1

INTRODUCTION OF STUDY

This project is all about to know about export import procedure/

documentation of shipment. This project puts more focus on to know custom
clearance, to make export - import invoice, to get shipping bill number from
custom department etc. This project will also find out how Suncity container
agencies could sustain in the competitive world by providing vast range of cargo
handling through all instruments which flexible prompt and innovative in meeting
the requirement of the customer. The purpose of the study was to know about
export – import documentation of goods from Railways and Road.The project
includes the broad informations regarding containers used during transactions,
about their measurements and calculations regarding made during the loading of
shipment of goods. The project also signifies the export procedure and
documentation. What all formalities and documents are required during the time of
custom clearance. The legal formalities required for transaction of goods, through
Road, Railway and fully mentioned in the project.

Freight forwarding is a service used by companies that deal in international or

multi-national import and export. While the freight forwarder doesn't actually
move the freight itself, it acts as an intermediary between the client and various
transportation services. Sending products from one international destination to
another can involve a multitude of carriers, requirements and legalities. A freight
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forwarding service handles the considerable logistics of this task for the client,
relieving what would otherwise be a formidable burden.

Freight forwarding services guarantee that products will get to the proper
destination by an agreed upon date, and in good condition. The freight forwarding
service utilizes established relationships with carriers of all kinds, from air
freighters and trucking companies, to rail freighters and ocean liners. Freight
forwarding services negotiate the best possible price to move the product along the
most economical route by working out various bids and choosing the one that best
balances speed, cost and reliability.

Freight forwarding plays an important role in facilitating international trade,

fulfilling a number of distinct functions. In basic terms they act on behalf of
exporters to buy and manage transportation services. These usually include air or
sea freight , as well as land transportation services to move goods from the shipper
to the port .

Freight forwarding has become an increasingly complex and specialized service in

the current context of globalization, tight security regulations and skills
shortages.Maintaining a competitive advantage in such an environment requires
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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of the research were:

➢ To know about export import process.

➢ To know what are the documents required before and after sailing the cargo.

➢ To know different type of container used in shipment.

➢ To know about the export procedure and documentation.

➢ To know about the buyer and seller relationship.

RESEARCH METHOLODGY
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Collect data/information about cargo through:

 Primary data collection:-

• E-mail

• Telephone

• Invoice

• Packing List

 Secondary data collection:-

• Invoice

• Packaging list

• Shipping bill

• Internet

Types of research
➢ Descriptive research
➢ Analytical research
➢ Applied research
➢ Fundamental research
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➢ Quantitative research
➢ Qualitative research

The above mentioned are the various types of research which a researcher can apply in order to
achieve one desired objective. Therefore to achieve the objectives of my research I have used
descriptive research.
This is based on proper research design to meet the objectives of the study.
ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TRADE

A review of India’s foreign trade since the commencement of planning reveals the following
important points:
1. Both exports and imports have grown considerably.
2. Except for two years (1972-73) and (1966-77), in all years since 1951 imports were larger than
exports.
3. Until about the mid 1980sthe export performance of India was very poor in

Comparison with other countries in general; it was very poor even in comparison with several
other developing countries. This is clear from the following facts:
a) The share of India in the total world exports fell from about 2 per cent in 1950 to 0.4 per
cent in 1980. Since the mid eighties, there has, however, been some improvement. In
2002 it was 0.8 per cent and the target set by the Ministry of Commerce is one
per cent by 2007.
b) India the 13th largest exporter in 1950 but there were 28 countries above India in 2005.
This marks a slight improvement over the recent past.
 6

c) India’s merchandise exports as a percentage of GDP had been stagnating around 5 per
cent. Although it has improved since the liberalization, it is still very low (little above 13
per cent) even in comparison with many other developing countries.

SHARE OF INDIA IN WORLD EXPORT TABLE

5.1

Year Share (%)

1950 2.0
1960 1.2
1970 0.7
1980 0.4
1990 0.5
2000 0.7
2007 1.0
2008 1.0
2009 1.0

4) The terms of trade have, on the whole, been favorable to India, although there was
deterioration in a number of years.
5) There has been a very significant change in composition of India’s exports. Manufactured
products one account for over three-fourths of the exports as against the dominance of primary
commodities in the early period.

