Code No: RR210106 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Two discs of 20 cm diameter are placed 1 mm apart and the gap is filled with an
oil of viscosity 0.8 poise. Determine the power required to rotate upper disc at 600
R.P.M., while holding the lower disc stationary. [16]

2. A 1.8 m diameter cylindrical tank is laid with its axis horizontal on a level ground.
Each of its ends are closed by a hemispherical dome. The tank contains oil of
relative density 0.9 under pressure. If a pressure guage on the top of the tank reads
22 kPa, calculate the resultant force on the spherical end. [16]

3. (a) The velocity at a point is given by V = (4t + 3x2 + 2y)i + (t2 + 2xy + 3y 2 )j.
Determine the local acceleration and total acceleration at a point (2,3) for t
= 1.5 seconds.
(b) Define a stream line and obtain an equation for it. Enumerate the properties
of streamlines. [8+8]

4. (a) A turbine is set 40 m below the water level of a reservoir and is fed by 60
cm diameter pipe. If short pipe of 45 cm diameter discharges water from the
turbine to atmosphere, neglecting friction, estimate the power extracted by
the turbine when the discharge is 0.8 m3 /s.
(b) Describe that each term in the Bernouli?s equation represents the energy per
unit weight. [8+8]

5. (a) Define displacement thickness. Derive an expression for the displacement

thickness.
(b) Oil with a free stream velocity of 1.5m/sec flow over a thin plate 1.4m wide
and 2.2m long. Calculate the boundary layer thickness and the shear stress at
the trailing end point and determine the total surface resistance of the plate.
Take specific gravity of oil is 0.80 and kinematic viscosity as 0.1 stoke. [8+8]

6. (a) Compute the kinetic energy and momentum correction factors for laminar flow
between fixed parallel plates.
(b) Oil flows through a pipe of 15cm diameter and 650m length with a velocity of
0.5 m/sec. If the kinematic viscosity of oil at the temperature is 18.7 stokes,
find the loss of heat in friction. Assume the specific gravity of oil as 0.9. [8+8]

7. For the distribution main of a city water supply a 0.3 m main is required. As pipes
above 0.25m dia are not available it is decided to lay two parallel mains of same
diameter. Find the diameter of the parallel main. [16]

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 1
8. A rectangular channel 6 m wide carries 2.8 m3 per second at a depth of 0.9 m.
What height of a broad crested rectangular weir must be installed to double the
depth? Take coefficient of weir = 0.86. [16]

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Differentiate between Specific volume, Specific weight and Specific gravity of
a liquid. Express the interrelationship between them.
(b) If 5 m3 of Carbon tetra chloride has a weight of 78 kN, determine its specific
weight, density and relative density. If the fluid can exist on planet Jupiter,
what would be its specific weight, density and relative density there? The
radius of Jupiter is 11.2 times that of Earth and mass of Jupiter is 318 times
that of the Earth. [8+8]

2. A 1.8 m diameter cylindrical tank is laid with its axis horizontal on a level ground.
Each of its ends are closed by a hemispherical dome. The tank contains oil of
relative density 0.9 under pressure. If a pressure guage on the top of the tank reads
22 kPa, calculate the resultant force on the spherical end. [16]

3. (a) What is a potential flow?

(b) Write down the continuity equation for a unidimensional unsteady state in-
compressible flow.
(c) The stream function for fluid flow is given by Ψ= m tan−1 (y/x). Sketch the
streamlines and equipotential lines. [4+4+8]

4. (a) Derive the Euler’s equation of motion for flow of steady incompressible fluid.
State the assumptions.
(b) A 2.5 cm nozzle is connected to a 7.5 cm diameter pipe. If the pressure at the
upstream end of the nozzle is 550 kN/m2 gauge, what will be the force exerted
by the nozzle on the water, if the water is discharged into the atmosphere.
[8+8]

5. (a) Define Laminar boundary layer, turbulent boundary layer, laminar sub-layer
and boundary layer thickness.
(b) A thin plate is moving in still atmospheric air at a velocity of 4m/sec. The
length of the plate is 0.5m and width 0.4m. Calculate the thickness of bound-
ary layer at the end of the plate and drag force on one side of the plate. Take
density of air as 1.25 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity is 0.15 stokes. [8+8]

6. (a) What is Hagen poiseuille?s equation. Derive the same for Laminar flow
through pipes.
(b) What power is required per kilometer of a line to overcome the viscous resis-
tance to the flow of glycerine through a horizontal pipe of diameter 10cm at

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 2
the rate of 10 lit/sec. Take viscosity as 8 poise and kinematic viscosity as 6
stokes. [8+8]

7. Two pipes each 300 m long are available for connecting to a reservoir from which a
flow of 0.085 m3 /s is required. If the diameters of the two pipes are 0.3 m, 0.15 m
respectively, find the ratio of the head lost when the pipes are connected is series
to the head lost when they are connected in parallel. Neglect minor losses. [16]

8. The discharge in a channel varies from 0.16 m3 /s to 0.74m3 /s. A Contracted

rectangular weir is to be constructed across the channel to measure the discharge.
Find the length of the weir such that the measured head will never be less than
0.16 m or greater than one third of the length of the weir. [16]

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Define Bulk modulus of liquids. Explain a fluid flow problem where it assumes
significance.
(b) One cubic meter of a liquid of relative density 0.788 and bulk modulus 1.32
MPa is subjected to an increase of pressure of 4.5 N/cm2 . Find the change in
volume and also the final density of the liquid. [6+10]

2. (a) Distinguish between

i. standard and local atmospheric pressures,
ii. barometric pressure and absolute pressure and
iii. absolute pressure and gauge pressure.
(b) A diver is working at a depth of 20 m below the surface of sea water (specific
weight = 10 KN/m3 ). Calculate the pressure intensity at this depth. What
would be the absolute pressure if barometer reads 760 mm of mercury column
at the sea level? [9+7]

3. (a) Explain one, two and three dimensional flows.

