2010 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED 2010) Nanjing, 20-23 Sep.

2010

Intelligent Decision System for Start-up Schemes Based on

the Power-Grid Integrated Data Platform
Yu Quan Liu1,2,Guo Pei Wu1,2,Xiong Wei2,Xiao Lu Li3,Hong Cheng Jiang3,Yong Kai Yuan3,Jian
Bin Huo2,Xin Huang2
1: South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province,510620,China
2: The Dispatching Centre of Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province,510620,China;
3: Dongfang Electronics Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000,China;
E-MAIL: liuyq@gzpsc.com; wugp@gzpsc.com; weix@gzpsc.com; lixiaolu@dongfang-china.com;
jianghongcheng@dongfang-china.com; yuanyongkai@dongfang-china.com; huojianb@gzpsc.com; huangx@gzpsc.com;

Abstract: A smart start program decision making

system based on power system integrated data 2. DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL
platform is introduced in this paper. The data STRUCTURES
platform of the power system is integrated with
EMS, GIS, DAS as well as MIS for protective 2.1. Design Principles
relaying, which abbeys IEC61970. Many obstacles
are conquered with all of the new techniques, The most essential design principles are standardized
which will be described in detail. models, generalized algorithms, independent structures and
securities.
KEY WORD: Smart Operation, Start Program, 1) Standardized models: All the models and their
Smart Decision, Integrated Data Platform parameters obey IEC61970 with open interfaces,
figures in SVG format is supported;
2) Generalized algorithms: The topological analysis
modules should not be effected by different
1. INTRODUCTION connection types and voltage levels, while the
topology can be updated automatically by the
The upgrading of electrical power system from variation of system parameters, general descriptions of
experiential operation to smart operation is required by the connection types and operation modes have already
fast development of modern electrical industry. The been integrated into knowledge base;
technical support system for smart grid operation is the 3) Independent structures: The software occupies
basis of smart grid construction and smart operation, while independent server process, thus all the operations on
the adaptive application of the support system is one of the historical database and real-time database can only
most critical key for smart operations, in which the effect current application. Furthermore, independent
composition and examination of the start programs for server is deployed on hardware level;
electric transmission and transformation equipment is of 4) Securities: Error judgment, operation simulation and
vital importance. friendly interface is designed to prevent errors to
The traditional start program for electrical power happen on different levels.
system is related with manual composition and multi-level
examinations, which is heavy work loading and 2.1. General Structures
high-risking. Furthermore, the advanced techniques and
valuable information within the dispatching Automation
IEC 61970 is obeyed by the start program decision
System (DAS) cannot be put into fullplay.
system with uniform parameter model, data standard, I/O
Software used to generate such start programs has
interface and graphics standard. Data from different
emerged during the past few years, but most of them can be
software have been integrated together, such as SCADA,
only used offline while hundred-percent automation is not
GIS, EMS, MIS for protective relaying, marketing system,
available yet for the following two reasons. Firstly, the
measuring system, etc.
information island of such application module prevents the
The start program decision system is designed in
software to be integrated into DAS, thus large amounts of
Client/Server pattern, the outline of the system is shown in
parameters, graphs and topological relationship must be
Figure 1.
maintained by the start program composers. Secondly, the
start program can only be generated based on artificial
selections of common operation terms and typical start
programs, which is far from a real intelligent decision.
It is of importance to develop a smart start
program decision system based on quasi-real time
electrical power system data platform. A generation
strategy based on knowledge base and inference
control accompanied with SCADA data is proposed
in this paper. The achievement can be generalized to
further smart operation studies.