6) They have been significant changes in the direction (i.e. the source of imports and destination
of exports) of India ‘s foreign trade.
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TABLE 5.2

INDIA’S EXPORT DURING LAST 8 YEARS

Years Export (in millions) Growth Rate

2001 44560 21.0
2002 43627 -1.6
2003 52719 20.3
2004 63843 21.1
2005 83563 30.8
2006 103091 23.4
2007 115849 26.29
2008 1241600 28.27
2009 2289611 31.45

On X-Axis 1cm = Year

On Y-Axis 1cm = $20

billion

Figure 5.1
Merchandise export of the country nearly doubled to US$ 124.6 billion in the ending 2007-08 from
63.84$ billion from 2004 an annual compounded growth of 25 per cent compared to 12.73 present in the
previous years during 2007-08.
Objective-
On the first day in my company, I came across the knowledge of Export and Import.
To understand well about the condition of the current market, the company manager decided to have a
marketing research for one week. While doing marketing research, initially we collected / gathered the
list of industry in and around Jodhpur and started sending them our company profile via e-mail. At the
beginning our focus was to reach at B & C cadre customers who are in need of a perfect logistics
 8

service provider. We identified the exact need of such customers through our extensive market research
and discussions with our internal team. We found that C & D category customers do not get the up to
mark and cost effective services from the reputed Logistics companies or reputed freight forwarders.
The main reason identified
Is the volume of their export or import shipment is very less; as a result the giant players in freight
forwarding are seems to have less focus on such clients because they generally look for the / interested
in the clients who are having huge activities / more volume of export or import shipments. And hence,
identifying this exact need of C & D category customers, I have started targeting these customers
because of which these customers would be getting the same excellent service level as “A” category
customers get from giant freight forwarders and at the same time my company would also be getting a
good business. If more number of customers, more number of shipments. Like-wise, I had started
focusing on these customers.
I met with many clients and by discussing the queries I got to know the requirement of people and what
kind of services is required. I was visiting 5-6 clients everyday and giving company presentation about
our services. The queries I collected from client about what kind of services they want, got discussed in
evening with impact logistics GM (General Manager).

After solving the Queries, I tried to tap the client. As I knew the clients requirement
or services they want, accordingly I mailed the competitive Quotes to the clients and kept following up
with them till I convert them into business. I with my Project Guide was giving the services to existing
clients as well as focusing on new customer. To be a good and “go getter” marketing person in
International Freight Forwarding / EXIM field, the person should be well versed / aware of the
international trade and activities carried out on day to day basis. While marketing / selling of products
of International Freight Forwarding / EXIM, any type / kind of queries or questions are expected from a
customer. Similarly there are also few customers who are unaware of the activities but they are in urgent
need to export or import their product. In such situation, the marketing & sales person must be in a
position to provide a proper and fare guidance to the customer. Below are the basic and important
knowledge path ways that not only a marketing & sales person but any person in International Trade /
Logistics should be aware of.

Freight forwarding-
A freight forwarder is a third party logistics provider. A third party logistics forwarder dispatches
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shipments via asset-based carriers and books or otherwise arranges space for those
shipments. Carrier types include waterborne vessels, airplanes, trucks or railroads.

Freight forwarders typically arrange cargo movement to an international destination. Also

referred to as international freight forwarders, they have the expertise that allows them to
prepare and process the documentation and perform related activities pertaining to
international shipments. Some of the typical information reviewed by a freight forwarder is the
commercial invoice, shipper's export declaration, bill of lading and other documents required by the
carrier or country of export, import, or transshipment. Much of this information is now processed
in a paperless environment.

CUSTOM CLEARANCE-
It is procedural activities which are performed by government personnel. The shipment has to clear all
the norms of custom clearance. Custom clearance differs from country to country. Tariff classifications,
value declaration, and duty management can increase costs. Customs and security initiatives have
imposed new regulations on companies that make it more challenging than ever to trade internationally.

It is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Transport is performed by
various modes, such as air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline and space.

Infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads,
railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations,
bus stations, warehouses and seaports.
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MARKET RESEARCH
• I collected mainly the brief data regarding the 2 places where our goods are
exported and imported they are :
1. Pipava (Gujrat)
2. Mundra(Gujrat)

PIPAVA PORT
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Port Pipavav, India’s first port in the private sector, is a port on the West Coast of India for containers,
bulk and liquid cargo. Its lead promoter is APM Terminals, one of the largest container terminal
operators in the world. The services include pilotage/towage, cargo handling and logistics support. Port
Pipavav is located in Saurashtra, Gujarat, at a distance of 90 km South of Amreli, 15 km South
of Rajula and 140 km South West of Bhavnagar.

Description-:
➢ LOCATION
Pipava is located in Saushatra in Gujrat, 152 miles northwest of Mumbai on the west cost of
India. Approximately 140 KM southwest of Bhavnagar.

➢ ALL WEATHER PORT

Port Pipava is directly across from two islands- Shiel Bet and Savai Bet- which acts as a natural
breakwater, making the port safe in all the weather conditions.

