it (lam dep bao’ cao’ tai chinh)*creative
accounting*window dressing
- n. creative accounting*window dressing
- n. tai khoan lo~*loss account
- n. tieu chuan ke toan*accounting standard
- n. loi nhuan truoc thue*pre-tax profit*pre-tax loss
- n. lai~ rong`*the bottom line
- n. A person who writes a commentary on a text (nha binh luan)*commentator
- n. vo^n’ co^? pha^n`*share capital
- n. vo^n’ vay*loan capital
- n. co^? tuc’*dividend
- n. = share capital*equity
- n. sb who puts up money for a lot of new companies*venture capitalist
- n. the total amount of debt that a company has*indebtedness
- n. the sum of money borrowed (no. go^c’)*principal
- n. an official document that is given by a company, showing it has borrowed
money from a person and stating the interest payments that it will make to them
(gia^y’ nha^n. no.)*debenture
- n. property or sth valuable that you promise to give to sb if you cannot pay back
money that you borrow (tai` san? the^’ cha^p’)*collateral*security
- n. the relationship between loan capital and share capital of a company (don`
ba^y? tai` chinh’)*leverage*gearing
- n. tie^n` gui? nga^n hang`*bank deposit
- n. bank deposits that can only be withdrawn after a certain period of time (tie^n`
gui co’ ki` han.)*time deposit
- n. bank deposits that customers can withdraw whenever they like (tie^n` gui ko ki`
han.)*sight deposit
- n. a measure of the money supply including currency and sight deposits
(M1)*narrow money
- n. tie^n`gui tie^t’ kie^m.*savings deposit
- n. thuong phie^u’*commercial paper
- n. chung’ chi? tie^n` gui?*certificate of deposit
- n. hop. do^ng` mua lai.*repurchase agreement*repo
- n. an open-end mutual fund which invests only in money market (quy~ da^u` tu
thi. truong` tie^n` te^.)*money market fund
- n. to^c’ do^. luu tho^ng tie^n` te^.*velocity of circulation
- n. nga^n hang` trung uong*central bank
- n. tie^n` ro^ng.(M2)*broad money
- n. nha` quan? li’ tie^n` te^. (thuong la ngan hang` TW)*monetary authorities
- n. chinh’ sach tien te*monetary policy
- n. the rate at which the central bank lends short-term funds to commercial
banks*discount rate
- n. ti? le^. du. tru~ bat buoc*reserve-asset ratio
- n. nguoi gui tien*depositor
- n. tin’ phie^u’ kho bac.*treasury bill
- n. nghie^p. vu. thi. truong` mo?*open-market operation
- n. the person who support the policy of controlling the amount of money available
in a country as a way of keeping the economy strong*monetarist
economist*monetarist
- n. an increase in the amount of money in the economy*monetary growth
- n. rua? tie^n`*money laundering
- n. a law or other rule which has legal status*statutory instrument
- v. to obey a rule, an order, etc*comply with
- v. to prevent sth from happening or sb from doing sth by doing sth first*forestall
- v. to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule*contravene
- v. the act of finding sb guilty of a crime in court; the fact of having been found
guilty*conviction
- n. the act of officially accusing sb of a crime*indictment
- n. the transaction which is made or happening only once and not regularly*one-off
transaction
- n. an official action or decision that has happened in the past and that is seen as an
example or a rule to be followed in a similar situation later*precedent
- n. the process of trying to prove in court that sb is guilty of a crime*prosecution
- n. tinh’ thanh khoan?*liquidity
- n. in-coming and out-going of money*cash flow
- n. the length of time befor a bond becomes repayable*maturity
- n. me^nh. gia’*nominal value*par value*face value
- v. pay a debt*redeem*pay back
- n. a tax on the profits people make from selling investments (= things in which
they have invested money), such as shares or property*capital gains taxincorm tã
-
- n. a tax that is added to the price of goods and services*value-added tax
- n. the amount of money that you pay to the government according to how much
you earn*income tax
- n. a tax that only very rich people have to pay*wealth tax
- n. a tax which is collected directly from the person who pays it, for example
income tax*direct tax
- n. thue gian’ thu*indirect tax
