The Camel Model: A Model for Career Planning in a Hierarchy

Document Information:
Title: The Camel Model: A Model for Career Planning in a Hierarchy
Author(s): G.A. Keenay, (Civil Service Department), R.W. Morgan, (University Engineering Department,
Cambridge), K.H. Ray, (Northamptonshire County Council)
Citation: G.A. Keenay, R.W. Morgan, K.H. Ray, (1977) "The Camel Model: A Model for Career Planning in a
Hierarchy", Personnel Review, Vol. 6 Iss: 4, pp.43 - 50
Article
General review
type:
DOI: 10.1108/eb055346 (Permanent URL)
Publisher: MCB UP Ltd
Abstract: Many large organizations employ staff who make the greater part of their careers within the
organization. Today's recruits are tomorrow's senior managers and so the planning of the careers
of the staff is often undertaken with some care. The planners will want to avoid both shortages of
suitably experienced staff for promotion to senior levels, and surpluses with their attendant
problems of early retirement and redundancy schemes.

Private camel library brings hope to pastoralists: the Kenyan experience

Document Information:
Title: Private camel library brings hope to pastoralists: the Kenyan experience
Author(s): Richard Masaranga Atuti, (Principal Researcher, Librarian, Kenya National Library Service, Nyeri,
Kenya), J.R. Ikoja-Odongo, (Lecturer, EASLIS, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.)
Citation: Richard Masaranga Atuti, J.R. Ikoja-Odongo, (1999) "Private camel library brings hope to
pastoralists: the Kenyan experience", Library Review, Vol. 48 Iss: 1, pp.36 - 42
Keywords: Kenya, Library services, Mobile libraries, Rural areas
Article
Research paper
type:
DOI: 10.1108/00242539910256354 (Permanent URL)
Publisher: MCB UP Ltd
Abstract: Discusses an innovation in the Kenya National Library Service, the Camel Library Service (CLS) in
North Eastern Province, Kenya. Highlights results of an investigation of the impact and the
feasibility of the CLS pilot project and its compatibility to the lifestyle of nomadic pastoralists. The
instruments used in the survey included questionnaires, interviews, documentary analysis and a
literature search. Data from the field was adapted, coded, summarized statistically and analyzed
using the Statistical Package for Social Services (SPSS). The findings show that animal transport
(camel) as a mobile library provides an adequate alternative and successful model for a service on
wheels. The CLS was also found an effective channel of maximizing the use of National Library
information resources by nomadic pastoralists. A review of its performance indicates the project is
viable and can be adapted, replicated and expanded.

CAMELs and Banks Performance Evaluation: The Way Forward

 Wirnkar Alphonsius Dzeawuni Sr. 
Gombe State University, Gombe

Dr. Muhammad Tanko II 

Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) - Department Of Accounting

June 24, 2008

Abstract:      
Despite the continuous use of financial ratios analysis on banks performance evaluation by banks'
regulators, opposition to it skill thrive with opponents coming up with new tools capable of flagging the
over-all performance ( efficiency) of a bank. This research paper was carried out; to find the adequacy
of CAMEL in capturing the overall performance of a bank; to find the relative weights of importance in all
the factors in CAMEL; and lastly to inform on the best ratios to always adopt by banks regulators in
evaluating banks' efficiency. The data for the research work is secondary and was collected from the
annual reports of eleven commercial banks in Nigeria over a period of nine years (1997 - 2005). The
purposive sampling technique was used. The presentation of data was in tables and analyzed via the
Efficiency Measurement System (EMS) 1.30 software of Holger School and independent T-test equation.
The findings revealed the inability of each factor in CAMEL to capture the wholistic performance of a
bank. Also revealed, was the relative weight of importance of the factors in CAMEL which resulted to a
call for a change in the acronym of CAMEL to CLEAM. In addition, the best ratios in each of the factors
in CAMEL were identified. For example, the best ratio for Capital Adequacy was found to be the ratio of
total shareholders' fund to total risk weighted assets. The paper concluded that no one factor
in CAMEL suffices to depict the overall performance of a bank. Among other recommendations, banks'
regulators are called upon to revert to the best identified ratios in CAMEL when evaluating banks
performance.

Working Paper Series

Private camel library brings hope to pastoralists: the Kenyan experience

Document Information:

Title: Private camel library brings hope to pastoralists: the

Kenyan experience

Author(s): Richard Masaranga Atuti, (Principal Researcher,

Librarian, Kenya National Library Service, Nyeri,
Kenya), J.R. Ikoja-Odongo, (Lecturer, EASLIS,
Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.)