➢ CURRENTS
During peak tidal condition the water currents are between 2.5 to 3 knots. These favourable
conditions at port Pipava ensure easy and safe navigations of the ship year around. Due to the
 12

presence of protactive islands around the port operates throughout the year , even during the
monsoon, an added advantage to the customers.

TRADE ROUTES AND SHIPPING LINES

TRADE LANE SHIPPING LINE

North Europe-Middle East –India Maersk Line

Europe(med)-Middle East-India Maersk Line

Red Sea-Middle East Sub Continent United Arab Shippng Co

Port Pipava Cochin Maersk Line

THE HINTERLANDS
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Unlike most other ports in India, Port Pipavav's location in southern Gujarat means that it is ideally
situated to take advantage of a rich hinterland. Gujarat is one of India's primary cargo-generating states,
accounting for approximately 20% of the country's export cargo and nearly 40% of its industrial output.
With this cargo-rich region located essentially in Port Pipavav's backyard, its ability to attract cargo is
exceptional. Some of the key markets that comprise this rich territory include: Rajkot, Jamnagar,
Porbandar, Veraval, Amreli, Ahmedabad, Surat, Baroda, Bhavnagar and Mahuva.

Just beyond Port Pipavav's immediate hinterland are the abundant northwest markets of Rajasthan,
Delhi/NCR and Punjab. Together, these areas generate approximately 60% of India's cargo, of which a
majority is currently handled by Port Pipavav. Cargo-intensive markets in Rajasthan include Jodhpur,
Bhilwara, Udaipur, Jaipur, Kota and Bhiwadi. In Punjab, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Mandi
Gobindgarh and Chandigarh produce a large volume of cargo.

These key markets in close proximity to Port Pipavav provide excellent opportunities for a wide variety
of cargo types. These include industrial goods, agri-products, reefer cargo, minerals, handicrafts,
fertilizer, textiles, coal, soda ash and many others.

With such a rich hinterland in its immediate proximity, and extremely cargo-heavy markets further
north, Port Pipavav offers a highly strategic location for developing and attracting cargo opportunities.

Mundra Port
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MUNDRA PORT

The Port of Mundra is India’s biggest private port. Located in the Kutch district of the state of
Gujarat, Mundra lies on the north shores of the Gulf of Kutch about 50 kilometers south of Anjar
and 44 kilometers east the Port of Mandvi. About 60 thousand people, most of them migrants,
live in the Port of Mundra.

The Port of Mundra is not only a private port, but it is also a special economic zone. Incorporated
in 1998 as Gujarat Adani Port Limited (GAPL), the company began operating in 2001. The
 15

Mundra Special Economic Zone was incorporated in 2003 and was merged with GAPL in 2006.
The combined company was renamed “Mundra Port and Special Economic Zone Limited.” It is
India’s first multi-product port-based special economic zone (SEZ).

Facilities

1. DRY CARGO HANDLING

The Mundra Port has state-of-the-art facilities for the handling and warehousing of dry cargo.
1. 4 Gottwald and 4 Liebherr mobile harbour cranes with a handling capacity of 750 tons
per hour (TPH) per crane
2. 22 bagging lines capable of 1008 TPH in total.
3. One 1,000 TPH ship loader
4. 3.6 km long import and export conveyor system capable of handling 1,500 TPH of import
and 1,000 TPH of export cargo
5. 2 mobile hoppers for direct discharge into the import conveyors
6. 6 mobile hoppers for direct discharge into dumpers
7. Wheat cleaning and rice sorting systems
8. State of the art fully mechanised fertiliser cargo complex
9. 03 Nos 20 MTS goliath cranes with vacuum handling pipe attachments capable of
handling 8” to 56” diameter of pipes
10. 60 Nos 40 ft trailers for internal transportation.
11. 4 Nos 32 MTS kalmar forklifts.
12. Wheat cleaning facility with a capacity of 1,200 MT / day
13. Rice sorting and grading facilities with a capacity of 500 MT / day
14. 8 weighbridges for dry cargo
15. 2 in-motion rail weighbridges
 16

Facilities for Storage

• 21 closed godowns ad measuring 1,37,000 Sq.Mts. for wheat, rice, sugar, de-oiled cakes
(DOC), fertilizer, fertilizer raw materials (FRM), etc
• 8,80,000 Sq. Mts Of well demarcated open storage space for steel sheets, plate, coils,
scrap, clinker, salt, coal, coke, bentonite, etc
• 26,000 Sq. Mtr of open storage alongside rail siding