- n. a tax that takes more money from people with higher incomes than from people
with lower incomes (thue^’ luy~ tie^n’)*progressive tax
- n. a tax that has less effect on the rich than on the poor*regressive tax
- n. former UK tax on the transfer of assests*capital transfer tax
- n. a tax that you have to pay in addition to the cost of something you are
buying*sales tax
- n. ways of paying only the smallest amount of tax that you legally have to*tax
avoidance
- n. the crime of deliberately not paying all the taxes that you should pay*tax
evasion
- n. the process of using unusual but not illegal ways to change business accounts to
make them look better than they really are*creative accounting
- n. chinh’ sach’ tai` khoa’*fiscal policy
- n. thue^’ hang` ban’ trong nuoc*excise duty
- n. phuong phap kha^u’ hao nhanh*accelerated depreciation method
- n. the amount of tax that companies must pay according to their
profit*corporation tax*income tax
- n. the tax people pay on any additional income*marginal rate
- n. a thing that makes sb less willing to do sth, #incentive*disincentive
- n. thue^’ sua^t’*tax rate
- n. kinh te^’ nga^m`*black economy*underground economy
- v. to have a second job that you do secretly, usually without paying tax on the
extra money that you earn*moonlight
- n. part-time evening jobs*moonlighting
- n.something you receive as well as your wages for doing a particular job*perk
- n. legal way of avoiding tax*a loophole in tax law
- n. a way of using or investing money so that you can legally avoid paying tax on
it*tax shelter
- adj. that can be taken off your income before the amount of tax that you have to
pay is calculated*tax-deductible
- n. a country where taxes are low*tax haven
- v. to hide sth or change it, so that it cannot be recognized*disguise
- n. someone who works for the government, deciding how much tax a person or
company should pay*tax inspector
- n. ti? gia’ tha? no^i?*floating exchange rate
- n. ti? gia’ co^’ dinh.*fixed exchange rate
- n. the ending of a law, a system or an institution*abolition
- n. tinh’ co’ the^? chuye^n? do^i?*convertibility
- v. to fix or keep prices, wages, etc. at a particular level*peg
- n. a signed document containing a promise to pay a stated amount of money
before a particular date*promissory note
- v. to put too high a value on sth*overvalue
- v. # overvalue*undervalue
- n. the fact of the units of money of two different countries being equal*parity
- n. the floating exchange rate that is determined purely by supply and
demand*freely floating exchange rate*clean floating exchange rate
- n. a person who supports an idea or course of action*proponent
- n. freely floating exchange rate*managed floating exchange rate*dirty floating
exchange rate
- n. the way that the behaviour of buyers and sellers affects the levels of prices and
wages, without any influence from the government*market forces
- idiom. to leave sb/sth in a situation that may cause them to suffer or to be treated
badly* leave sb/sth at the mercy of sb/sth
- v. to separate and go in different directions (pha^n ki`)*diverge
- v. get involved in a situation in order to help it*intervene
- adj. coming or happening late*belated
- v. to express an amount of money using a particular unit*denominate

Unit 6 bank
- n. commercial bank*retail bank
- n. a person who has deposited money in a bank or similar institution (nguoi goi
tien)*depositor
- v. cho vay*grant loan
- ph v. make money available for someone to borrow (tao tien tin dung)*create
credit
- n. du tru bat buoc *reserve requirement
- v. cause to conform to standard or norm (tieu chuan hoa)*standardize
- n. nhung dieu khoan va dieu kien *terms and conditions
- n. Phuong phap danh gia rui ro*risk assessment method
- n. so du tai khoan*balance
- n. A deficit in a bank account caused by drawing more money than the account
holds (boi chi)*overdraft
- n. A bank that purchases large holdings of newly issued shares and resells them to
investors, works with big companies *investment bank
- n. an offer to buy shares in order to take over the company (no~ luc mua du? co?