Keywords: Kenya, Library services, Mobile libraries, Rural areas

Abstract: Discusses an innovation in the Kenya National Library

Service, the Camel Library Service (CLS) in North
Eastern Province, Kenya. Highlights results of an
investigation of the impact and the feasibility of the
CLS pilot project and its compatibility to the lifestyle
of nomadic pastoralists. The instruments used in the
survey included questionnaires, interviews,
documentary analysis and a literature search. Data
from the field was adapted, coded, summarized
statistically and analyzed using the Statistical
Package for Social Services (SPSS). The findings show
that animal transport (camel) as a mobile library
provides an adequate alternative and successful
model for a service on wheels. The CLS was also
found an effective channel of maximizing the use of
National Library information resources by nomadic
pastoralists. A review of its performance indicates
the project is viable and can be adapted, replicated
and expanded.
 A CAMEL Rating's Shelf Life

Rebel A. Cole 
DePaul University - College of Commerce

Jeffery Gunther 
Federal Reserve Banks - Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas

December 31, 1995

Abstract:      
How quickly do the CAMEL ratings regulators assign to banks during on-site examinations become
"stale"? One measure of the information content of CAMEL ratings is their ability to discriminate between
banks that will fail and those that will survive. To assess the accuracy of CAMEL ratings in predicting
failure, Rebel Cole and Jeffery Gunther use as a benchmark an off-site monitoring system based on
publicly available accounting data. Their findings suggest that, if a bank has not been examined for more
than two quarters, off-site monitoring systems usually provide a more accurate indication of survivability
than its CAMEL rating. The lower predictive accuracy for CAMEL ratings "older" than two quarters causes
the overall accuracy of CAMEL ratings to fall substantially below that of off-site monitoring systems. The
higher predictive accuracy of off-site systems derives from both their timeliness-an updated off-site rating
is available for every bank in every quarter-and the accuracy of the financial data on which they are
based. Cole and Gunther conclude that off-site monitoring systems should continue to play a prominent
role in the supervisory process, as a complement to on-site examinations.

Keywords: Bank, Bank Failure, CAMEL, Commercial Bank, Offsite Supervision, Regulation

JEL Classifications: G21, G28

Financial Analysis for Bank of Palestine & Jordan Ahli Bank (Camel Analysis) 2004-2006

Osama K. Najjar 
affiliation not provided to SSRN

May 1, 2008

Abstract:      
At the beginning of our study we will focus on economic analysis for Jordan and Palestine state. Then we
will add additional analysis for the banking sector in both of Palestine and Jordan. The main target for this
study to analysis in details the performance for Jordan Ahli bank and Bank of Palestine and we will
use CAMEL analysis to reach to fair stock price depending on fundamental analysis.

Keywords: Banks, Palestine, Jordan, Financial Analysis

CAMEL Based Derived W-Score Function for Banks Performance Evaluation: An Urgent Necessity

Wirnkar Alphonsius Dzeawuni Sr. 

Gombe State University, Gombe

March 7, 2009

Abstract:      
While the consequences of the credit crunch appear all too apparent, the intricacies of the complex
financial instruments involved, combined with the vast sweep of the global financial system, seem to defy
explanation. Attempts to accuse negligent regulators, fraudulent brokers and greedy borrowers cast much
blame but little light on the causes of the crises. This paper has as its primary objective not to advise on
the measures to be taken to combat the present economic state but to derive an integral CAMEL based
function that can be used by banks regulators and managements to check, monitor, identify and correct
emerging problems at short notice on a daily, weekly, monthly or annul basis before they become out-of-
bounds or unbearable. The data for this research work is secondary. The study builds on the coefficients
of the identified best ratios for CAMEL now CLEAM as in Wirnkar and Tanko (2008) at SSRN
http://ssrn.com/abstract=1150968. Statistical techniques are used to further manipulate the data towards
arriving at the objective of the paper. The paper derived a function known as the W-Score. That is W-
Score =0.20886579C-0.197883635L 0.197834192E-0.197730975A-0.197685405M. The respective W-
scores for best performing bank, average performing bank and least performing bank were ascertained.
Margins of safety for each component in CAMEL were also computed. As one of the recommendations of
this paper, bank' regulators and those in academia are implored to test the efficacy of
the CAMEL (CLEAM) derived function and certify its application in the banking industry.

Keywords: Credit Crunch, Global Financial Meltdown, Bank Performance, Camel, CLEAM, W-Score

Function

JEL Classifications: G21, G34

The Spider, the Bee, the Snail and the Camel: Legal Knowledge, Practise, Culture, Institutions and
Power in a Changing World

Harry W. Arthurs 
Osgoode Hall Law School - York University

2005
CLPE Research Paper No. 1 
Abstract:      
This keynote address, delivered on the occasion of the 5th Canadian Graduate Law Students
Conference, held in Toronto on May 6.7, 2005, addresses the challenges for legal theory, legal practice
and education in a globalized environment. Legal education is described as deeply embedded in the
changing political economy of legal scholarship and legal practice. With increased subjection of law
schools to allegedly clearly definable market demands, strong winds blow through the law schools in
North-America and elsewhere. From the LL.B./J.D. program through graduate studies, curricular reform
becomes enmeshed in larger considerations of greater inter-school competition and greater compatibility
to the outside world. In the midst of it, the aims of the law, its potential and its limits, move out of sight.

