DCE (Data Communications Equipment): Provides a path for communication Typically the upstream device (network end) - Server, router, hub (this can vary) - a device can have both DCE and DTE ports. DB--25 (originally DE--25) connector is an analog 25--pin plug of D-Subminiature connector family (D--Sub) Mainly used for serial connections, allowing for asynchronous transmission (as opposed to synchronous)
DCE (Data Communications Equipment): Provides a path for communication Typically the upstream device (network end) - Server, router, hub (this can vary) - a device can have both DCE and DTE ports. DB--25 (originally DE--25) connector is an analog 25--pin plug of D-Subminiature connector family (D--Sub) Mainly used for serial connections, allowing for asynchronous transmission (as opposed to synchronous)
DCE (Data Communications Equipment): Provides a path for communication Typically the upstream device (network end) - Server, router, hub (this can vary) - a device can have both DCE and DTE ports. DB--25 (originally DE--25) connector is an analog 25--pin plug of D-Subminiature connector family (D--Sub) Mainly used for serial connections, allowing for asynchronous transmission (as opposed to synchronous)
• A
piece
of
device
that
ends
a
communication
line
• Typically
a
downstream
device
(user
end)
– End
station,
PC
• DCE
(Data
Communications
Equipment)
• Provides
a
path
for
communication
• Typically
the
upstream
device
(network
end)
– Server,
router,
hub
(this
can
vary)
• Cardinal
Rule
– DTE-‐DCE
or
DCE-‐DTE
connections
use
Standard
Ethernet
cable
(straight-‐thru)
– DTE-‐DTE
or
DCE-‐DCE
connections
use
crossover
Ethernet
cable
• DCE/DTE
refer
to
interfaces,
not
the
actual
device
– A
device
can
have
both
DCE
and
DTE
ports
• In
general:
– Hub
LAN
ports,
Cable
Modem
LAN
port,
Router
LAN
ports
are
DCE
– Hub
Uplink
Ports
are
DTE
-‐
it
is
a
shared
port
with
the
last
LAN
port,
but
has
the
pinouts
crossed
– Home
Router
WAN
Ethernet
ports
are
DTE
– PC
LAN
cards
(NIC,
Network
Interface
Card)
are
DTE
INTERFACE
STANDARDS
• Electrical
Component
• Deals
with
voltages,
line
capacitance,
and
other
electrical
charac
• Mechanical
Component
• Deals
with
items
such
as
the
connector
or
plug
description
• Example:
the
standard
connector
ISO
2110
(DB-‐25)
and
DB-‐9
• Functional
Component
• Describes
the
fxn
of
each
pin/circuit
used
in
particular
interface
• Procedural
Component
• Describes
how
particular
circuits
are
used
to
perform
an
operation
• Example:
the
functional
components
may
describe
two
circuits,
Request
to
Send
and
Clear
to
Send
• The
procedural
component
describes
how
those
two
circuits
are
used
so
that
the
DTE
can
transfer
data
to
DCE
• The
DB-‐25
(originally
DE-‐25)
connector
is
an
analog
25-‐pin
plug
of
D-‐ Subminiature
connector
family
(D-‐Sub)
• Mainly
used
for
serial
connections,
allowing
for
asynchronous
transmission
(as
provided
by
RS-‐232)
• Also
used
for
parallel
connections
• The
DB-‐9
(originally
DE-‐9)
used
for
the
RS232
ports
• Typically
assigned
to
a
serial
port
connector
• EIA232F
and
RS232
• Older
interface
standard
designed
to
connect
a
device,
such
as
a
modem
to
a
computer
• Originally
RS-‐232
– Has
gone
through
many
revisions
• Electrical
component
is
defined
by
V.28
• Mechanical
component
is
defined
by
ISO
2110
• Functional
and
procedural
components
are
defined
by
V.24
• X.21
• Another
interface
standard
designed
to
replace
aging
RS-‐232
• Currently
popular
in
Europe
and
with
ISDN
connections
• Each
circuit
in
the
X.21
standard
can
contain
many
different
signals
• Since
each
circuit
can
transmit
different
signals
• Combination
of
signals
on
the
four
circuits
is
much
larger
than
if
each
circuit
performed
only
a
single
function
• RAID
(Redundant
Array
of
Independent
Disks)
-‐
collection
of
techniques
for
interfacing
multiple
hard
disk
drives
to
a
computer
• RAID-‐0
-‐
data
is
broken
into
pieces
and
each
piece
is
stored
on
a
different
disk
drive
(striping)
• RAID-‐1
-‐Data
is
stored
on
at
least
two
disk
drives
in
duplicate
(disk
mirroring)
• RAID-‐3
-‐
data
is
redundantly
stored
across
multiple
disk
drives
(-‐
Parity
on
separate
disk)
• Error-‐checking
information
is
kept
on
a
separate
disk
• RAID-‐5
-‐
data
is
broken
in
pieces
(stripes)
and
stored
across
three
or
more
disks
(Parity
scross
disks)
– Error-‐checking
information
is
stored
along
with
the
striped
data
• FireWire
-‐
Bus
that
connects
peripheral
devices
such
as
wireless
modems
and
high
speed
digital
video
cameras
to
microcomputers
at
400
Mbps
• Designated
as
IEEE
1394
• Supports
asynchronous
connections
and
isochronous
connections
• Provides
guaranteed
data
transport
at
a
pre-‐determined
rate
• Comes
in
6-‐pin
and
4-‐pin
• 6-‐pin
FireWire
-‐
connect
external
hard
drives
• USB
(Universal
Serial
Bus)
• Modern
standard
for
interconnecting
modems
and
other
peripheral
devices
to
microcomputers
• Supports
plug
and
play
• Can
daisychain
multiple
devices
– Like
Firewire,
USB
is
a
high
speed
connection
(USB
1.0
is
only
12
Mbps,
but
USB
2.0
is
480
Mbps)
• SCSI
(Small
Computer
System
Interface)
• technique
for
interfacing
a
computer
to
high-‐speed
devices
such
as
disk
drives,
CDs,
and
DVDs
• Need
appropriate
SCSI
adapters,
interconnecting
cables,
and
software
• iSCSI
(Internet
SCSI)
• technique
for
interfacing
disk
storage
to
a
computer
via
the
Internet
• It
looks
like
the
disk
storage
is
down
the
hall,
but
it
could
be
anywhere
on
the
Internet
• InfiniBand
• a
serial
connection
or
bus
that
can
carry
multiple
channels
of
data
at
the
same
time
with
speeds
up
to
billions
of
bits
per
second
• More
than
just
a
single
bus,
InfiniBand
is
a
network
of
high-‐ speed
links
and
switches
• Fibre
Channel
• similar
to
InfiniBand,
but
limited
to
the
interconnection
of
126
devices