c

224. Appointment and remuneration of auditors .²[(1) Every company shall, at each annual general
meeting, appoint an auditor or auditors to hold office from the conclusion of that meeting until the
conclusion of the next annual general meeting and shall, within seven days of the appointment, give
intimation thereof to every auditor so appointed .
[Provided that before any appointment or re-appointment of auditor or auditors is made by any company
at any annual general meeting, a written certificate shall be obtained by the company from the auditor or
auditors proposed to be so appointed to the effect that the appointment or re-appointment,
if made, will be in accordance with the limits specified in sub-section (1B).]
ñ A) Every auditor appointed under sub-section (1), shall within thirty days of the receipt from the
company of the intimation of his appointment, inform the Registrar in writing that he has
accepted, or refused to accept, the appointment.] ½
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[(
) On and from the financial year next following the commencement of the Companies
(Amendment) Act, 1974 (41 of 1974), no company or its Board of directors shall appoint or re-
appoint any person [who is in full-time employment elsewhere] or firm as its auditor if such person or
firm is, at the date of such appointment or re-appointment, holding appointment as auditor of the
specified number of companies or more than the specified number of companies:
[Provided that in the case of a firm of auditors, "specified number of companies" shall be construed
as the number of companies specified for every partner of the firm who is not in full-time employment
elsewhere]:
Provided further that where any partner of the firm is also a partner of any other firm or firms of
auditors, the number of companies which may be taken into account, by all the firms together, in
relation to such partner shall not exceed the specified number, in the aggregate]:
Provided also that where any partner of a firm of auditors is also holding office, in his individual
capacity, as the auditor of one or more companies, the number of companies which may be taken into
account in his case shall not exceed the specified number, in the aggregate:]
[Provided also that the provisions of this sub-section shall not apply, on and after the commencement of
the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, to a private company.]
[( ) For the purposes of enabling a company to comply with the provisions of sub-section (1B), a
person or firm holding, immediately before the commencement of the Companies (Amendment)
Act, 1974 (41 of 1974), appointment as the auditor of a number of companies exceeding the specified
number, shall, within sixty days from such commencement, intimate his or its unwillingness to be re-
appointed as the auditor from the financial year next following such commencement, to the company or
companies of which he or it is not willing to be re-appointed as the auditor; and shall simultaneously
intimate to the Registrar the names of the companies of which he or it is willing to be reappointed
as the auditor and forward a copy of the intimation to each of the companies referred to therein.
6

-.²For the purposes of sub-sections (1B) and (1C), "specified number" means,²
() in the case of a person or firm holding appointment as auditor of a number of companies each of
which has a paid-up share capital of less than rupees twenty-five lakhs, twenty such companies;
() in any other case, twenty companies, out of which not more than ten shall be companies each of
which has a paid-up share capital of rupees twenty-five lakhs or more.
6

--.²In computing the specified number, the number of companies in respect of which or
any part of which any person or firm has been appointed as an auditor, whether singly or in combination
with any other person or firm, shall be taken into account.]
ñ2) [Subject to the provisions of sub-section (1B) and section 224A, at any annual general meeting], a
retiring auditor, by whatsoever authority appointed, shall be re-appointed, unless²
() he is not qualified for re-appointment;
() he has given the company notice in writing of his unwillingness to be reappointed;
() a resolution has been passed at that meeting appointing somebody instead of him or providing
expressly that he shall not be re-appointed; or
() where notice has been given of an intended resolution to appoint some person or persons in the place
 of a retiring auditor, and by reason of the death, incapacity or disqualification of that person or of all
those persons, as the case may be, the resolution cannot be proceeded with.
ñ) Where at an annual general meeting no auditors are appointed or reappointed, the Central
Government may appoint a person to fill the vacancy.
ñ4) The company shall, within seven days of the Central Government's power under sub-section (3),
becoming exercisable, give notice of that fact to that Government; and, if a company fails to give
such notice, the company, and every officer of the company who is in default, shall be punishable, with
fine which may extend to [five thousand rupees].
ñ) The first auditor or auditors of a company shall be appointed by the Board of directors within one
month of the date of registration of the company; and the auditor or auditors so appointed shall hold
office until the conclusion of the first annual general meeting:
Provided that²
ñ) the company may, at a general meeting, remove any such auditor or all or any of such auditors and
appoint in his or their places any other person or persons who have been nominated for appointment by
any member of the company and of whose nomination notice has been given to the members of the
company not less than fourteen days before the date of the meeting; and
ñ3) if the Board fails to exercise its powers under this sub-section, the company in general meeting may
appoint the first auditor or auditors.
ñ)ñ) The Board may fill any casual vacancy in the office of an auditor; but while any such vacancy
continues, the remaining auditor or auditors, if any, may act:
Provided that where such vacancy is caused by the resignation of an auditor, the vacancy shall only be
filled by the company in general meeting.
ñ3) Any auditor appointed in a casual vacancy shall hold office until the conclusion of the next annual
general meeting.
ñ) Except as provided in the proviso to sub-section (5), any auditor appointed under this section may be
removed from office before the expiry of his term only by the company in general meeting, after
obtaining the previous approval of the Central Government in that behalf.
ñ) The remuneration of the auditors of a company²
ñ) in the case of an auditor appointed by the Board or the Central Government, may be fixed by the
Board or the Central Government, as the case may be
Úñ) in the case of an auditor appointed under section 619 by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of
India, shall be fixed by the company in general meeting or in such manner as the company in general
meeting may determine;*]
ñ3) subject to clause (), shall be fixed by the company in general meeting or in such manner as the
company in general meeting may determine. For the purposes of this sub-section, any sums paid by the
company in respect of the auditors' expenses shall be deemed to be included in the expression
"remuneration".
[224A. Auditor not to be appointed except with the approval of the company by special resolution
in certain cases.²ñ ) In the case of a company in which not less than twenty-five per cent of the
subscribed share capital is held, whether singly or in any combination, by²
() a public financial institution or a Government company or Central Government or any State
Government, or
() any financial or other institution established by any Provincial or State Act in which a State
Government holds not less than fifty-one per cent of the subscribed share capital, or
() a nationalised bank or an insurance company carrying on general insurance business, the
appointment or re-appointment at each annual general meeting of an auditor or auditors shall be made
by a special resolution.
ñ2) Where any company referred to in sub-section (1) omits or fails to pass at its annual general meeting
any special resolution appointing an auditor or auditors, it shall be deemed that no auditor or auditors
had been appointed by the company at its annual general meeting, and thereupon the provisions of
subsection (3) of section 224 shall become applicable in relation to such company.
6
.²For the purposes of this section,²
() "general insurance business" has the meaning assigned to it in the General Insurance (Emergency
Provisions) Act, 1971 (17 of 1971);
() "nationalised bank" means a corresponding new bank as defined in the Banking Companies
(Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970 (5 of 1970) [or in the Banking Companies
(Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980 (40 of 1980).]
22. Provisions as to resolutions for appointing or removing auditors .²
ñ ) Special notice shall be required for a resolution at an annual general meeting appointing as auditor a
person other than a retiring auditor, or providing expressly that a retiring auditor shall not be
re appointed.
ñ2) On receipt of notice of such a resolution, the company shall forthwith send a copy thereof to the
retiring auditor.