(b) If φ= 3xy, find x and y components of velocity at (1,3) and (3,3). Determine
the discharge passing between streamlines passing through these points. [8+8]

4. (a) A tank has a nozzle of exit diameter D1 at a depth H1 below the free surface.
At the side opposite to that of nozzle 1, another nozzle is proposed at a depth
H1 /2. What should be the diameter of the second nozzle D2 , interms of D1
so that the net horizontal force on the tank is zero?
(b) In a pump the suction and delivery pipes are of the same size and are at the
same level. At a given discharge the loss of head between a point A on the
suction side and a point B on the delivery side is 3.0 m. If the pressure at
point B is 120 KPa and the head developed by the pump is 10 m, find the
pressure at point A. [8+8]

5. (a) Explain how will you find the drag on a flat plate due to laminar and turbulent
boundary layers.
(b) Water is flowing over a thin smooth plate of length 4.5m and width 2.5m at
a velocity of 0.9 m/sec. If the boundary layer flow changes from laminar to
turbulent at a Reynold number 5 x 105 find
i. the distance from leading edge upto which boundary layer is laminar
ii. thickness of the boundary layer at the transition point and

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 3
iii. the drag force on one side of the plate. Take viscosity of water as 0.01
poise. [8+8]

6. (a) Describe Reynold’s experiment with a neat sketch. What are the outcomes of
Reynolds experiment.
(b) A crude oil of viscosity 0.97 poise and relative density 0.9 is flowing through
a horizontal circular pipe of diameter 10cm and of length 10m. Calculate the
difference of pressure at the two ends of the pipe, if 100 kg of the oil is collected
in a tank in 30 seconds. [8+8]

7. The population of a city is 8X105 and it is to be supplied with water from a reservoir
6.4 km away. Water is to be supplied at the rate of 0.14m3 per head per day and
half the supply is to be delivered in 8 hours. The full supply level of the reservoir is
R.L 180.00. and its lowest water level is R.L.105.00. The delivery end of the main
is at R.L 22.50 and the head required there is 12m. Find the diameter of the pipe.
Take f= 0.04. [16]

8. A rectangular channel 6 m wide carries 2.8 m3 per second at a depth of 0.9 m.

What height of a broad crested rectangular weir must be installed to double the
depth? Take coefficient of weir = 0.86. [16]

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, November 2007
FLUID MECHANICS
(Civil Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Three cylindrical tubes of internal radii 200 mm, 210 mm and 220 mm, wall thick-
ness 5 mm and length 0.5 m are placed coaxially. The space between the inner and
middle cylinders is filled with an oil of viscosity 8.34 poise and the space between
the middle and outer cylinders is filled with an oil of viscosity 9.89 poise. What is
the torque required to rotate the middle cylinder at 360 rpm. [16]
2. A cylindrical barrier of diameter 2 m and length 3 m retains water on both sides
with water surface elevations of 1.5 m and 0.5 m above the lowest point of the
barrier respectively. Calculate the resultant hydrostatic force on the barrier. [16]
3. (a) Explain one, two and three dimensional flows.
(b) If φ= 3xy, find x and y components of velocity at (1,3) and (3,3). Determine
the discharge passing between streamlines passing through these points. [8+8]
4. (a) A turbine is set 40 m below the water level of a reservoir and is fed by 60
cm diameter pipe. If short pipe of 45 cm diameter discharges water from the
turbine to atmosphere, neglecting friction, estimate the power extracted by
the turbine when the discharge is 0.8 m3 /s.
(b) Describe that each term in the Bernouli?s equation represents the energy per
unit weight. [8+8]
5. (a) Differentiate between
i. Stream line body and bluff body
ii. Friction drag and pressure drag.
(b) A kite 60cm x 60cm weighing 2.943 N assumes an angle of 10o to the horizontal.
If the pull on the string is 29.43N when the wind is flowing at a speed of 40
km/hr. Find the corresponding coefficient of drag and lift. Density of air is
given as 1.25 kg/m3 . [8+8]
6. (a) Describe Reynold’s experiment with a neat sketch. What are the outcomes of
Reynolds experiment.
(b) A crude oil of viscosity 0.97 poise and relative density 0.9 is flowing through
a horizontal circular pipe of diameter 10cm and of length 10m. Calculate the
difference of pressure at the two ends of the pipe, if 100 kg of the oil is collected
in a tank in 30 seconds. [8+8]
7. What is Reynold?s number? Explain the variation of friction factor with Reynold’s
number for turbulent flow in smooth and rough pipes along with corresponding
formulae. [16]

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Code No: RR210106 Set No. 4
8. (a) Show that a capolletti weir can be treated as equivalent to suppressed rectan-
gular weir.
(b) Water flows through a rectangular channel 1m wide and 0.5 m deep and then
over a sharp crested Cipolletti weir of crest length 0.6 m. If the water level in
the channel is 0.225 m above the weir crest find the discharge over the weir,
if velocity of approach is neglected and find the discharge if it is considered.
Take cd = 0.6. [8+8]

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