1. LIQUID HANDLING AND STORAGE

Mundra Port is one of the most facilitated ports for the offloading and warehousing of liquid
cargo with the following facilities:
• 9 Nos. Dock Pipelines with diameters ranging from 8 inch to 24 inch (including 8" dia
Stainless Steel line), connecting Liquid berths to the shore tanks.
• Dedicated pump with individual tank for road tanker loading (88 pumps)
• 88 loading bays for uninterrupted delivery from every tank i.e. 3 road tanker
simultaneous loading from individual tank and 12 unloading bays.
• Bulk Bitumen storage tank facility inside port. 2 tanks each of 3000 Kiloliter and one
service tank of 430 KL
• Fire fighting, nitrogen, hot water circulation, effluents treatment plant (ETP) and oil-
water separator systems
• 9 pump houses and 7 Weighbridges in the liquid terminal
• Tank terminal with 97 tanks with total storage volume of 4,25,624 kiloliter for storage of
various liquids like edible oils, petroleum products, bitumen in bulk and chemicals.
• All Pipelines with cup pigging system for pushing pipe line product and effective
cleaning of pipe line.
• Export pumps installed 300x4 Nos. and 500x 3 Nos. cu.m/HR for export from tank to
vessel.
• Encl-9 tanks (16 nos.) with Radar Gauges and Mass flow meters at delivery end.
• Rail connectivity for vegetable oil loading/unloading
 17

1. Rail Transport

• The port has 7 railway sidings and two dedicated diesel locomotives
• It can handle double stack container trains
• A 64 km private railway line has been developed which connects the port with the
national network at Adipur. Adipur falls on the broad gauge from Mumbai to Bhuj. Adani
also has equity stakes in the Kutch Rail Company Ltd. (KRCL), a project by the Indian
railways to shorten the distance between the northern hinterland (including Delhi and
commercially important cities like Ludhiana) and Mundra Port by providing a broad
gauge connection between Palanpur and Adipur.

1. Ship Repair Facility

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 19

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

 20

The scope of marketing research could cover the business problems relating to
the followings.

 Buying habits and pattern of consumption

 Size and location of different markets, not only in India but also

 overseas.

 The prospects for growth or construction for the current markets being served.

 New mantras of emerging segments.

 Marketing and manufacturing capabilities of competitors.

 Most suitable entry timing.

 The current and prospective competitive position.

 Chances of improvement of current channels.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

➢ Not a panacea

➢ Not an exact science

➢ Limitation of time

➢ Erroneous findings
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➢ Not exact tool for forecasting

➢ In experience research staff

➢ Narrow conception of marketing research

COMPANY PROFILE
Suncity container agencies mainly posseses the FREIGHT, FORWARDING,
SHIPPING CONSULTANTS AND SHIPPING AGENCY. The goods are mainly
exported from 3 places from jodhpur.

• Container Corporation of India at Bhagat ki kothi.

• Rajasthan small industry corporation {RSIC} under Ricco.
• Thar dry port and Shipping Ltd.

Following are the goods which are imported and exported form this agency:
Wooden Handicrafts, and Furnitures, Goargum powder, Stones,Textiles, Iron,wooden
Furniture, Machines.

The transaction of the goods are mainly made by the railways and by the mean of roads.
The goods are mainly exported at Bombay, Mundra, and out of the country.

✔ Packaging

✔ Warehousing
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✔ Freight forwarding

✔ Clearance of Export and Import Cargo

✔ Commercial, Diplomatic and Non-Diplomatic Consignment.

✔ Projects

Services

 Custom Clearance
 Document Processing
 3 PL & Supply Chain Management
 Packaging & Warehousing
 Tracking & Tracing
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Packaging & Warehousing

Packaging at Suncity Containers Agencies

Suncity Conatiners agnencies employs professional packers and experienced supervisors

who are trained packing and packaging. We specialize in handling fragile / heavy / oversized
cargo. For packaging, we use material like craft paper / soft papers, corrugated rolls & boxes, air
bubble pack rolls, polythene & polypropylene, and masking tape, etc. depending upon the
requirement.

We design fabrication and assembly of crating material for packaging machinery and
equipment for storage or shipment and usage of correct primary protective packing materials to
insulate machinery and equipment from moisture, corrosion and excessive shock. Crating and the
use of machines to execute packing and moving operations has resulted in accolades and
sustained patronage by clients in India and abroad.

Warehousing at Suncity Containers Agencies

 24

Suncity Containers offer warehousing facilities to support export - import activities. The
warehousing facilities are very helpful to accelerate the transportation of goods, especially for
cargos with LCL Status. We use authorised warehouses located worldwide.

Further to our covered warehousing facilities are provided for storing of FMCG, industrial
and high-end sophisticated products on transit. The warehouses are equipped with dedicated
loading and unloading bays.