ñ) Where notice is given of such a resolution and the retiring auditor makes with respect thereto
representations in writing to the company (not exceeding a reasonable length) and requests their
notification to members of the company, the company shall, unless the representations are received by it
too late for it to do so,²
() in any notice of the resolution given to members of the company, state the fact of the representations
having been made; and
() send a copy of the representations to every member of the company to whom notice of the meeting
is sent, whether before or after the receipt of the representations by the company; and if a copy of the
representations is not sent as aforesaid because they were received too late or because of the company's
default the auditor may (without prejudice to his right to be heard orally) require that the representations
shall be read out at the meeting:
Provided that copies of the representations need not be sent out and the representations need not be read
out at the meeting if, on the application either of the company or of any other person who claims to be
aggrieved, the [ › ››] is satisfied that the rights conferred by this sub-section are being
abused to secure needless publicity for defamatory matter; and the [ ›c››] may order the
company's costs on such an application to be paid incwhole or in part by the auditor, notwithstanding
that he is not a party to thecapplication.c
ñ4) Sub-sections (2) and (3) shall apply to a resolution to remove the first auditors or any of them under
sub-section (5) of section 224 or to the removal of any auditor or auditors under sub-section (7) of that
section, as they apply in relation to a resolution that a retiring auditor shall not be re-appointed.
22. Qualifications and disqualifications of auditors .²ñ ) A person shall not be qualified for
appointment as auditor of a company unless he is a chartered accountant within the meaning of the
Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 (38 of 1949):
Provided that a firm whereof all the partners practising in India are qualified for appointment as
aforesaid may be appointed by its firm name to be auditor of a company, in which case any partner so
practising may act in the name of the firm.
ñ2)ñ) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), but subject to the provisions of any rules
made under clause (), the holder of a certificate granted under a law in force in the whole or any
portion of a Part B State immediately before the commencement of the Part B States (Laws) Act, 1951
(3 of 1951) [or of the Jammu and Kashmir (Extension of Laws) Act, 1956, (62 of 1956), as the case
may be,] entitling him to act as an auditor of companies [in the territories which, immediately before the
1st November, 1956, were comprised in that State] or any portion thereof, shall be entitled to be
appointed to act as an auditor of companies registered anywhere in [India].
() The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules providing for the
grant, renewal, suspension or cancellation of auditors' certificates to persons in 1[the territories which,
immediately before the 1st November, 1956, were comprised in Part B States] for the purposes of
clause
, and prescribing conditions and restrictions for such grant, renewal, suspension or cancellation.
(3) None of the following persons shall be qualified for appointment as auditor of a company²
() a body corporate;
() an officer or employee of the company;
() a person who is a partner, or who is in the employment, of an officer or employee of the company;
() a person who is indebted to the company for an amount exceeding one thousand rupees, or who has
given any guarantee or provided any security in connection with the indebtedness of any third person to
the company for an amount exceeding one thousand rupees;
[(›) a person holding any security of that company after a period of one year from the date of
commencement of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000.
6
.²For the purposes of this section, "security" means an instrument which carries voting
rights:]
6
.²References in this sub-section to an officer or employee shall be construed as not
including references to an auditor.
(4) A person shall also not be qualified for appointment as auditor of a company if he is, by virtue of
sub-section (3), disqualified for appointment as auditor of any other body corporate which is that
company's subsidiary or holding company or a subsidiary of that company's holding company, or would
be so disqualified if the body corporate were a company.
(5) If an auditor becomes subject, after his appointment, to any of the disqualifications specified in sub-
sections (3) and (4), he shall be deemed to have vacated his office as such.
22. Powers and duties of auditors .²(1) Every auditor of a company shall have a right of access at all
times to the books and accounts and vouchers of the company, whether kept at the head office of the
company or elsewhere, and shall be entitled to require from the officers of the company such
information and explanations as the auditor may think necessary for the performance of his duties
as auditor.
[(1A) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1), the auditor shall inquire²
() whether loans and advances made by the company on the basis of security have been properly
secured and whether the terms on which they have been made are not prejudicial to the interests of the
company or its members;
() where transactions of the company which are represented merely by book entries are not prejudicial
to the interests of the company;
() where the company is not an investment company within the meaning of section 372 or a banking
company, whether so much of the assets of the company as consist of shares, debentures and other
securities have been sold at a price less than that at which they were purchased by the company;
() whether loans and advances made by the company have been shown as deposits;
(›) whether personal expenses have been charged to revenue account;
() where it is stated in the books and papers of the company that any shares
have been allotted for cash, whether cash has actually been received in
respect of such allotment, and if no cash has actually been so received,
whether the position as stated in the account books and the balance sheet
is correct, regular and not misleading.]
(2) The auditor shall make a report to the members of the company on the
accounts examined by him, and on every balance sheet and profit and loss
account and on every other document declared by this Act to be part of or
annexed to the balance sheet or profit and loss account, which are laid before the
company in general meeting during his tenure of office, and the report shall state
whether, in his opinion and to the best of his information and according to the
explanations given to him, the said accounts give the information required by this
Act in the manner so required and give a true and fair view²
( ) in the case of the balance sheet, of the state of the company's affairs as at
the end of its financial year; and
( ) in the case of the profit and loss account, of the profit or loss for its
financial year.
(3) The auditor's report shall also state²
() whether he has obtained all the information and explanations which to
the best of his knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of
his audit;
() whether, in his opinion, proper books of account as required by law have
1 Inserted by Act 31 of 1965, section 21, w.e.f. 15-10-1965.
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been kept by the company so far as appears from his examination of
those books, and proper returns adequate for the purposes of his audit
have been received from branches not visited by him;
1[() whether the report on the accounts of any branch office audited under
section 228 by a person other than the company's auditor has been
forwarded to him as required by clause () of sub-section (3) of that
section and how he has dealt with the same in preparing the auditor's
report;]
() whether the company's balance sheet and profit and loss account dealt
with by the report are in agreement with the books of account and
returns;
2[() whether, in his opinion, the profit and loss account and balance sheet
complied with the accounting standards referred to in sub-section (3C) of
section 211;]
3[(›) in thick type or in italics the observations or comments of the auditors
which have any adverse effect on the functioning of the company;
() whether any director is disqualified from being appointed as director
under clause ( ) of sub-section (1) of section 274;]
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 .]
(4) Where any of the matters referred to in clauses ( ) and ( ) of sub-section
(2) or in clauses (), (), 5[, ()] 6[() and ()] of sub-section (3) is answered in
the negative or with a qualification, the auditor's report shall state the reason for
the answer.
7[(4A) The Central Government may, by general or special order,8 direct
that, in the case of such class or description of companies as may be specified in
the order, the auditor's report shall also include a statement on such matters as
may be specified therein:
Provided that before making any such order the Central Government may
consult the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India constituted under the
Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 (38 of 1949), in regard to the class or
description of companies and other ancillary matters proposed to be specified
1 Inserted by Act 65 of 1960, section 69.
2 Inserted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1999, w.r.e.f. 31-10-1998.
3 Inserted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-12-2000.
4 Inserted by the 
 
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   ) 

.
5 Inserted by Act 65 of 1960, section 69.
6 Substituted for the word "and ()" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1999, w.r.e.f.
31-10-1998.
