JFPR 9103-BHU: - Rural Skills Development

Project
A joint undertaking of the Ministry of Labour and
Human Resources and ADB

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian
Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of
the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do
not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.
 RGoB Commitment to Gender Equality and
Women’s Economic Empowerment
 Women and men have equal rights to vote, own property and
work in civil service but gender disparities exist in access to
education, training and employment especially in rural areas
 10th FYP and NPAG (2008-2013) recognize women’s
economic disadvantage and has priority areas of action:
 Increased access to professional, technical and vocational training
 Making rural based skills training programs more women-friendly
 Increased access to financial services to accelerate growth of cottage
and small rural enterprises
 Addressing growing female unemployment in urban areas
 Understanding women’s involvement in the informal sector
 Addressing the employment of under-aged girls as domestic workers
 Strengthening collection, analysis and use of sex-disaggregated data.
 TA 9103-BHU: Rural Skills
Development Project (JFPR)
 Executing Agency : DHR
 Implementing Agency : PMU, RSDP
 Project Effective date : Feb 2007
 Project Closing date : 31 December 2010
 Project Duration : 48 months
Project objective: To mitigate poverty
in rural villages
 Training in construction skills during off farm
seasons
 Application of skills during off-farm seasons
 Undertake small construction works jointly or
individually at the community level
 Income generation and savings
 (Help to reduce dependence on expat
workers)
 Objective and Scope of the Project
Pilot District
Reduce Poverty
Haa
(5 Blocks)
How ?

Bumthang Training in
Application of skills
(4 Blocks) Construction Skills

Trashigang Masonry
Gen n ses
(15 Blocks) Carpentry er xpe
ate i e
Plumbing ncom of
e aving
House Wiring S
Hair Dressing &
Beautician
 Key Performance Indicators:

 (i) At least 375 poor villagers completed the

GSDP.
 (ii) Average household income and net income of
GSDP graduates increased.
 (iii) All names and acquired skills of GSDP
graduates are registered in the database.
 (iv) At least 75 toilets are built by GSDP trainees
in their gewogs.
 (v) At least 5 schoolchildren’s hostels or
equivalent structures are built by GSDP trainees.
 Modality of GSDP training

Steps Period Activity

Stage 1 2 weeks Theoretical classes

Stage 2 10 weeks Live training on actual structure (toilets

constructed during this period)

Stage 3 4-6 months Live training on actual structure (hostels

constructed during this period)
Also called On-the-Job training (OJT)
 Project Approach to Gender
Mainstreaming
 PMU encouraged application of women as
instructors resulting in 40% female instructors
 Massive awareness created for female
participation in GSDP and target set at 40%
 Introduced female friendly courses (i.e. hair
dressing) where 72% participants were women.
 New approach of taking training to the door
steps to encourage female participation
 Data analysis of GSDP to shed more light.
 Trainees ratio by gender

Trainees Gender Ratio %

Dzongkhag
Male Female Total Male Female

Haa 130 112 242 54% 46%

Trashigang 343 128 471 73% 27%

Bumthang 78 51 129 60% 40%

Total 551 291 842 65% 35%

 Trainees gender ratio by trade

Trainees Percentage
Trade Male Female Total Male Female
Masonry 214 105 319 67% 33%

Carpentry 181 56 237 76% 24%

Plumbing 69 73 142 49% 51%

Electrical 87 57 144 60% 40%

Total 551 291 842 65% 35%
 Stage 3 (OJT) trainees gender ratio

Trainees Percentage
Dzongkhag Male Female Total Male Female
Haa 57 35 92 62% 38%

Bumthang 23 11 34 68% 32%

Trashigang 119 35 154 77% 23%

Total 199 81 280 71% 29%

 Hair dressing trainees by gender

Trainees Gender ratio (%)

Dzongkhag Total
Male Female Male Female

Haa 8 11 19 42% 58%

Trashigang 10 25 35 29% 71%

Bumthang 5 22 27 19% 81%

Total 23 58 81 28% 72%

 Key Lessons & recommendations
(Training related)
 More women’s participation needs to be
encouraged in electrical and plumbing trades
( as per project statistics; 3 dzongkhags)
 40% of trainees cited work/earning
opportunities where training program could
improve.
 Improve job prospects through job placement
services (e.g. subsidies to local employers to
hire trainees as apprentices for 6 months to 1
year)
 Create greater linkages to private sector by
improving private sector participation in
curriculum training and material
development.
Key Lessons and Recommendations
(Employment related)
 Economic Impacts
– No significant impact on household per capita
income, cost of household repairs, loans. Possible
limitations -> (i) still too soon after training and (ii)
surveyed trainees primarily those who remained
within gewog.
– Increase in income from trained skills with trainees
spending ~2.4 months in work related to skills.
– Evidence of diversification in income sources
 Conclusions and Policy
Implications
 Participation
– Lower female and married participation -> may need to
devise ways to increase participation in skill training
especially of females as they tend to be more
vulnerable.
– Female population group tend to be less mobile ->
provide training locally to increase participation.
 Training Program Development
– ~40% of trainees cited work/earning opportunities where
training program could improve.
– Improve job prospects through job placement services
(e.g. subsidies to local workshops to hire trainees as
apprentices for 6 months to 1 year).
– Create greater linkages to private sector by improving
private sector participation in curriculum training and 15
material development.
 New JFPR Project:
Advancing Economic Opportunities
of Women and Girls
 Executing Agency : NCWC
 Implementing Agency : MoLHR & NCWC
 Total Project Fund : $1,950,000
 Project Approval : 31 December 2010
 Project Duration : Three years
 JFPR Objective and Scope
 Objective: Improve the economic status of vulnerable
women and girls in selected urban and rural areas by
enhancing their capacity to access livelihood (including
microenterprise) and employment opportunities.

 Expected Outputs:(i) increased capacity of government

organizations and NGOs responsible for the economic
empowerment of women; and (ii) increased economic
benefits to women and girls in terms of greater capacity of
self-help groups to sustain microenterprise activities,
access business development services and increased
employment opportunities.

 Project Scope: Thimphu and in four poorest districts:

Zhemgang, Pemagatshel, Trashigang, and Samtse
 Key Performance Indicators
 Enhanced capacity of NCWC on gender mainstreaming
and monitoring and gender mainstreaming strategies in
place in at least 50% of all participating Government
agencies including MoLHR
 600 youth (80% women) from urban and rural areas
complete 12-month apprenticeship, vocational, and
entrepreneurial skills training programs in service and
manufacturing sectors; 90% of these graduates employed
or self-employed by year 3;
 360 youth (50% women) from rural areas completed 2- to
3-month skills training in any of four practical trades. 60%
of these graduates employed or self-employed by year 3.
 60 self-help groups or 1200 individuals (90% women) in
Shemgang, Pemagtshel, Trashigang and Samtse districts
engaged in agribusiness and micro-enterprises.
Kadrin Chey La