CICED2010 Session x Paper No xxx Page1/5

 2010 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED 2010)
Figure 1. Macroscopic structure of the smart start program
decision system
3. KEY TECHNOLOGIES
3.1. Topological Analysis Based on SCADA
In SCADA, the topology of the electrical power
system is described by equipment information and
connection information via equipment table, terminal table
and connection table, etc. The relation of connection among
different equipment will be extremely complex. For
instance, incoming feeder should be found via transformers
in a substation, two terminal buses should be found via a
certain transmission line.
The smart start program decision system can also
analyze the topology of the same electrical power system
via SCADA. Dynamic topological analysis can be started
by a certain equipment ID, through different terminals and
connections, while terminated by the target equipment. An
example of finding high voltage bus from a transformer is
shown in Figure 2 to describe the process of the topological
analysis procedure.
Get one transformer’s ID
Get each terminal
transformer, Node（i）
for this
Get the ConnectivityNode
associated with this terminal
Get the ids of other devices that are
associated with the ConnectivityNode
Does the BaseVoltage of
this device equal to that of N
the high voltage side of the
transformer?
Y
Is this device a bus?
Y
Record the bus ID
N
Get another terminal of this device
i=max(i)?
Y check, protection test, feeder clearance charging.
End
Figure 2. the process of the topological analysis procedure
3.2. Intelligent Pre-start Analysis
It is important to get the operation state of the entire
electrical power system before the start program will be
composed. Traditionally, the operation state is analyzed by
manual methods, that is to say, the composer must finds out
all the equipment that is to be analyzed, then each
equipment state (including device type, parameters, bus
type, topological relationships, switch positions, etc.)
should be definite from the SCADA database manually.
The smart start program decision making system can
form knowledge points by the inductive summary of
various connection types via the topological analysis
module and basic device parameters, then the operation
state of the entire electrical power system can be given
automatically.
CICED2010 Session x
Nanjing, 20-23 Sep. 2010
3.3. Smart Generation of Start Programs
The generation of start program is the procedure of
composite application and intelligent analysis of power
network topologies, substation operation modes and
operation instructions. Advanced knowledge base design
and inference control strategies are applied. The direct data
source of the start program is real-time signals of breakers
and switches from the integrated data platform. No
modification is required if the start program is based on
current operation mode. However, all related equipment
must be set to proper states via state maintenance methods
if the start program is used for preconceived analysis or
such states must be changed explicitly for other reasons.
I. Systematic Method for Smart Decision Making
A typical application of the smart start program
decision making system is to generate a start program by
production rules. That is to say, all the elements are
combined together such as the inherent properties of a
certain equipment, connection relationship between
different substations and equipment, logical coordination
between primary equipment and secondary equipment,
operational attributes as well as the practical experience of
the operators, to form the smart decision-making
knowledge base, then entire start program is gotten by
proper logical reasoning within the knowledge base.
The smart decision-making knowledge base is formed
by the knowledge of the electrical power system structures
and the knowledge of power system dispatching.
Multi-layered expression is used for electrical power
i=i+1
system structure knowledge; the advantage is that it is quite
convenient for a certain equipment to find its related
upper-level equipment and lower-level equipment. At the
same time, various typical connection types (such as
single/duplicate bus, single/duplicate sectionalized bus
(with or without auxiliary bus), 3/2 connection, inner/outer
bridge connection, unit connection, etc.) are considered
completely. Every connection type can be recognized and
described automatically and properly. The types of
equipment start programs include new equipment startup,
revamped equipment startup, protection test, and so on.
Alternative startup equipment include transmission line,
transformer, capacitor, substation as well as the
N combination of them. A complete start procedure is always
made up of equipment charging, bus charging, phase
Corresponding smart decision-making knowledge
module is designed including transmission line
charging knowledge, transformer charging
knowledge, bus charging knowledge, bus phase
check knowledge, protection test knowledge, feeder
clearance charging knowledge, etc. Such modularized
knowledge is used as a mainline for logical reasoning,
while rational control strategy is used to drive and
manage those modules, thus the knowledge base is
formed properly.
II. User-defined Operations for Start Programs
In addition to the previous automatic mode, the smart
start program decision making system can provide a totally
user-oriented mode: user-defined start program design
including equipment graph object picking, matching of
point ID and equipment ID, equipment state judgments,
auto-generation of startup operation contents, error-prevent
rules and graph object refreshing.
Startup operation item types which can be generated
Paper No xxx Page2/5
 2010 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED 2010)
by user-define mode include breaker on/off, equipment
charging, switch operations, common operations for
preliminary equipment (transmission line, bus, transformer,
capacitor, etc.), secondary equipment operations.
III. Generation of Start Program Based on Predefined
Modules
Normal startup operations for normal equipment can