7 Inserted by Act 31 of 1965, section 21, w.e.f. 15-10-1965.
8 ½ee Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2003, 

 





 
. ½ee
Circular No. 32/2003, dated 10-11-2003.
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therein unless the Government decides that such consultation is not necessary or
expedient in the circumstances of the case.]
1[(5) The accounts of a company shall not be deemed as not having been, and
the auditor's report shall not state that those accounts have not been, properly
drawn up on the ground merely that the company has not disclosed certain
matters if²
() Those matters are such as the company is not required to disclose by
virtue of any provisions contained in this or any other Act, and
() Those provisions are specified in the balance sheet and profit and loss
account of the company.]
22. Audit of accounts of branch office of company.²(1) Where a
company has a branch office, the accounts of that office shall, 2[be audited by the
company's auditor appointed under section 224 or] by a person qualified for
appointment as auditor of the company under section 226, or where the branch
office is situate in a country outside India, either 3[by the company's auditor or a
person qualified as aforesaid] or by an accountant duly qualified to act as an
auditor of the accounts of the branch office in accordance with the laws of that
country.
(2) Where the accounts of any branch office are 4[audited by a person other
than the company's auditor] the company's auditor²
() shall be entitled to visit the branch office, if he deems it necessary to do
so for the performance of his duties as auditor, and
() shall have a right of access at all times to the books and accounts and
vouchers of the company maintained at the branch office:
Provided that in the case of a banking company having a branch office
outside India, it shall be sufficient if the auditor is allowed access to such copies
of, and extracts from, the books and accounts of the branch as have been
transmitted to the principal office of the company in India.
5[(3)() Where a company in general meeting decides to have the accounts of
a branch office audited otherwise than by the company's auditor, the company in
that meeting shall for the audit of those accounts appoint a person qualified for
appointment as auditor of the company under section 226, or where the branch
office is situate in a country outside India, a person who is either qualified as
aforesaid or an accountant duly qualified to act as an auditor of the accounts of
the branch office in accordance with the laws of that country, or authorise the
1 Substituted by Act 65 of 1960, section 69, for sub-section (5).
2 Substituted by Act 65 of 1960, section 70, for "unless the company in general meeting decides
otherwise, be audited".
3 Substituted by section 70,  , for "by a person qualified as aforesaid".
4 Substituted by section 70,  cfor "not so audited".
5 Inserted by Act 65 of 1960, section 70.
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Board of directors to appoint such a person in consultation with the company's
auditor;
() the person so appointed (hereafter in this section referred to as the branch
auditor) shall have the same powers and duties in respect of audit of the accounts
of the branch office as the company's auditor has in respect of the same;
() the branch auditor shall prepare a report on the accounts of the branch
office examined by him and forward the same to the company's auditor who shall
in preparing the auditor's report, deal with the same in such manner as he
considers necessary;
() the branch auditor shall receive such remuneration and shall hold his
appointment subject to such terms and conditions as may be fixed either by the
company in general meeting or by the Board of directors if so authorised by the
company in general meeting.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this
section, the Central Government 1[may make rules2 providing for the exemption
of] any branch office from the provisions of this section to the extent specified in
the rules and in making such rules the Central Government shall have regard to
all or any of the following matters, namely:²
() the arrangement made by the company for the audit of accounts of the
branch office by a person otherwise qualified for appointment as branch
auditor even though such person may be an officer or employee of the
company;
() the nature and quantum of activity carried on at the branch office during
a period of three years immediately preceding the date on which the
branch office is exempted from the provisions of this section;
() the availability at a reasonable cost of a branch auditor for the audit of
accounts of the branch office;
() any other matter which in the opinion of the Central Government
justifies the grant of exemption to the branch office from the provisions
of this section.]
229. ½ignature of audit report, etc.²Only the person appointed as auditor
of the company, or where a firm is so appointed in pursuance of the proviso to
sub-section (1) of section 226, only a partner in the firm practising in India, may
sign the auditor's report, or sign or authenticate any other document of the
company required by law to be signed or authenticated by the auditor.
2. Reading and inspection of auditor's report.²The auditor's report
shall be read before the company in general meeting and shall be open to
1 Substituted by Act 31 of 1965, section 22, for "may, by rules made in this behalf, exempt",
w.e.f. 15-10-1965.
2 ½ee Companies (Branch Audit Exemption) Rules, 1961.
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inspection by any member of the company.
2 . Right of auditor to attend general meeting.²All notices of, and other
communications relating to, any general meeting of a company which any
member of the company is entitled to have sent to him shall also be forwarded to
the auditor of the company; and the auditor shall be entitled to attend any general
meeting and to be heard at any general meeting which he attends on any part of
the business which concerns him as auditor.
22. Penalty for non-compliance with sections 22 to 2 .²If default is
made by a company in complying with any of the provisions contained in
sections 225 to 231, the company, and every officer of the company who is in
default, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to 1[five thousand
rupees].
2. Penalty for non-compliance by auditor with sections 22 and 229.²
If any auditor's report is made, or any document of the company is signed or
authenticated, otherwise than in conformity with the requirements of sections 227
and 229, the auditor concerned, and the person, if any, other than the auditor who
signs the report or signs or authenticates the document, shall, if the default is
wilful, be punishable with fine which may extend to 2[ten thousand rupees].
3[2A. Power of entral Government to direct special audit in certain
cases.²(1) Where the Central Government is of the opinion²
() that the affairs of any company are not being managed in accordance
with sound business principles or prudent commercial practices; or
() that any company is being managed in a manner likely to cause serious
injury or damage to the interests of the trade, industry or business to
which it pertains; or
() that the financial position of any company is such as to endanger its
solvency;
the Central Government may at any time by order direct that a special audit of
the company's accounts for such period or periods as may be specified in the
order, shall be conducted and may by the same or a different order appoint either
a chartered accountant as defined in clause () of sub-section (1) of section 2 of
the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 (38 of 1949) (whether or not such chartered
accountant is a chartered accountant in practice within the meaning of that Act)
or the company's auditor himself to conduct such special audit.
(2) The chartered accountant or the company's auditor appointed under subsection
(1) to conduct a special audit as aforesaid is hereafter in this section
1 Substituted for "five hundred rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-
12-2000.
2 Substituted for "one thousand rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-
12-2000.
3 Inserted by Act 65 of 1960, section 71.
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referred to as the special auditor.
(3) The special auditor shall have the same powers and duties in relation to
the special audit as an auditor of a company has under section 227:
Provided that the special auditor shall, instead of making his report to the
members of the company, make the same to the Central Government.
(4) The report of the special auditor shall, as far as may be, include all the
matters required to be included in an auditor's report under section 227 and, if the
Central Government so directs, shall also include a statement on any other matter
which may be referred to him by that Government.
(5) The Central Government may by order direct any person specified in the
order to furnish to the special auditor within such time as may be specified
therein such information or additional information as may be required by the
special auditor in connection with the special audit; and on failure to comply with
such order such person shall be punishable with fine which may extend to 1[five
thousand rupees].
(6) On receipt of the report of the special auditor, the Central Government
may take such action on the report as it considers necessary in accordance with
the provisions of this Act or any other law for the time being in force:
Provided that if the Central Government does not take any action on the
report within four months from the date of its receipt, that Government shall send
to the company either a copy of, or relevant extract from, the report with its
comments thereon and require the company either to circulate that copy or those
extracts to the members or to have such copy or extracts read before the company
at its next general meeting.