Keywords: Legal Education, Globalization, Legal Theory

JEL Classifications: K1, K33

Alienating Justice: On the Social Surplus Value of the Twelfth Camel

Gunther Teubner 
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität

LAW'S NEW BOUNDARIES: CONSEQUENCES OF LEGA AUTOPOIESIS, David Nelken, Jiri Priban,
eds., Ashgate, London, pp. 21-44, 2001 
Abstract:      
Taking Niklas Luhmann's essay on the Return of the twelfth camel as a starting point, the article deals
with some major consequences of legal autopoiesis, but shifts the focus from law's internal self-reference
to the external relations of law to society. It uses the idea of re-entry by Spencer Brown to analyse the
problematic relation between the legal and the extra-legal. Consequence is a multiple alienation of law
from its social origins. In this perspective the article begins to redefine four topics of social theory of law:
the role of legal argument in litigation, the co-evolution of law and social production regimes, the potential
of the social sciences in legal reality constructs, and the reconstruction of collective actors, particularly of
the new ecological actants, in the legal discourse.

Keywords: legal autopoiesis, legal alienation, re-entry of the extra-legal, co-evolution of law and social
production regimes, legal person

JEL Classifications: K10, K40

The Camel's Nose is in the Tent: Rules, Theories and Slippery Slopes

Mario J. Rizzo 
New York University (NYU) - Department of Economics

Douglas Glen Whitman 

California State University, Northridge - Department of Economics

November 15, 2002

Abstract:      
The authors provide a general theory for understanding and evaluating slippery slope arguments (SSAs)
and their associated slippery slope events (SSEs). The central feature of the theory is a structure of
discussion within which all arguments take place. The structure is multi-layered, consisting of decisions,
rules, theories,and research programs. Each layer influences and shapes the layer beneath: rules
influences decisions, theories influence the choice of rules, and research programs influence the choice
of theories. In this structure, SSAs take the form of meta-arguments, as they purport to predict the future
development of arguments in this structure. Evaluating such arguments requires having knowledge of the
specific content of the structure of discussion itself. The Article then presents four viable types of slippery
slope argument, draws attention to four different factors that (other things equal) tend to incxrease the
likelihood of slippery slopes, and explores a variety of strategies for coping with slippery slopes.

Keywords: slippery slope arguments, structure of discussion (argument), rules, unintended

consequences

JEL Classifications: K10

The Glue that Binds or the Straw that Broke the Camel's Back? Exploring the Implications of U.S.
Reengagement in Global Climate Change Negotiaitions

Cinnamon Piñon Carlarne 

University of South Carolina - School of Law

Tulane Journal of International & Comparative Law, Forthcoming  

Abstract:      
For many years the roles of the main state players in climate politics were well defined, if not desirable.
The United States was the rogue state; the European Union was the vocal champion; the rapidly
developing economies were the understandably absent but essential missing links and the small island
states and the least developed countries were the indignant victims. Recent global climate negotiations,
however, reveal the extent to which political roles and relationships are in flux and a new, more complex
political alignment is emerging. 

Leading up to 2009, the global community had long pressed the United States to re-engage in
international climate policy and to implement progressive domestic action on climate change. The United
States had been viewed as “the indispensable nation” whose presence or absence from international
climate negotiations controlled the ability of the international community to build a meaningful global
climate regime. Heeding these calls, and led by President Barack Obama, the United States actively re-
engaged in international climate negotiations leading up to, and during the 2009 Copenhagen Climate
Change Conference. The rapid re-engagement of the United States in international climate politics in
2009, however, failed to offer the panacea needed to facilitate global consensus and action on climate
change. Instead, U.S. efforts to renew global climate leadership revealed the extent to which global power
is now shared among key nation-states. In this way, negotiations at the Copenhagen Climate Conference
began to reveal the parameters of a new political order. The United States, China and India are at the
center of that political order, with China increasingly revealing the extent to which it can control global
negotiations. 

Following this realignment, a central question confronting the global community is whether the re-ordering
advances efforts to create a global framework for addressing climate change or, in fact, prompts
devolution of power to a smaller group of political players. That is, has the United States unwittingly ceded
its position as the “indispensable nation” to China and, if so, what are the consequences not only for the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process but also for alternative or
parallel efforts to structure an effective and equitable global climate change regime. 

To begin to unpack these questions, Part II of this Article examines the evolution of climate politics from
1997–2010. Part II first considers the value of the popular narrative of global climate change politics,
which focuses on singling out political leaders and laggards, before looking individually at the evolving
roles of the United States and China in global climate politics. Part II continues by discussing how 2009
turned out to be an eventful year for global climate politics, beginning with great optimism but ultimately
ending amongst dissolution and divergence Part III examines, in more detail, the events of the
Copenhagen Climate Change Conference to reveal the extent to which global climate politics have
undergone significant reordering since the 1997 negotiations for the Kyoto Protocol. Finally, Part IV
explores the implications of the emergent political order for future climate change negotiations and argues
for the importance of maintaining an emphasis on multilateralism moving forward into a post-Kyoto world.

Keywords: climate change