phieu’ de lam chu mot cty)*takeover bid
- n. building societies*savings and loans associations
- n. a large business organization consisting of several different companies that have
joined together (tap doan, to chuc doanh nghiep)*conglomerate
- n. a bank which exchanges cheques with other banks through a central
organization, ngan hang` thanh toan’ bu` tru` *clearning bank
- n. trung gian phi ngan hang *non-bank financial intermediary
- v. bao hiem *underwrite
- n. chao` ban’ lan dau` cho cong chung’ (IPOs)*initial public offerings
- n. Initial public offerings [AmE -> BrE] (khai truong)*flotation
- n. hop nhat va mua lai*mergers and acquisitions
- v. to sell your shares in a company or to stop taking part in a business
activity*disinvest
- n. The action or process of selling off subsidiary business interests or investments
*divesture
- n. cong ty tu van*consulting firm
- n. su dinh gia’*valuation
- n. on dinh tai chinh’*financial stability
- n. ty le du tru bat buoc*reserve-asset ratio
- n. the concerted action of depositors who try to withdraw their money from a bank
because they think it will fail*a bank run* a run on the bank
- n. what you will do if everything else fails (giai phap cuoi cung`)*resort
- n. (goi’) cuu’ tro*bailout
- n. thi truong tien te*currency market
- n. lai suat chiet khau*discount rate
- n. the difference between the interest rates they charge borrowers and the rates
they pay to depositors*margin*spread
- n. kha nang chi tra*creditworthiness
- n. muc tin nhiem*credit standing*credit rating
- n. kha nang thanh toan trong tuong lai*future solvency
- n.lai suat tha noi*floating interest rate*variable interest rate
- n. floating interest rate*variable interest rate
- n. Phuong thuc mua tra gop (HP)*hire purchase*leasing purchase
- n. khoan? tie^n` lai~ co^’ dinh.*fix interest payment
- n. vo^n’ go^c’*principal
- n. ngay` dao’ han.*maturity date
- n. khoan? da^u` tu phi rui? ro*risk-free investment
- n. trai’ phie^u’ chinh’ phu?*government bond
- n. trai’ phie^u’ co^ng ty*corporate bond
- adj. very safe (finance)*gilt-edged
- n.government bonds (BrE)*gilt-edged stock*just gilts
- n. government bonds which have a maturity of 2-10 years*Treasury notes
- n. government bonds which have a maturity of less than 1 year*Treasury bills
- n. government bonds which have a maturity of 10-30 years*Treasury bonds
- n. someone who owns bonds*bondholder
- n. the company issuing bonds*borrower
- n. a judgement made by a bank, etc. about how likely sb is to pay back money that
they borrow, and how safe it is to lend money to them*credit rating
- n. a bank or company that provides credit rating*credit agency
- v. to give a rank to bonds*grade*rate
- v. fail to pay interest or to repay the principal*default
- adj. unable to pay interest or repay the capital*insolvent
- v. to give a market price for shares, gold or foreign money*quote
- adj. opposite in amount or position to sth else*inverse
- n. the difference between two rates or prices*spread
- n. bonds whose interest rate varies with market interest rates*floating rate notes
- n. bonds that the owner can later change into shares*convertible
shares*convertibles
- n. bonds that pay no interest but are sold at a big discount on their par value (trai’
phie^u’ chie^t’ kha^u’)*zero coupon bonds
- n. bonds with a low credit rating, but paying a high interest rate*junk bonds
- n. A once-popular security that has lost investor favor and has declined in
value*fallen angel
- n. when someone borrows money to buy all or most of the stock of a company by
promising to pay the bank back by selling the company's assets if they cannot pay
back the money they borrowed*leveraged buyout