(7) The expenses of, and incidental to, any special audit under this section
(including the remuneration of the special auditor) shall be determined by the
Central Government (which determination shall be final) and paid by the
company and in default of such payment shall be recoverable from the company
as an arrear of land revenue.
2[2
. Audit of cost accounts in certain cases.²(1) Where in the opinion
of the Central Government it is necessary so to do in relation to any company
required under clause () of sub-section (1) of section 209 to include in its books
of account the particulars referred to therein, the Central Government may, by
order direct that an audit of cost accounts of the company shall be conducted in
such manner as may be specified in the order by an auditor 3[who shall be a cost
accountant within the meaning of the Cost and Works Accountants Act, 1959 (23
of 1959)]:
1 Substituted for "five hundred rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-
12-2000.
2 Inserted by Act 31 of 1965, section 23, w.e.f. 15-10-1965.
3 Substituted by Act 41 of 1974, section 25, for certain words w.e.f. 1-2-1975.
www.bharatlaws.com
Provided that if the Central Government is of opinion that sufficient number
of cost accountants within the meaning of the Cost and Works Accountants Act,
1959 (23 of 1959) are not available for conducting the audit of the cost accounts
of companies generally, that Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, direct that, for such period as may be specified in the said notification,
such Chartered Accountant within the meaning of the Chartered Accountants
Act, 1949 (38 of 1949), as possesses the prescribed qualifications, may also
conduct the audit of the cost accounts of companies, and thereupon a Chartered
Accountant possessing the prescribed qualifications may be appointed to audit
the cost accounts of the company.]
1[(2) The auditor under this section shall be appointed by the Board of
directors of the company in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1B) of
section 224 and with the previous approval2 of the Central Government:
Provided that before the appointment of any auditor is made by the Board, a
written certificate shall be obtained by the Board from the auditor proposed to be
so appointed to the effect that the appointment, if made, will be in accordance
with the provisions of sub-section (1B) of section 224.]
(3) An audit conducted by an auditor under this section shall be in addition to
an audit conducted by an auditor appointed under section 224.
(4) An auditor shall have the same powers and duties in relation to an audit
conducted by him under this section as an auditor of a company has under subsection
(1) of section 227 and such auditor shall make his report to the 3[Central
Government] in such form4 and within such time as may be prescribed and shall
also at the same time forward a copy of the report to the company.]
5[(5)() A person referred to in sub-section (3) or sub-section (4) of section
226 shall not be appointed or re-appointed for conducting the audit of the cost
accounts of a company.
() A person appointed, under section 224, as an auditor of a company, shall
not be appointed or re-appointed for conducting the audit of the cost accounts of
that company.
() If a person, appointed for conducting the audit of cost accounts of a
company, becomes subject, after his appointment, to any of the disqualifications
specified in clause () or clause () of this sub-section, he shall on and from the
date on which he becomes so subject, cease to conduct the audit of the cost
1 Substituted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1988, section 35, w.e.f. 15-6-1988 for subsection
(2) which was earlier substituted by Act 41 of 1974, section 25. Prior to the present
substitution, sub-section (2) read as follows:
"(2) The auditor under this section shall be appointed by the Board of directors of the
company with the previous approval of the Central Government."
2 ½ee e-Form 23C, Companies (Central Government's) General Rules and Forms, 1956.
3 Substituted by Act 41 of 1974, section 25 for "Company Law Board" w.e.f. 1-2-1975.
4 ½ee Cost Audit (Report) Rules, 2001.
5 Inserted by Act 41 of 1974, section 25, w.e.f. 1-2-1975.
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accounts of the company.
(6) Upon receipt of an order under sub-section (1), it shall be the duty of the
company to give all facilities and assistance to the person appointed for
conducting the audit of the cost accounts of the company.
1(7) The company shall, within thirty days from the date of receipt of a copy
of the report referred to in sub-section (4), furnish the Central Government with
full information and explanations on every reservation or qualification contained
in such report.
(8) If, after considering the report referred to in sub-section (4) and the
information and explanations furnished by the company under sub-section (7),
the Central Government is of opinion that any further information or explanation
is necessary that Government may call for such further information and
explanation and thereupon the company shall furnish the same within such time
as may be specified by that Government.
(9) On receipt of the report referred to in sub-section (4) and the informations
and explanations furnished by the company under sub-section (7) and sub-section
(8), the Central Government may take such action on the report, in accordance
with the provisions of this Act or any other law for the time being in force, as it
may consider necessary.
(10) The Central Government may direct the company whose cost accounts
have been audited under this section to circulate to its members, along with the
notice of the annual general meeting to be held for the first time after the
submission of such report, the whole or such portion of the said report as it may
specify in this behalf.
(11) If default is made in complying with the provisions of this section, the
company shall be liable to be punished with fine which may extend to 2[fifty
thousand rupees] and every officer of the company who is in default, shall be
liable to be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three
years, or with fine which may extend to 3[fifty thousand rupees], or with both.]
!›cc› cccc  c›&c
24. Power of Registrar to call for information or explanation.²(1)
Where, on perusing any document which a company is required to submit to him
under this Act, the Registrar is of opinion that any information or explanation is
necessary 4[with respect to any matter to which such document] purports to
relate, he may, by a written order, call on the company submitting the document
to furnish in writing such information or explanation, within such time as he may
specify in the order.
1 ½ee e-Form 65, Companies (Central Government's) General Rules and Forms, 1956.
2 Substituted for "five thousand rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-
12-2000.
3 Substituted for "five thousand rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-
12-2000.
4 Substituted by Act 65 of 1960, section 72, for certain words.c% c
224. Appointment and remuneration of auditors .²2[(1) Every company
shall, at each annual general meeting, appoint an auditor or auditors to hold
office from the conclusion of that meeting until the conclusion of the next annual
general meeting and shall, within seven days of the appointment, give intimation
thereof to every auditor so appointed 3[* * *]:
4[Provided that before any appointment or re-appointment of auditor or
auditors is made by any company at any annual general meeting, a written
certificate shall be obtained by the company from the auditor or auditors
proposed to be so appointed to the effect that the appointment or re-appointment,
if made, will be in accordance with the limits specified in sub-section (1B).]
(1A) Every auditor appointed under sub-section (1), 5[* * *] shall within
thirty days of the receipt from the company of the intimation of his appointment,
inform the Registrar in writing that he has accepted, or refused to accept, the
appointment.6]
7[(1B) On and from the financial year next following the commencement of
the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1974 (41 of 1974), no company or its Board
1 Substituted for "fifty rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f.
13-12-2000.
2 Substituted by Act 65 of 1960, section 67 for sub-section (1).
3 The words "unless he is a retiring auditor", omitted by Act 41 of 1974, section 23, w.e.f. 1-2-
1975.
4 Inserted by Act 41 of 1974, section 23,  , w.e.f. 1-2-1975.
5 The words "unless he is a retiring auditor", omitted by Act 41 of 1974, section 23, w.e.f. 1-2-
1975.
6 ½ee e-Form 23B, Companies (Central Government's) General Rules and Forms, 1956.
