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Exercise. Write molecular, total & net ionic rxns for the following:
Oxidation numbers-
numbers- bookkeeping system for keeping track of e-
e-
• these are values we assign; don’t necessarily correspond to true number of e-
gained or lost by atom
• write +/- sign before number instead of after
Rules
1) Uncombined elements: ox number = 0. E.g. Na or O2
2) monatomic ion: ox number = charge for ion; S2-: ox # = -2; Mg2+: ox # = +2
3) H: ox # = +1 (except for MH compounds, H = -1)
4) O: ox # = -2 (except O 22− , O = -1,
5) F: ox # = -1; other halogens usually –1 except when combined with O
6) polyatomic: sum of ox #’s = charge on ion
neutral compound: sum of ox #’s = 0
E.g. assign ox #’s to atoms in the following:
1. SF2 F: -1; S: +2
2. CO 32− O: -2 C + 3(-2) = -2 ⇒ C + -6 = -2 ⇒ C= +4
3. ClO 3− O: -2 Cl + 3(-2) = -1 ⇒ Cl + -6 = -1 ⇒ Cl = +5
4. HNO3 H: +1; O: -2; +1 + N + 3(-2) = 0 ⇒ N –5 = 0 ⇒ N = +5
1. What is the molarity of Na+ and PO 34− ions in a 0.25 M solution of Na3PO4?
0.25 mol Na 3 PO4 3 mol Na +
= 0.75 M Na +
1L 1 mol Na 3 PO4
0.25 mol Na 3 PO4 1 mol PO43−
= 0.25 M PO43−
1L 1 mol Na 3 PO4
a) V2 =
M 1V1
=
(0.69 M )(750 mL ) = 32 mL
M2 16 M
b) 750 mL - 32 mL = 728 mL
2) What is the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 125 ml of 0.400 M KCl to
1000 mL of KCl solution?
M1 = 0.400 M KCl; V1 = 125 mL; M2 = ?; V2 = 125 mL + 875 mL = 1000 mL
M2 =
M 1V1
=
(0.400 M )(125 mL ) = 0.0500 M
V2 1000 mL