At Suncity Containers storage areas of warehouses are demarcated to identify each location. Our
distribution centres offer ample space for palletizing, crating and packing services according to
customers’ specifications.
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Organisational chart
 26

BENEFITS GIVEN BY COMPANY

➢ Origin Pickup/Trucking.

➢ Warehousing if required.

➢ Customs Clearance & Documentation at origin.

➢ Origin charges payable like THC, B/L Fee etc.

➢ Carriage by Road payment of Freight.

➢ Inland Trucking if required.

➢ Customs Clearing of goods at destination and Warehousing if need be.

➢ Door Delivery of the cargo.

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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

LOGISTICS SYSTEM

Logistics is defined by the council of Logistics, Ohio USA as the

Process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, co-effective flow and storage
flow and storage of raw materials, in process inventory finished goods and related information
from point of origin to point consumption. More simply, the objective of Logistics System is that
the right products reach the right place in the right quantity at the right time to satisfy customer
demand.

ELEMENTS OF LOGISTICS SYSTEM

➢ Nature of Product

➢ Location of Manufacturing Plant

➢ Availability of infrastructure such as Road

➢ Availability of different modes of transportation

➢ Dealer/Distributor Network

➢ Government Policy

MODE OF TRANSPORTATION
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➢ OCEAN TRANSPORT
➢ RAIL TRANSPORT

➢ ROAD TRANSPORT

OCEAN TRANSPORT

More than 95 per cent of international trade is conduced by sea routes since ancient times,
sea routes are being used for transportation of cargo from one continent or country to Coastal
shipping is also used for transporting the cargo from one port within the country to another.

For example in India the cargo can be transported from Chennai port to Visakhapatnam port
using the costal shipping route.

Sea routes are used for carrying bulj commodities like such as coaling and thermal coal
mires, fertilizers rock phosphate etc, and liquid go like crude oil ammonium acids etc Ideally
the goods with high volume and kiw vakye are suited die ocean transport in the era of
containerisation even the high value cargo can be safely enabled the cargo carrying capacities
of the ship to increase many fold.

In 1956, the first containerised ship belonging to sea land corp. carried 58 twenty
One of the biggest ships owned by Maersk-sea land is 1,138 feet long from end to end and
140 feet wide at mid ship. Such ships are called Post-Panamax ship.

Cargo ship categorised into followings:-

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 Liners ships : Liners ship represent the organized sector of the shipping
industries due to their fixed schedules of arrival and departure, Pre-determined voyages and trade
routes and published ocean freight rates. Liner shipping is governed by shipping conference and
offers the following advantage to shippers:-
✔ Regular sailings to scheduled ports of call.
✔ Stable freight rates for a long period of time which helps the shipper to quote C & F
prices with confidence.
✔ Uniform rates for all shippers.
✔ Coverage of wide range of ports.
✔ Rebates of freight rates based on loyalty agreements.

 Tramp ships:- Tramp ships on the other hand have the followi
characteristics –

✔ They are free to move anywhere on the high seas at their will.

✔ Their voyage routes and schedules are flexible.

✔ They travel from the port to another port o various trade routes looking for the
cargo and carrying the same to various routes looking for the cargo and carrying the
same to various destinations around the world.

✔ They arrive or depart without a fixed route or schedule.

✔
 30

They fix their voyages according to availability of cargo and as per the
requirement of the shippers of these cargoes.

✔ The freight rates of tram ships depend upon the demand and supply conditions
in the shipping industry. If there is a glut of shipping space the tramp freight
rates plummet. Whereas in case of shortage of shipping space, the tramp
freight rates shoot up.

✔ The cargo space on the tramps is booked by the brokers located in major port
cities like New York, London, Rotterdam Hamburg, and Hong- Kong etc.
They work as a link between tramp operators and shippers.
31

TY
 32

STANDARD CONTAINER
STANDARD CONTAINERS:

Standard 20'

inside inside Inside door door tare Maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo

19'4" 7'8" 7'10" 7'8" 7'6" 1,172CuFt 4,916lbs 47,900lbs

5.900m 2.350m 2.393m 2.342m 2.280m 33.2CBM 2,230Kg 21,770Kg

Standard 40'

inside inside Inside door door tare Maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo

FLAT RACK CONTAINER

Flat rack 20'

inside inside inside door door tare maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo

18'5" 7'3" 7'4" - - - 5,578lbs 47,333lbs

5.620m 2.200m 2.233m - - - 2,530Kg 21,470Kg

Flat rack 40'

inside inside inside door door tare maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo

39'7" 6'10" 6'5" - - - 12,081lbs 85,800lbs

1280m 2.438m 2.103m - - - 5,480Kg 39,000Kg

 33

FLATT RACK COLLAPSIBLE CONTAINER

Flat rack Collapsible 20'

inside inside inside door door tare Maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo

18'6" 7'3" 7'4" - - - 6,061lbs 61,117lbs

5.618m 2.208m 2.233m - - - 2,750Kg 17,730Kg
Flat rack Collapsible 40'

inside inside inside door door tare Maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo

39'7" 6'10" 6'5" - - - 12,081lbs 85,800lbs

12.080m 2.126m 2.043m - - - 5,800Kg 39,000Kg

REEFER COINTAINER

Reefer 20'

inside inside inside door door tare maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo

17'8" 7'5" 7'5" 7'5" 7'3" 1,000CuFt 7,040lbs 45,760lbs

5.425m 2.275m 2.260m 2.258m 2.216m 28.3CBM 3,200Kg 20,800Kg

Reefer 40'

inside inside inside door door tare maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo

37'8" 7'5" 7'2" 7'5" 7'0" 2,040CuFt 10,780lbs 56,276lbs

11.493m 2.270m 2.197m 2.282m 2.155m 57.8CBM 4,900Kg 25,580Kg

 34

REEFER HIGH CUBE CONTAINER

Reefer High Cube 40'

inside Inside inside door door tare maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo

37'11" 7'6" 8'2" 7'6" 8'0" 2,344CuFt 9,900lbs 57,761lbs

11.557m 2.294m 2.500m 2.294m 2.440m 66.6CBM 4,500Kg 25,980Kg

HIGH CUBE CONTAINER

HIGH CUBE 40'

 35

inside Inside inside door door tare Maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo

39'5" 7'8" 8'10" 7'8" 8'5" 2,694CuFt 8,750lbs 58,450lbs

12.036m 2.350m 2.697m 2.338m 2.338m 76.3CBM 3,970Kg 26,510Kg

PLATEFORM CONTAINER
 36

PLATFORM 20'

inside inside inside door door tare Maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo

19'11" 8'0" 7'4" - - - 6,061lbs 52,896lbs

6.058m 2.438m 2.233m - - - 2,750Kg 24,000Kg

PLATFORM 40'

inside inside inside door door tare Maxi

capacity
length width height width height weight cargo
 37

INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTION
38
 39

EXPORT PROCEDURE AND DOCUMENTATION

 40

EXPORT PROCEDURE AND DOCUMENTATION

41
 42

EXPORT INVOICE

ELEMENT OF EXPORT INVOICE:-

➢ Exporter

➢ Consignee

➢ Invoice No. and Date

➢ Exporter Ref.

➢ Buyer order no and date

➢ Other reference

➢ Buyer (other than consignee)

➢ Country of origin of goods

➢ Country of final destination

➢ Terms of delivery and Payment

➢ Pre-carriage by

➢ Place of receipt by pre-carrier

➢ Vessel/ Flight no.

➢ Port of loading

➢ Port of discharge

➢ Final Destination

➢ Item code

➢ Description of goods
 43

➢ Net weight

➢ Gross weight

➢ Quantity

➢ Rate CIF EURO

➢ Amount CIF EURO

➢ Amount in words

➢ Declaration:

➢ Authorised signature

➢ Marks and Nos. / No & Kind of pkgs.

44
 45

Export –Import Documentation

PERFOMA INVOICE

Performa Invoice as the name suggested, is the performa of the invoice. It is prepared by an
Exporter and send to the Importer for necessary acceptance. It suggest to a buyer what the actual
invoice would look like and is send to him when he is ready to purchase the goods.

PACKAGING

The statement gives the packaging details of the good in a prescribed format. It is very useful
document for the customs at the time of examination and for the warehousekeeper for the buyer
to maintain a record of the inventory and to effect the delivery.

COMMERCIAL INVOICE

An invoice is very important as it contains the name of the exporter, importer and the consignee,
and the description of the good. It has to be signed by the exporter. Other documents are
prepared by deriving information from the invoce. It is required to be presented before different
authorities for different purposes.

CERTIFICATE OF ORGIN

This certificate issued by the local Chamber of Commerce indicates that the good, which are
being exported to the importer and is send by the exporter to the importer and is useful for the
clearance of the goods from the customs authority for importing country.

SHIPPING BILLS/BILLS OF ENTRIES

It is requestie for seeking the permission of the customs to export goods. It contains the
description of export goods by the sea/air. It contains export detail of every goods, numbers and
kinds of packages, shipping marks, and number numbers, value of goods, the name of the vessel,
the country of the destinations etc. On the other hand the importer have to submit the copies of
the document called Bill of entry for customs clearance, Later a copy has to be given for the
bank of verification.
 46

ARE-1 FORM

The form is application for the removal of excesicable goods, from the factory premises for the
export purposes. The form has multiple copies which are distributed to the different authorities,
including custom Range office of excesice,Refund office of excesice etc.