7 Inserted by Act 41 of 1974, section 23, w.e.f. 1-2-1975.
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of directors shall appoint or re-appoint any person 1[who is in full-time
employment elsewhere] or firm as its auditor if such person or firm is, at the date
of such appointment or re-appointment, holding appointment as auditor of the
specified number of companies or more than the specified number of companies:
2[Provided that in the case of a firm of auditors, "specified number of
companies" shall be construed as the number of companies specified for every
partner of the firm who is not in full-time employment elsewhere]:
Provided further that where any partner of the firm is also a partner of any
other firm or firms of auditors, the number of companies which may be taken
into account, by all the firms together, in relation to such partner shall not exceed
the specified number, in the aggregate]:
Provided also that where any partner of a firm of auditors is also holding
office, in his individual capacity, as the auditor of one or more companies, the
number of companies which may be taken into account in his case shall not
exceed the specified number, in the aggregate:]
3[Provided also that the provisions of this sub-section shall not apply, on and
after the commencement of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, to a private
company.]
4[(1C) For the purposes of enabling a company to comply with the provisions
of sub-section (1B), a person or firm holding, immediately before the
commencement of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1974 (41 of 1974),
appointment as the auditor of a number of companies exceeding the specified
number, shall, within sixty days from such commencement, intimate his or its
unwillingness to be re-appointed as the auditor from the financial year next
following such commencement, to the company or companies of which he or it is
not willing to be re-appointed as the auditor; and shall simultaneously intimate to
the Registrar the names of the companies of which he or it is willing to be reappointed
as the auditor and forward a copy of the intimation to each of the
companies referred to therein.
6
 cI.²For the purposes of sub-sections (1B) and (1C), "specified
number" means,²
() in the case of a person or firm holding appointment as auditor of a
number of companies each of which has a paid-up share capital of less
than rupees twenty-five lakhs, twenty such companies;
() in any other case, twenty companies, out of which not more than ten
1 Inserted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1988, section 33, w.e.f. 15-6-1988.
2 Substituted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1988, section 33, w.e.f. 15-6-1988 for:
"Provided that in the case of a firm of auditors, specified number of companies shall be
construed as specified number of companies per partner of the firm."
3 Inserted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-12-2000.
4 Inserted by Act 41 of 1974, section 23, w.e.f. 1-2-1975.
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shall be companies each of which has a paid-up share capital of rupees
twenty-five lakhs or more.
6
 cII.²In computing the specified number, the number of
companies in respect of which or any part of which any person or firm has been
appointed as an auditor, whether singly or in combination with any other person
or firm, shall be taken into account.]
(2) 1[Subject to the provisions of sub-section (1B) and section 224A, at any
annual general meeting], a retiring auditor, by whatsoever authority appointed,
shall be re-appointed, unless²
() he is not qualified for re-appointment;
() he has given the company notice in writing of his unwillingness to be reappointed;
() a resolution has been passed at that meeting appointing somebody
instead of him or providing expressly that he shall not be re-appointed; or
() where notice has been given of an intended resolution to appoint some
person or persons in the place of a retiring auditor, and by reason of the
death, incapacity or disqualification of that person or of all those persons,
as the case may be, the resolution cannot be proceeded with.
(3) Where at an annual general meeting no auditors are appointed or reappointed,
the Central Government may appoint a person to fill the vacancy.2
(4) The company shall, within seven days of the Central Government's power
under sub-section (3), becoming exercisable, give notice of that fact to that
Government; and, if a company fails to give such notice, the company, and every
officer of the company who is in default, shall be punishable, with fine which
may extend to 3[five thousand rupees].4
(5) The first auditor or auditors of a company shall be appointed by the
Board of directors within one month of the date of registration of the company;
and the auditor or auditors so appointed shall hold office until the conclusion of
the first annual general meeting:
Provided that²
() the company may, at a general meeting, remove any such auditor or all
1 Substituted by Act 41 of 1974, section 23 for "At any annual general meeting", w.e.f.
1-2-1975.
2 Powers delegated to Regional Directors  ›cNotification No. GSR 288(E), dated
31-5-1991. ½ee e-Form 24A, Companies (Central Government's) General Rules and Forms,
1956.
3 Substituted for "five hundred rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-
12-2000.
4 Powers delegated to Regional Directors  ›cNotification No. GSR 288(E), dated
31-5-1991. ½ee e-Form 24A, Companies (Central Government's) General Rules and Forms,
1956.
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or any of such auditors and appoint in his or their places any other person
or persons who have been nominated for appointment by any member of
the company and of whose nomination notice has been given to the
members of the company not less than fourteen days before the date of
the meeting; and
() if the Board fails to exercise its powers under this sub-section, the
company in general meeting may appoint the first auditor or auditors.
(6)() The Board may fill any casual vacancy in the office of an auditor; but
while any such vacancy continues, the remaining auditor or auditors, if any, may
act:
Provided that where such vacancy is caused by the resignation of an auditor,
the vacancy shall only be filled by the company in general meeting.
() Any auditor appointed in a casual vacancy shall hold office until the
conclusion of the next annual general meeting.
(7) Except as provided in the proviso to sub-section (5), any auditor
appointed under this section may be removed from office before the expiry of his
term only by the company in general meeting, after obtaining the previous
approval of the Central Government in that behalf.1
(8) The remuneration of the auditors of a company²
() in the case of an auditor appointed by the Board or the Central
Government, may be fixed by the Board or the Central Government, as
the case may be2; and*
3[() in the case of an auditor appointed under section 619 by the Comptroller
and Auditor-General of India, shall be fixed by the company in general
meeting or in such manner as the company in general meeting may
determine;*]
() subject to clause (), shall be fixed by the company in general meeting or
in such manner as the company in general meeting may determine.
For the purposes of this sub-section, any sums paid by the company in
respect of the auditors' expenses shall be deemed to be included in the expression
"remuneration".
4[224A. Auditor not to be appointed except with the approval of the
company by special resolution in certain cases.²(1) In the case of a company
in which not less than twenty-five per cent of the subscribed share capital is held,
1 Powers delegated to Regional Directors  ›cNotification No. GSR 288(E), dated
31-5-1991.
2 ' .
* The word "and" needs to be transposed from clause () to clause ().
3 Inserted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-12-2000.
4 Inserted by Act 41 of 1974, section 24, w.e.f. 1-2-1975.
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whether singly or in any combination, by²
() a public financial institution or a Government company or Central
Government or any State Government, or
() any financial or other institution established by any Provincial or State
Act in which a State Government holds not less than fifty-one per cent of
the subscribed share capital, or
() a nationalised bank or an insurance company carrying on general
insurance business,
the appointment or re-appointment at each annual general meeting of an auditor
or auditors shall be made by a special resolution.
(2) Where any company referred to in sub-section (1) omits or fails to pass at
its annual general meeting any special resolution appointing an auditor or
auditors, it shall be deemed that no auditor or auditors had been appointed by the
company at its annual general meeting, and thereupon the provisions of subsection
(3) of section 224 shall become applicable in relation to such company.
6
 .²For the purposes of this section,²
() "general insurance business" has the meaning assigned to it in the
General Insurance (Emergency Provisions) Act, 1971 (17 of 1971);
() "nationalised bank" means a corresponding new bank as defined in the
Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act,
1970 (5 of 1970) 1[or in the Banking Companies (Acquisition and
Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980 (40 of 1980).]