- n. futures contracts based on goods*commodity futures
- n. hop. do^ng` ki`han.*forward contract
- n. hop do^ng` tuong lai*futures contract
- n. goods or shares that are bought at agreed prices but that will be delivered and
paid for at a later time*futures
- n. a product that can be bought and sold*commodity
- phrasal verb. to try to protect yourself against possible problems, especially
financial loss*hedge against
- n. hop. do^ng` dc chua^n? hoa’*standardized contracts
- n. hop. hop. do^ng` ko dc chua^n? hoa’*non-standardized contracts
- n. the price that would be paid for immediate delivery (gia’ giao ngay)*spot price
- n. a market condition in which futures prices are lower than the spot
price*backwardation
- n. a person who hope to profit from price change*speculator
- n. futures contracts based on financial instruments*financial futures
- n. a situation in which what is gained by one person or group is lost by another
person or group*zero-sum game
- n. cac’ chung’ khoan’ co’ thu nha^p. co^’ dinh.*fixed income securities
- n. financial products whose value depends on another financial
product*derivatives
- n. the right to buy an asset at a special price within a particular period of time*call
option
- n. the right to sell an asset at a special price within a particular period of time*put
option
- v. thu*c. hie^n. quye^n` chon.*exercise the option
- n. the price at which a specific derivative contract can be exercised*strike
price*exercise price
- n. a security that permits its owner to purchase a specific number of shares of
stock at a predetermined price. It has long maturity of up to ten years*warrant
- n. agreements between institutions to exchange interest rates or currencies*swaps
- n. quan? li’ tai` san?*asset management
- n. a group of stocks owned by a particular person or company*portfolio
- v. pha^n bo^? (tie^n` hoac time vao` vie^c. gi`)*allocate
- v. to put money into several different types of investment instead of only one or
two*diversify
- n. the amount of financial risk that a company or person has*exposure
- n. tich’ luy~ vo^n’*capital accumulation
- n. bao? toan` vo^n’*capital preservation
- adj. unstable, likely to change suddenly; easily becoming dangerous*volatile
- n. the strategy of buying and selling frequently, adapting the portfolio to the
market’s change*active strategy
- n. the strategy of buying and holding securities, leaving the position unchanged for
a long time*passive strategy
- n. a fund which tries to follow the movements of a stock market index*index-
linked fund*tracker fund
- v. to make more than average returns from the market*outperform the market
- n. private investment funds for wealthy investors*hedge funds
- v. to collect money, information, etc. from different people so that it can be used
by all of them*pool
- n.a situation where an investor buys securities with the intention of holding them
in anticipation of a price increase*long position
- n. a situation in which the investor sells securities they think will decrease in
value, but which they have not yet purchased (ban’ kho^ng’)*short position
- n. the method on the stock exchange of buying something in one place and selling
it in another place at the same time, in order to make a profit from the difference in
price in the two places*arbitrage
- n. financial instruments which are customized depending on customer’s
requirement and changes in the markets*structured products
- n. thi. truong` thu’ ca^p’*secondary market
- n. co^? phie^u’ moi phat hanh`*newly issued shares
- n. ngan hang` da^u` tu*investment bank
- n. thi. truong` so ca^p’*primary market
- A public limited company is the company that is ______ on the stock exchange.