ESCHANGE DECLARATION RFROM(GR/SDF Form)

The RBI has prescribed the (GR/SDF Form) a PP form, and a SOFTEX forms to declare the
export transaction. The GR form contains the following matter:
(a) Name and address of exporter and description of goods.
(b) Name and address of the authorised dealer through whom proceeds of the exports have
been or will be realized.
(c) Detalis of the commission and discount due to foreign agent of buyer.
(d) The full export value, given break up of FOB, Freight Insurance Discount, and the
Commission etc.

BILLS OF EXCHANGE

It is an instrument in writing, containing an order, signed by the marketr, directing a certain

person to pay a certain sum of money only to the order of the person bearer of the instrument.
It is commontly known as draft.

INSPECTION CERTIFICATE

It is required by some importers and countries in order to get the specification of the goods
shipped attested. The attensation is usually attained by the government agency or by independent
testing organisation.

BILLS OF LANDING

The document is issued by the shipping company acknowledging the recipts of the goods
mentioned in the bills/ for shipment on board of the vessel.
The BL is a leagal document to be refferd in case of any dispute over the shipment.
It contains the following:

○ The shipping companys name and address

○ The consignee name and address
○ The port of landing and port of discharged
○ Shipping marks and particulars
○ Number of packages and the goods
○ Gross weight and net weight
 47

○ Freight details and name of the vessel

○ Signature of the shipping companys agent.

AIRWAY BILL

This receipt issued by an airline company or its agent for carring of goods is an contract
between the owner of the good and their carrerr. It should indicate the freight pre-paid or
freight to collect. The first three digit in the Airways Bill Number represent the code,
which identifies the carrer.

INSURANCE CERTIFICATE

The document from the freight forwarder, is used to assure the consignee that insurance
will cover the loss or damage to the cargo during transit.

CONSULAR INVOICE

The invoice is needed to be submitted for the certification to the embassy of the country
concerned. Its main purpose is to enable the importers county to collect accurate and
authenticated information about the value, volume , quantity and source etc. Of the
import for the assessing import duties and for stastical purposes. It helps the importers to
get the goods cleared through customs without any delay.

SEA FREIGHT CALCULATIONS

INTRODUCTION

Sea freight calculations can be broadly be divided into two main components; breakbulk
and containerised. In this section we deal with how you should calculate the freight cost
of both of these two types of seafreight.

BREAK BULK CARGO CALCULATION

Breakbulk cargo is an cargo that is utilised, pallentised or strapped. This cargo is

measured along with the greatest length, weidth and height of the entire shipment. The
cargo is also weighted. Shipping line quote break bulk cargo per “freight ton”, which is
either 1 metric ton on 1 cubic meter, whichever yields the greatest revenue.

EXAMPLE
A case has gross mass of 2 Mt.
 48

The dimension of the cargo are:

2.5×1×2 meters
The tarrif rate quoted by the shipping line is :USD110.0 weight or measure(freight ton)

Step 1

Multiple the meter 2.5×1×2=5 meters compare to the mass= 2Meters

Step2

Calculate the freight with the greater amount either the mass of the dimension.5×USD
110.00=USD 550.00.
Freight would be paid on the measurement and not the weight. All the shippinglines carry
cargo in a break bulk from insist on payment based on the minimum freight charge which
is equivalent to one freight ton ,one cubic meter or one metric ton.

FULL CONTAINERS LOAD AND CALCULATIONS

Freight rates of the containers are based on the containers as a unit of freight irrespective
of the commodity loaded their. Freight all kinds. The shipping line quote per box or
container either in six or twelve containers. From time to time, abnormal or exceptional
cost arise in respect of which no provision had been made in the tarrifs. For example a
shipping line cannot predict the movement of the US dollar or the sudden increase of the
oil price. These increases have to be taken into account by shipping line in order to
ensure that the shipping line continues to operate at a profit. These accordingly retain
right to impose an adjustment factor upon their rate taking into account these fluctuations.
All the surcharge are expressed as a percentage of the basic freight rate. Surcharges are
regularly rewived in the light of the unforseens circumstances, which may arise and bring
cause for surcharge increase.

PORT CONGESTION SURCHARGE

Congesation in a port for a period of time can involve considerable idle time for vessel
serving that port. When a ship lies idle, this creates a huge amount of loss for the ship's owner.
Shipping lines therefore have the right to impose a surcharge on the freight to recover revenue
lost. Another factor which influences port congestion surcharge would be labour disputes. Port
congestion surcharges are calculated as a percentage of the freight rate as expressed in the
previous examples.