22. Provisions as to resolutions for appointing or removing auditors .²
(1) Special notice shall be required for a resolution at an annual general meeting
appointing as auditor a person other than a retiring auditor, or providing
expressly that a retiring auditor shall not be re-appointed.
(2) On receipt of notice of such a resolution, the company shall forthwith
send a copy thereof to the retiring auditor.
(3) Where notice is given of such a resolution and the retiring auditor makes
with respect thereto representations in writing to the company (not exceeding a
reasonable length) and requests their notification to members of the company, the
company shall, unless the representations are received by it too late for it to do
so,²
() in any notice of the resolution given to members of the company, state
the fact of the representations having been made; and
() send a copy of the representations to every member of the company to
whom notice of the meeting is sent, whether before or after the receipt of
the representations by the company;
1 Inserted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1988, section 34, w.e.f. 15-6-1988.
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and if a copy of the representations is not sent as aforesaid because they were
received too late or because of the company's default the auditor may (without
prejudice to his right to be heard orally) require that the representations shall be
read out at the meeting:
Provided that copies of the representations need not be sent out and the
representations need not be read out at the meeting if, on the application either of
the company or of any other person who claims to be aggrieved, the 1[ ›c
››] is satisfied that the rights conferred by this sub-section are being
abused to secure needless publicity for defamatory matter; and the 2[ ›c
››] may order the company's costs on such an application to be paid in
whole or in part by the auditor, notwithstanding that he is not a party to the
application.3
(4) Sub-sections (2) and (3) shall apply to a resolution to remove the first
auditors or any of them under sub-section (5) of section 224 or to the removal of
any auditor or auditors under sub-section (7) of that section, as they apply in
relation to a resolution that a retiring auditor shall not be re-appointed.
22. Qualifications and disqualifications of auditors .²(1) A person shall
not be qualified for appointment as auditor of a company unless he is a chartered
accountant within the meaning of the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 (38 of
1949):
Provided that a firm whereof all the partners practising in India are qualified
for appointment as aforesaid may be appointed by its firm name to be auditor of a
company, in which case any partner so practising may act in the name of the
firm.
(2)() Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), but subject to
the provisions of any rules made under clause (), the holder of a certificate
granted under a law in force in the whole or any portion of a Part B State
immediately before the commencement of the Part B States (Laws) Act, 1951 (3
of 1951) 4[or of the Jammu and Kashmir (Extension of Laws) Act, 1956, (62 of
1956), as the case may be,] entitling him to act as an auditor of companies 5[in
the territories which, immediately before the 1st November, 1956, were
comprised in that State] or any portion thereof, shall be entitled to be appointed
to act as an auditor of companies registered anywhere in 6[India].
() The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
make rules providing for the grant, renewal, suspension or cancellation of
1 Substituted for "Company Law Board" by the 
 
ñ½ 
   ) 

.
2 -3 .
3 Fees prescribed is Rs. 500, w.e.f. 1-4-2000. On notification of the commencement of the
amendment, power will be transferred to the Central Government.
4 Inserted by Act 62 of 1956, section 2 and Schedule w.e.f. 1-11-1956.
5 Substituted by the A.O. (No. 3) 1956, for "in that State".
6 Substituted by Act 65 of 1960, section 68, for "those territories".
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auditors' certificates to persons in 1[the territories which, immediately before the
1st November, 1956, were comprised in Part B States] for the purposes of clause
, and prescribing conditions and restrictions for such grant, renewal,
suspension or cancellation.
(3) None of the following persons shall be qualified for appointment as
auditor of a company²
() a body corporate;
() an officer or employee of the company;
() a person who is a partner, or who is in the employment, of an officer or
employee of the company;
() a person who is indebted to the company for an amount exceeding one
thousand rupees, or who has given any guarantee or provided any
security in connection with the indebtedness of any third person to the
company for an amount exceeding one thousand rupees;
2[(›) a person holding any security of that company after a period of one year
from the date of commencement of the Companies (Amendment) Act,
2000.
6
 .²For the purposes of this section, "security" means an
instrument which carries voting rights:]
6
 .²References in this sub-section to an officer or employee shall
be construed as not including references to an auditor.
(4) A person shall also not be qualified for appointment as auditor of a
company if he is, by virtue of sub-section (3), disqualified for appointment as
auditor of any other body corporate which is that company's subsidiary or
holding company or a subsidiary of that company's holding company, or would
be so disqualified if the body corporate were a company.
(5) If an auditor becomes subject, after his appointment, to any of the
disqualifications specified in sub-sections (3) and (4), he shall be deemed to have
vacated his office as such.
22. Powers and duties of auditors.²(1) Every auditor of a company shall
have a right of access at all times to the books and accounts and vouchers of the
company, whether kept at the head office of the company or elsewhere, and shall
be entitled to require from the officers of the company such information and
explanations as the auditor may think necessary for the performance of his duties
as auditor.
1 Substituted by the A.O. (No. 3) 1956, for "Part B States".
2 Substituted for clauses (›) and () by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f.
13-12-2000.
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1[(1A) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1), the auditor
shall inquire²
() whether loans and advances made by the company on the basis of
security have been properly secured and whether the terms on which they
have been made are not prejudicial to the interests of the company or its
members;
() where transactions of the company which are represented merely by
book entries are not prejudicial to the interests of the company;
() where the company is not an investment company within the meaning of
section 372 or a banking company, whether so much of the assets of the
company as consist of shares, debentures and other securities have been
sold at a price less than that at which they were purchased by the
company;
() whether loans and advances made by the company have been shown as
deposits;
(›) whether personal expenses have been charged to revenue account;
() where it is stated in the books and papers of the company that any shares
have been allotted for cash, whether cash has actually been received in
respect of such allotment, and if no cash has actually been so received,
whether the position as stated in the account books and the balance sheet
is correct, regular and not misleading.]
(2) The auditor shall make a report to the members of the company on the
accounts examined by him, and on every balance sheet and profit and loss
account and on every other document declared by this Act to be part of or
annexed to the balance sheet or profit and loss account, which are laid before the
company in general meeting during his tenure of office, and the report shall state
whether, in his opinion and to the best of his information and according to the
explanations given to him, the said accounts give the information required by this
Act in the manner so required and give a true and fair view²
( ) in the case of the balance sheet, of the state of the company's affairs as at
the end of its financial year; and
( ) in the case of the profit and loss account, of the profit or loss for its
financial year.
(3) The auditor's report shall also state²
() whether he has obtained all the information and explanations which to
the best of his knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of
his audit;
() whether, in his opinion, proper books of account as required by law have
1 Inserted by Act 31 of 1965, section 21, w.e.f. 15-10-1965.
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been kept by the company so far as appears from his examination of
those books, and proper returns adequate for the purposes of his audit
have been received from branches not visited by him;
1[() whether the report on the accounts of any branch office audited under
section 228 by a person other than the company's auditor has been
forwarded to him as required by clause () of sub-section (3) of that
section and how he has dealt with the same in preparing the auditor's
report;]
() whether the company's balance sheet and profit and loss account dealt
with by the report are in agreement with the books of account and
returns;
2[() whether, in his opinion, the profit and loss account and balance sheet
complied with the accounting standards referred to in sub-section (3C) of
section 211;]
3[(›) in thick type or in italics the observations or comments of the auditors
which have any adverse effect on the functioning of the company;
() whether any director is disqualified from being appointed as director
under clause ( ) of sub-section (1) of section 274;]
4[(g) !"›"›c"›c›c
#›c›c› c$$%c"c››c
 cc c c
"›c› cccc›ccc
 .]