(duoc nie^m ye^t’)*listed
- n. me^nh. gia’*nominal price
- v. co^ng bo^’ tho^ng tin tai` chinh’*publish financial information
- n. thi. gia’*market price
- n. he^. tho^ng’ giao dich. tu. do^ng.*automatic trading system
- n. mo^i gioi’ chung khoan’*stockbroker
- n. profit, an increase in the price of sth based on the difference between the cost of
producing it and the price it is sold at*mark-up
- n. a new share issue offered to existing shareholders first*rights issue
- n. lo*i. nhua^n. giu~ lai.*retained earnings
- n. shares that companies have bought back from the secondary market*own
shares
- v. to provide a company etc. with the money it needs to function, to sell
possessions in order to change them into money*capitalize
- n. tie^n` thang. du*surplus cash
- n. A free issue of shares to shareholders, in proportion to their existing holdings
(do*t. phat’ hanh` co^? phie^u’ thuong?)*scrip issue*capitalization issue*bonus issue
- n. stock market*equity market
- n. stocks in large companies with a repution for quality, reliability and
profitability*blue chips
- n. nha` da^u` tu to^? chuc’*institutional investor
- n. stocks that are eexpected to regularly rise in value*growth stocks
- n. stocks that have a history of paying consistently high dividends*income stocks
- n. stocks that provide a regular dividends and stable earnings, but whose value is
not expected to rise or fall very much*defensive stocks
- n. stocks that investors believe are currently trading for less than they are
worth*value stoks
- n. chi? so^’ chung’ khoan’*stock index
- if a stock market or shares ______, they suddenly lose a lot of value*crash
- n. investors who expect prices to rise*bulls
- n. investors who expect prices to fall*bears
- if something is ___________, too many people have said that they want to use it
or have it*oversubscribed
- n. investors who buy new share issues hoping that they will be
oversubscribed*stags
- n. a period during which share prices are rising and people are buying shares*bull
market
- n. a period in which the value of stocks is decreasing*bear market
- n. a profit that stockholders make by selling their stocks at a higher price than they
paid for them*capital gain
- adj. co’ kem` co^? tuc’*cum div
- adj. # cum div*ex div
- n. the day on which purchased securities are due for delivery to the buyer and
payment is due to be made to the seller*settlement day
- n. people who buy stocks and sell them again before the settlement day*day
traders
- n. ngay` lam` vie^c.*business day
- n. tie^n` hoa ho^ng`*commission
- n. news that affects a company’s value*price-sensitive information
- n. thuye^t’ buoc’ di ngau^u~ nhie^n*random walk hypothesis
- n. thuye^t’ thi. truong` hie^u. qua?*efficient market hypothesis
- n. risks that affect individual companies*unsystematic risks
- n. rui? ro he^. tho^ng’*systematic risk
- n. 1 danh muc. da^u` tu da dang.*a diversified portfolio
- Adj. Without charge or pay interest * interest-free banking
- Adj. PLS * profit and loss sharing
- N. ___________ arrangement beween the depositors and bank that allows the
depositors to withdraw their money at any time and permit bank to use this money *
safekeeping
- N. von ngan han * short term capital
- N. kind of company invest money to venture project * venture capital company
- N venture capital * risk capital*start-up capital
- N. gia tang nguon von “ rasing capital
- Adj Banks are usually ______. This mean they are unwilling to lend to new
companies where there is a danger that they won’t get back their money *risk- aserve
- N. Rich people who lend their money *high net worth individial* angel
investor* angels
- N. ty suat loi tuc trung binh *average rate of return
- N. a strategy that invests in share a unlisted company and sells it after company
listed to gain profit *exit strategy
- N. the action in which companies find futhur capital to expand before they join a
stock exchange *mezzanize financing
- N. trai phieu co the chuyen doi thanh co phieu *convertible bonds
- N. The certificates representing part ownership of a company *stocks and shares
- N. In britain, what is used to refer to all kind of securities *stock
- V phrase. change from a private company to a public limited company(PLC) by
selling shares to outside investors for the first time (with a flotation) *go public
- N. a detailed examination of a company and its financial situation *due diligence
report
- N. a document inviting the public to buy shares, stating the terms and giving info
about the company including details about senior managers and the financial results
from previous years (giay cao bach)* prospectus
- N. details about sales, costs, debts, profits, losses, etc. *financial results
- N. IPOs in AmE *flotation*floatation
- N. guarantees to buy the shares if there are not enough other buyer *underwrite a
stock issue
- N a kind of shares that you receive a unfixed devidend and after preference shares
*ordinary shares
- N. # Ordinary shares *preference shares
- V phrase. thanh toan no, thanh ly tai san de tra no *go into liquidation
- N he thong giao dich tu dong * computerized automatic trading system
- V. khop lenh *match up
- V. who are alway already to buy or sell variable stocks at the price they quote,
offer *market maker