Summary

A magnetic lock is a simple locking device that consists of an electromagnet and an

armature plate. By attaching the electromagnet to the door frame and the armature
plate to the door, a current passing through the electromagnet attracts the armature
plate holding the door shut. Unlike an electric strike a magnetic lock has no
interconnecting parts and is therefore not suitable for high security applications
because it is possible to bypass the lock by cutting off or tampering with the power
supply. Nevertheless, the strength of today's magnetic locks compares well with that
of the conventional door locks and they cost less than it cost for light bulbs to
operate.

History
An electromagnetic lock, also known as a magnetic lock, was first manufactured on
May 2, 1989, by Arthur, Richard and David Geringer of Security Door Controls, an
access control hardware manufacturing firm. The device outlined in their designs was
the same in principle as the modern magnetic lock consisting of an
electromagnet and an armature plate.

Operation
The magnetic lock relies upon some of the basic concepts of
electromagnetism. Basically it consists of an electromagnet attracting a
conductor with a force large enough to stop and prevent the door from being opened.
In a more detailed look, the device makes use of the fact that a current through one or
more loops of wire (known as a solenoid) produces a magnetic field. This works in a
free space, but if the solenoid is wrapped around a ferromagnetic core such as soft
iron core the effect of the field is greatly increased.

Cost
The Securitron 1200 Pound Magnetic Lock costs around €246 for the lock alone. It
must then be connected to an electronic access-control system (for example a keycard
reader). In comparison, conventional locks can be purchased for under €29. Annual
operation of the magnetic lock will also cost around €2 in terms of electric power
consumption.

Disadvantages
Requires continuous power when locked

To remain locked, the magnetic lock requires a constant power source. The power
drain of the lock is typically around 3 watts, far less than that of a light bulb (around
60 watts), but it may cause security concerns since the device will become unlocked if
the power source is cut off or disrupted. In comparison, electric strikes can be
designed to remain locked if the power source is cut off. Nevertheless, this behavior
may actually be preferable in terms of fire safety.

Advantages
Normally easy to install

Magnetic locks are generally easier to install than other locks given there are no
interconnecting parts.

Quick operation

Magnetic locks unlock instantly when the power is cut allowing for quick operation in
comparison to other locks.

Competitive with conventional locks

Despite common accidents, today's magnetic locks are competitive with conventional
locks. For example, the ASSA Heavy Duty High Security Modular conventional lock
case is designed to withstand an end load of 5,000 N. In comparison, the
Electromagnetic lock is designed to withstand a load of 5,300 N and there are higher
power models available. Magnetic locks may also suffer less damage from multiple
blows.