be treated by the automatic mode, while the user-defined
mode can be used for all type of equipment and operations.
However, pre-defined modules are preferred for some
complex conditions. A certain pre-defined module is used
as the basis of start program if it can be matched
successfully. It should be emphasized that smart operations
are also required other than mere read-write operations for
this module-based mode.
Core knowledge for the module-based mode is a large
amount of special symbols for the definition of knowledge
points in the module. They are keywords for startup
operations including equipment name, equipment
properties, substation name, operation attributes, etc. A
complete start program can be generated quickly by the
module analysis program: a. read all the operation items in
the module one by one; b. picks up the special symbols; c.
replaces the special symbols by real equipment and
operations via real-time state detection and topological
analysis.
3.4. Data Interface between WEB Client and
Smart Decision System Servers
The structure of the smart start program decision making
system is composed by client web browser interface, data
interface between client and server and smart decision
making server. New image processing methods are
developed for user-defined operations, simulations and
error prevention on the client side. The smart decision
making server is the core portion of the entire system. The
data interface module is designed by PHP to fulfill the fast
data interchange between the client and server sides. The
data interface is shown in Figure 3.
WEB Client Interface: PHP Interface Expert
Operation Request Module Server: Response
to Request
Figure 3. Data Interface
The data to be transferred includes:
(1). Real-time remote signaling data: data for breakers and
switches, used to display real-time topology of the
electrical power system;
(2). Nonreal-time remote signaling data: states of breakers
and switches for startup procedure and simulation
procedure;
(3). Other data: includes startup equipment selection,
startup equipment end-selection, equipment setting,
user-defined operation items, ending of user-defined
operation, equipment name, figure name of a substation,
simulation-related data, error-prevention requirement, edit
of operation items, startup tasks, preparations for startup,
equipment states before startup, safety attentions, end of
start program generation, substation list, equipment list,
common operation terminology, current operation type, etc.
E. Multi-level Error Prevention Strategies
The most important consideration of a start program is the
security, which is treated carefully by the following
strategies:
(1). Verification interface: the start program can be edited
and verified manually by authorized users;
CICED2010 Session x
Nanjing, 20-23 Sep. 2010
(2). Simulation and demonstration: the start program can be
simulated and demonstrated virtually before it is
implemented to find potentially implicit errors;
(3). Rule base for error prevention: including safety
requirements for traditional 5 anti-error operations,
power-failure alarm, bus switching, auxiliary bus switching,
etc., which will be triggered automatically to analyze all
related operation items.
4. APPLICATIONS
The smart start program decision making system
based on power system integrated data platform was
applied in Guangzhou Electric Power Company in August,
2009. The feedback shows that this software can improve
the behavior of power utilities for the following reason:
(1). Intelligent analysis of related states before the
startup procedure;
(2). Automatic preparation and operation item
generation;
(3). More rigorous error-prevention checking.
The error-prevention checking module and simulation
and demonstration module can help the operators to verify
the generated start program more efficiently. Comparing
with traditional manual mode, start program composition
under smart-decision mode and module-based mode can
improve the efficiency to more than 80%, while start
program composition under user-defined mode can
improve the efficiency to more than 60%. It is obviously
true that this software will play an important role in start
program decision and verification.
5. CONCLUSION
The smart start program decision making system
introduced in this paper provides a powerful tool for smart
decision making of start programs. Furthermore, it can also
improve the security level as well as the intelligent level
and informationization level for the electrical power
system.
System Intelligent start program verification can be carried out
by the perfect power network topology in the integrated
data platform, which will also provide intelligent
supplementary means for normal power system operation
scheduling, and thus the reliability and security of the entire
electrical power system are also been enhanced.
REFERENCES
[1] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial
plastics (Book style with paper title and editor),” in
Plastics, 2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64.
[2] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book
style). Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
Information of the main Authors:
1.Yu Quan Liu(1971 — ): male, Senior Engineer,
Ph.D.in reading, engaged in the Grid Dispatching
Paper No xxx Page3/5
 2010 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED 2010) Nanjing, 20-23 Sep. 2010

Operation and Management for a long time. Email:

liuyq@gzpsc.com;
2.Guo Pei Wu(1975 — ): male, Senior Engineer,
Ph.D.in reading, engaged in the management of
Power system dispatching automation and relay for a
long time, Email:guopw@gzpsc.com;
3. Wei Xiong (1969—): male, Engineer, engaged in
the electric distribution network Operation and
Management for a long time; Email:
weix@gzpsc.com.
4. Xiao Lu Li(1973—): female, Senior Engineer,
Ph.D., engaged in the Reserrch And Development of
Power system dispatching automation;
lixiaolu@dongfang-china.com;

CICED2010 Session x Paper No xxx Page4/5

 2010 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED 2010) Nanjing, 20-23
Sep. 2010

CICED2010 Session x Paper No xxx

Page5/5