THE BILL OF LANDING

The bill of lading performs the following functions:
 49

• A contract of carriage between the shipper of the cargo and the carrying shipping
company.
• The name of the shipper and the receiver of the goods the consignee.
• The contents of the packages as declared by the shipper.
• Shipping details such as: port of loading and the port of discharge.
• The bill of lading is a freight invoice and indicates if the freight costs have been prepaid
by the exporter or will be paid by the importer, "freight collect".
• The bill of lading states the number of packages, weight and dimension of the shipment.
• It is a document of title to the goods stated thereon.
Every original bill of landing signed by or on behalf of the shipping company is a document of
title to the underlying goods. This special function of a bill of lading is achieved by a form of
words which state: "In witness whereof the undersigned on behalf of the shipping company has
signed three bills of lnding all of this tenor and date, one of which being accomplished the others
to stand void". "Accomplishing" the bill of lading requires the surrender to the shipping line or
its agents in the port or place of destination one of the signed original bills of lading duly
endorsed by the consignee/importer. Unless and until one of the original bills of lading as
described above is surrendered, the shipping line will not release the cargo to the
consignee/importer. Upon surrender of any one of the originals the other originals bills of lading
become void.
ENDORSED BILLS OF LANDING
Bills of lading can only be issued with the words "shipped on board", if the cargo has actually
been loaded onto the named vessel at the port of loading. By insisting that the exporter supplies
the importer with a "shipped on board" bill of lading, the importer obtains conclusive evidence
that the goods have been loaded on board the intended vessel.
Some importers insist that the exporter presents "shipped on board" bills as a condition for
payment. "Received for shipment", bills of lading can be issued as soon as the goods have been
delivered into the custody of the carrying shipping company or its agent either at the point of
receipt or at the port of loading. Thus, a 'received for shipment", bill of lading will only indicate
the ship in which the cargo is intended to be loaded on. The risk remains that the loading may,
for many reasons delayed or the cargo may not be loaded at all.
Banks responsible for the payment of funds in payment for goods under letters of credit will not
release the funds if the bill of lading has been endorsed "received for shipment".
FINDINGS
50
 51

IMPORTER
PURCHASES ORDER / L/C
 52

CERTIFICATE INVOICE PACKING GR ARE1 MARINE

OF LIST FORM FORM INSURANCE
INSPECTION POLICY
EXPORTER

CUSTOMS SHIPPING FULL SET COPY OF DUPLICATE DUPLICATE

ATTESTED BILLS OF ON L/C COPY ARE COPY GR
INVOICE BOARD FORM FORM
BILL OF
LADING

C & F AGENT

EXPORTER
COMMERCI PACKIN DUPLICA NEGOTIAB ORIGI CERTIFICATE BILL OF
AL INVOICE G LIST TE COPY LE COPIES NAL OF ORIGIN EXCHANG
GR FORM OF B/L L/C E

NEGOTIATING BANK

L/C AMOUNT SHIPPING DOCUMENT

EXPORTER IMPORTER
53
 54

ANNEXTURE
Questionnaire-
 55

Questionnaire / Sales Report for Freight Forwarding and or customs clearance

Mktg / Sales coordinator's name

Date of Visit
Company Name
Address

Telephone / Mobile
Fax
E-mail
Website
Contact Person
Designation
Mobile No.
Person to whom visited
Designation
Mobile No.
Nature of business

Imports :
If the company has any
imports ?
If yes, from which countries ?
Please specify the ports of
loading.
What is the mode of transport ?
(By air or by sea or both)
What are the items that they
import ? (material / commodity)
What is the volume of imports in
terms of number of shipments
per month ? (sector / port wise)
Please state the sectors / ports
here ==>
By By By By By By
By Air Sea Air By Sea Air Sea Air Sea

If FCL, how many TEU / FEU

per month ? (sector / port wise)
Please state the sectors / ports
here ==>
TEU FEU TEU FEU TEU FEU TEU FEU
 56

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Websites

1. www.committedgroup.com
2. www.google.co.in
3. www.ask.com
4. www.exit.net
5. EXIM.com

Search Engine

1. Google
2. yahoo
 57

REFRENCES
PAGE NO: 5-10 EXIM.COM

PAGE NO: 11-14 PIPAVA.COM

PAGE NO: 15-19 MUNDRA.COM

PAGE NO: 28-44 COMMERCIAL GROUP.COM

PAGE NO: 50-56 COMMERCIAL GROUP.COM