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W. Montgomery , Watt
wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Montgomery_Watt
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www.as.ua.edu/rel/aboutrelbiowcsmith.html
Karl Marx
Communist Manifesto
Das Kapital
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- Thomas Patrick Hughes
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- Philip. Hitti
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www.hist.Canterbury.ac.nz/about/history.shtml
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Gibb.
- Sir .Hamilton A .R
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-- Thomas Carlyle
- Dante Alighieri
Devina
Commedia
- Ulrich Zwingli
Socrates
Heracles
- George Sale
Goethe
Anglican
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1. Becker, C.H. The Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. II, The
expansion of the saracens’ Cambridge University Press, 1913.
2. Berry, G.L. Religions of the world. New York: Barnes & Noble,
1965.
3. Bevan, A.A. Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. II. Mahomet and
Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1913.
4 Carlyle, Thomas. Sartor Resartus On Heroes and Hero Worship.
London, Everyman’s Library, 1964.
5. Carmichael, Joel. The Shaping of the Arabs. London: 1967.
6. Cash, W.Wilson. The Expansion of Islam. London: 1940.
7 Cave, Sydney. An Introduction to the Study of Some Living
Religions, 1906.
8 Djait, Hichem. Europe and Islam, trans. Peter Heinegg. London:
University of California Press, 1985.
9 Draper, John William. History of the Intellectual Development of
Europe London: George Bell & Sons 1991.
10 Gibb, Hamilton. Mohammadanism: A Historical Survey, Oxford
University Press 1950.
11 Gibbon, Edward. The decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Vol.
II, The Modern Library, New York.
12 Gibbon, Edward. The decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Vol.
V. London, Everyman’s Library, 1957.
13 Glubb, John Bagot. The life and Times of Muhammad. New York:
Stein and day 1971.
14 Glubb, John Bagot. The Empire of the Arabs. London: 1963.
15 Grunebaum, Gustave. E. Medieval Islam, Chicago, 1947.