(4) Where any of the matters referred to in clauses ( ) and ( ) of sub-section
(2) or in clauses (), (), 5[, ()] 6[() and ()] of sub-section (3) is answered in
the negative or with a qualification, the auditor's report shall state the reason for
the answer.
7[(4A) The Central Government may, by general or special order,8 direct
that, in the case of such class or description of companies as may be specified in
the order, the auditor's report shall also include a statement on such matters as
may be specified therein:
Provided that before making any such order the Central Government may
consult the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India constituted under the
Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 (38 of 1949), in regard to the class or
description of companies and other ancillary matters proposed to be specified
1 Inserted by Act 65 of 1960, section 69.
2 Inserted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1999, w.r.e.f. 31-10-1998.
3 Inserted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-12-2000.
4 Inserted by the 
 
ñ½ 
   ) 

.
5 Inserted by Act 65 of 1960, section 69.
6 Substituted for the word "and ()" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1999, w.r.e.f.
31-10-1998.
7 Inserted by Act 31 of 1965, section 21, w.e.f. 15-10-1965.
8 ½ee Companies (Auditor's Report) Order, 2003, 

 





 
. ½ee
Circular No. 32/2003, dated 10-11-2003.
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therein unless the Government decides that such consultation is not necessary or
expedient in the circumstances of the case.]
1[(5) The accounts of a company shall not be deemed as not having been, and
the auditor's report shall not state that those accounts have not been, properly
drawn up on the ground merely that the company has not disclosed certain
matters if²
() Those matters are such as the company is not required to disclose by
virtue of any provisions contained in this or any other Act, and
() Those provisions are specified in the balance sheet and profit and loss
account of the company.]
22. Audit of accounts of branch office of company.²(1) Where a
company has a branch office, the accounts of that office shall, 2[be audited by the
company's auditor appointed under section 224 or] by a person qualified for
appointment as auditor of the company under section 226, or where the branch
office is situate in a country outside India, either 3[by the company's auditor or a
person qualified as aforesaid] or by an accountant duly qualified to act as an
auditor of the accounts of the branch office in accordance with the laws of that
country.
(2) Where the accounts of any branch office are 4[audited by a person other
than the company's auditor] the company's auditor²
() shall be entitled to visit the branch office, if he deems it necessary to do
so for the performance of his duties as auditor, and
() shall have a right of access at all times to the books and accounts and
vouchers of the company maintained at the branch office:
Provided that in the case of a banking company having a branch office
outside India, it shall be sufficient if the auditor is allowed access to such copies
of, and extracts from, the books and accounts of the branch as have been
transmitted to the principal office of the company in India.
5[(3)() Where a company in general meeting decides to have the accounts of
a branch office audited otherwise than by the company's auditor, the company in
that meeting shall for the audit of those accounts appoint a person qualified for
appointment as auditor of the company under section 226, or where the branch
office is situate in a country outside India, a person who is either qualified as
aforesaid or an accountant duly qualified to act as an auditor of the accounts of
the branch office in accordance with the laws of that country, or authorise the
1 Substituted by Act 65 of 1960, section 69, for sub-section (5).
2 Substituted by Act 65 of 1960, section 70, for "unless the company in general meeting decides
otherwise, be audited".
3 Substituted by section 70,  , for "by a person qualified as aforesaid".
4 Substituted by section 70,  cfor "not so audited".
5 Inserted by Act 65 of 1960, section 70.
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Board of directors to appoint such a person in consultation with the company's
auditor;
() the person so appointed (hereafter in this section referred to as the branch
auditor) shall have the same powers and duties in respect of audit of the accounts
of the branch office as the company's auditor has in respect of the same;
() the branch auditor shall prepare a report on the accounts of the branch
office examined by him and forward the same to the company's auditor who shall
in preparing the auditor's report, deal with the same in such manner as he
considers necessary;
() the branch auditor shall receive such remuneration and shall hold his
appointment subject to such terms and conditions as may be fixed either by the
company in general meeting or by the Board of directors if so authorised by the
company in general meeting.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this
section, the Central Government 1[may make rules2 providing for the exemption
of] any branch office from the provisions of this section to the extent specified in
the rules and in making such rules the Central Government shall have regard to
all or any of the following matters, namely:²
() the arrangement made by the company for the audit of accounts of the
branch office by a person otherwise qualified for appointment as branch
auditor even though such person may be an officer or employee of the
company;
() the nature and quantum of activity carried on at the branch office during
a period of three years immediately preceding the date on which the
branch office is exempted from the provisions of this section;
() the availability at a reasonable cost of a branch auditor for the audit of
accounts of the branch office;
() any other matter which in the opinion of the Central Government
justifies the grant of exemption to the branch office from the provisions
of this section.]
229. ½ignature of audit report, etc.²Only the person appointed as auditor
of the company, or where a firm is so appointed in pursuance of the proviso to
sub-section (1) of section 226, only a partner in the firm practising in India, may
sign the auditor's report, or sign or authenticate any other document of the
company required by law to be signed or authenticated by the auditor.
2. Reading and inspection of auditor's report.²The auditor's report
shall be read before the company in general meeting and shall be open to
1 Substituted by Act 31 of 1965, section 22, for "may, by rules made in this behalf, exempt",
w.e.f. 15-10-1965.
2 ½ee Companies (Branch Audit Exemption) Rules, 1961.
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inspection by any member of the company.
2 . Right of auditor to attend general meeting.²All notices of, and other
communications relating to, any general meeting of a company which any
member of the company is entitled to have sent to him shall also be forwarded to
the auditor of the company; and the auditor shall be entitled to attend any general
meeting and to be heard at any general meeting which he attends on any part of
the business which concerns him as auditor.
22. Penalty for non-compliance with sections 22 to 2 .²If default is
made by a company in complying with any of the provisions contained in
sections 225 to 231, the company, and every officer of the company who is in
default, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to 1[five thousand
rupees].
2. Penalty for non-compliance by auditor with sections 22 and 229.²
If any auditor's report is made, or any document of the company is signed or
authenticated, otherwise than in conformity with the requirements of sections 227
and 229, the auditor concerned, and the person, if any, other than the auditor who
signs the report or signs or authenticates the document, shall, if the default is
wilful, be punishable with fine which may extend to 2[ten thousand rupees].
3[2A. Power of entral Government to direct special audit in certain
cases.²(1) Where the Central Government is of the opinion²
() that the affairs of any company are not being managed in accordance
with sound business principles or prudent commercial practices; or
() that any company is being managed in a manner likely to cause serious
injury or damage to the interests of the trade, industry or business to
which it pertains; or
() that the financial position of any company is such as to endanger its
solvency;
the Central Government may at any time by order direct that a special audit of
the company's accounts for such period or periods as may be specified in the
order, shall be conducted and may by the same or a different order appoint either
a chartered accountant as defined in clause () of sub-section (1) of section 2 of
the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 (38 of 1949) (whether or not such chartered
accountant is a chartered accountant in practice within the meaning of that Act)
or the company's auditor himself to conduct such special audit.
