Muslim scholars recast Ibn Taymiyyah's fatwa on Jihad

Thursday, 01 April 2010 08:53

By Tom Heneghan, Religion Editor PARIS (Reuters)

Prominent Muslim scholars have recast a famous medieval fatwa on jihad, arguing the
religious edict radical Islamists often cite to justify killing cannot be used in a globalised world
that respects faith and civil rights.

A conference in Mardin in southeastern Turkey declared the fatwa by 14th century scholar
Ibn Taymiyya rules out militant violence and the medieval Muslim division of the world into a
"house of Islam" and "house of unbelief" no longer applies.

Osama bin Laden has quoted Ibn Taymiyya's "Mardin fatwa" repeatedly in his calls for
Muslims to overthrow the Saudi monarchy and wage jihad against the United States.

Referring to that historic document, the weekend conference said: "Anyone who seeks support

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from this fatwa for killing Muslims or non-Muslims has erred in his interpretation. "It is not for
a Muslim individual or a Muslim group to announce and declare war or engage in combative
jihad ... on their own," said the declaration issued on Sunday in Arabic and later provided to
Reuters in English.

The declaration is the latest bid by mainstream scholars to use age-old Muslim texts to refute
current-day religious arguments by Islamist groups. Another declaration in Dubai this month
concerned peace in Somalia. Such fatwas may not convince militants, but could help keep
undecided Muslims from supporting them, the scholars say.

The Mardin conference gathered 15 leading scholars from countries including Saudi Arabia,
Turkey, India, Senegal, Kuwait, Iran, Morocco and Indonesia. Among them were Bosnian
Grand Mufti Mustafa Ceric, Sheikh Abdullah bin Bayyah of Mauritania and Yemeni Sheikh
Habib Ali al-Jifri.

RULE FOR MUSLIM RADICALS

Ibn Taymiyya's Mardin fatwa is a classic text for militants who say it allows Muslims to declare
other Muslims infidels and wage war on them. The scholars said this view had to be seen in its
historic context of medieval Mongol raids on Muslim lands.

But the scholars said it was actually about overcoming the old view of a world divided into
Muslim and non-Muslim spheres and reinterpreting Islam in changing political situations.

The emergence of civil states that guard religious, ethnic and national rights "has necessitated
declaring the entire world a place of tolerance and peaceful co-existence between all religious,
groups and factions," their declaration said.

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Aref Ali Nayed, a Libyan who heads the Dubai theological think-tank Kalam Research and
Media, told the conference the great Muslim empires of the past were not a model for a
globalised world where borders were increasingly irrelevant. "We must not be obsessed with
an Islam conceived of only geographically and politically," he said.

Living in the diaspora is often more conducive to healthy and sincere Muslim living. Empires
and carved-out 'Islamic states' often make us complacent."

Nayed said Muslims must also understand that "not all types of secularisms are anti-religious."
The United States has stayed religious despite its separation of church and state, but some
"French Revolution-like secularisms" were anti-religious.

The declaration ended with a call to Muslim scholars for more research to explain the context
of medieval fatwas on public issues and show "what is hoped to be gained from a sound and
correct understanding of their respective legacies."

(Editing by Jon Boyle)

© Thomson Reuters 2010 All rights reserved

Editorial note:

While Ibn Taymiya was a eloquent writer and hadith scholar, his career, like that of others,
demonstrates that one could be outstanding in one field and yet suffer from radical deficiencies
in another, the most reliable index of which is how a field's Imams regard ones work in it. By
this measure, indeed, by the standards of all previous Ahl al-Sunnah scholars, it is clear that
Ibn Taymiya cannot be considered an authority on tenents of faith (aqueeda), a field in which
he made mistakes profoundly incompatible with the beliefs of Islam, as also with a number of
his legal views that violated the scholarly consensus (ijma) of Sunni Muslims.

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