(2) The chartered accountant or the company's auditor appointed under subsection
(1) to conduct a special audit as aforesaid is hereafter in this section
1 Substituted for "five hundred rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-
12-2000.
2 Substituted for "one thousand rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-
12-2000.
3 Inserted by Act 65 of 1960, section 71.
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referred to as the special auditor.
(3) The special auditor shall have the same powers and duties in relation to
the special audit as an auditor of a company has under section 227:
Provided that the special auditor shall, instead of making his report to the
members of the company, make the same to the Central Government.
(4) The report of the special auditor shall, as far as may be, include all the
matters required to be included in an auditor's report under section 227 and, if the
Central Government so directs, shall also include a statement on any other matter
which may be referred to him by that Government.
(5) The Central Government may by order direct any person specified in the
order to furnish to the special auditor within such time as may be specified
therein such information or additional information as may be required by the
special auditor in connection with the special audit; and on failure to comply with
such order such person shall be punishable with fine which may extend to 1[five
thousand rupees].
(6) On receipt of the report of the special auditor, the Central Government
may take such action on the report as it considers necessary in accordance with
the provisions of this Act or any other law for the time being in force:
Provided that if the Central Government does not take any action on the
report within four months from the date of its receipt, that Government shall send
to the company either a copy of, or relevant extract from, the report with its
comments thereon and require the company either to circulate that copy or those
extracts to the members or to have such copy or extracts read before the company
at its next general meeting.
(7) The expenses of, and incidental to, any special audit under this section
(including the remuneration of the special auditor) shall be determined by the
Central Government (which determination shall be final) and paid by the
company and in default of such payment shall be recoverable from the company
as an arrear of land revenue.
2[2
. Audit of cost accounts in certain cases.²(1) Where in the opinion
of the Central Government it is necessary so to do in relation to any company
required under clause () of sub-section (1) of section 209 to include in its books
of account the particulars referred to therein, the Central Government may, by
order direct that an audit of cost accounts of the company shall be conducted in
such manner as may be specified in the order by an auditor 3[who shall be a cost
accountant within the meaning of the Cost and Works Accountants Act, 1959 (23
of 1959)]:
1 Substituted for "five hundred rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-
12-2000.
2 Inserted by Act 31 of 1965, section 23, w.e.f. 15-10-1965.
3 Substituted by Act 41 of 1974, section 25, for certain words w.e.f. 1-2-1975.
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Provided that if the Central Government is of opinion that sufficient number
of cost accountants within the meaning of the Cost and Works Accountants Act,
1959 (23 of 1959) are not available for conducting the audit of the cost accounts
of companies generally, that Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, direct that, for such period as may be specified in the said notification,
such Chartered Accountant within the meaning of the Chartered Accountants
Act, 1949 (38 of 1949), as possesses the prescribed qualifications, may also
conduct the audit of the cost accounts of companies, and thereupon a Chartered
Accountant possessing the prescribed qualifications may be appointed to audit
the cost accounts of the company.]
1[(2) The auditor under this section shall be appointed by the Board of
directors of the company in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1B) of
section 224 and with the previous approval2 of the Central Government:
Provided that before the appointment of any auditor is made by the Board, a
written certificate shall be obtained by the Board from the auditor proposed to be
so appointed to the effect that the appointment, if made, will be in accordance
with the provisions of sub-section (1B) of section 224.]
(3) An audit conducted by an auditor under this section shall be in addition to
an audit conducted by an auditor appointed under section 224.
(4) An auditor shall have the same powers and duties in relation to an audit
conducted by him under this section as an auditor of a company has under subsection
(1) of section 227 and such auditor shall make his report to the 3[Central
Government] in such form4 and within such time as may be prescribed and shall
also at the same time forward a copy of the report to the company.]
5[(5)() A person referred to in sub-section (3) or sub-section (4) of section
226 shall not be appointed or re-appointed for conducting the audit of the cost
accounts of a company.
() A person appointed, under section 224, as an auditor of a company, shall
not be appointed or re-appointed for conducting the audit of the cost accounts of
that company.
() If a person, appointed for conducting the audit of cost accounts of a
company, becomes subject, after his appointment, to any of the disqualifications
specified in clause () or clause () of this sub-section, he shall on and from the
date on which he becomes so subject, cease to conduct the audit of the cost
1 Substituted by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1988, section 35, w.e.f. 15-6-1988 for subsection
(2) which was earlier substituted by Act 41 of 1974, section 25. Prior to the present
substitution, sub-section (2) read as follows:
"(2) The auditor under this section shall be appointed by the Board of directors of the
company with the previous approval of the Central Government."
2 ½ee e-Form 23C, Companies (Central Government's) General Rules and Forms, 1956.
3 Substituted by Act 41 of 1974, section 25 for "Company Law Board" w.e.f. 1-2-1975.
4 ½ee Cost Audit (Report) Rules, 2001.
5 Inserted by Act 41 of 1974, section 25, w.e.f. 1-2-1975.
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accounts of the company.
(6) Upon receipt of an order under sub-section (1), it shall be the duty of the
company to give all facilities and assistance to the person appointed for
conducting the audit of the cost accounts of the company.
1(7) The company shall, within thirty days from the date of receipt of a copy
of the report referred to in sub-section (4), furnish the Central Government with
full information and explanations on every reservation or qualification contained
in such report.
(8) If, after considering the report referred to in sub-section (4) and the
information and explanations furnished by the company under sub-section (7),
the Central Government is of opinion that any further information or explanation
is necessary that Government may call for such further information and
explanation and thereupon the company shall furnish the same within such time
as may be specified by that Government.
(9) On receipt of the report referred to in sub-section (4) and the informations
and explanations furnished by the company under sub-section (7) and sub-section
(8), the Central Government may take such action on the report, in accordance
with the provisions of this Act or any other law for the time being in force, as it
may consider necessary.
(10) The Central Government may direct the company whose cost accounts
have been audited under this section to circulate to its members, along with the
notice of the annual general meeting to be held for the first time after the
submission of such report, the whole or such portion of the said report as it may
specify in this behalf.
(11) If default is made in complying with the provisions of this section, the
company shall be liable to be punished with fine which may extend to 2[fifty
thousand rupees] and every officer of the company who is in default, shall be
liable to be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three
years, or with fine which may extend to 3[fifty thousand rupees], or with both.]
!›cc› cccc  c›&c
24. Power of Registrar to call for information or explanation.²(1)
Where, on perusing any document which a company is required to submit to him
under this Act, the Registrar is of opinion that any information or explanation is
necessary 4[with respect to any matter to which such document] purports to
relate, he may, by a written order, call on the company submitting the document
to furnish in writing such information or explanation, within such time as he may
specify in the order.
1 ½ee e-Form 65, Companies (Central Government's) General Rules and Forms, 1956.
2 Substituted for "five thousand rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-
12-2000.
3 Substituted for "five thousand rupees" by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2000, w.e.f. 13-
12-2000.
4 Substituted by Act 65 of 1960, section 72, for certain words.