By Artur Victoria

Article Word Count: 1235 [View Summary]

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The worker's activities are activities of humans and are therefore an essential part of
humanity.

These activities have at least five dimensions, on the main aspects that must be
considered in the analysis of work, and all the employee needs to be entrepreneur and feel
accomplished for production:

a) Technical aspects - involves issues relating to place of work and adjustment

physiological and sociological.

b) Physiological aspects - is the degree of adaptation man - place of work - Physical

environment and the problem of fatigue - the human being is not a machine and does not
work like a machine.

c) Moral aspect - considers the skills, the motivation, the degree of awareness,
satisfaction and the intimate relationship between work activity and personality - the
work is an extension of personality, is how a person measures his worth and his
humanity.

d) Social aspect - considers the specific issues in the working environment and external
factors such as family, social class, etc..
e) Economic aspect - as the production of wealth - the work is a way of life.

Businesses is evaluated by the following requirements:

1) Environment of the business - credibility, respect, fairness, pride and camaraderie;

2) Profile of the company - benefits, compensation, ethics and citizenship, professional

development and balancing work and personal life

"There is ways that discover and adopts measures of how to maximize the work
efficiency.

- Every person is influenced exclusively by rewards wage, economic and material, not
considering the needs of staff achievement and promotion.

The humanism considers the improvement of development, welfare and dignity as the
ultimate objective of all human thought and action - above ideals and values of religious,
ideological or national.

The commitment to humanism defends the adoption of the following three fundamental
principles:

a) Philosophical, consisting in the design of humans - men and women - as be

autonomous and rational and respect fundamental to all human beings while endowed
with free will, rationality, moral awareness, capacity imaginative and creative.

b) Social policy, which consists of a universal ethic of equality, reciprocity and human
solidarity and a policy of pluralistic democracy, fair and human.

c) Educational, consisting of the commitment to help all individuals in implementation

and improvement of its potential.

So, with the humanistic approach, "the concern with the machine, the working method,
with the formal organization and the principles of administration applicable to
organizational aspects give priorities to the concern with man and his social group: the
technical aspects for the formal psychological and sociological aspects.

The school of human relations was born from the need of reducing the dehumanization of
work and at the same time, increasing the efficiency in business.

The informal groups can communicate with ease, and find supportive environment for the
majority of their problems. The formal organization is the organizational structure -
organs, functions, hierarchical levels and functional relationships - and informal
organization is the set of interactions and relationships that are established between the
workers - uses and customs, traditions and social norms.
The informal organization is reflected by attitudes and provisions based on the opinion
and sentiment. The expression of the need to 'join up' and do not change quickly or make
the logic: relate to the sense of values, the lifestyles and the acquisition of social life that
a person strives to preserve and defend of which is willing to fight and resist.

The social man, which is based on the following aspects:

a) Employees are complex social creatures, with their feelings, desires and fears. The
behavior at work - as the behavior in any place - is a consequence of many motivational
factors.

b) People are motivated by human needs and achieve their satisfaction through social
groups with whom they interact. Difficult to participate and connect with the group cause
elevation of turnover of people, lowering of moral, psychological fatigue, reduced levels
of performance,

c) The behavior of social groups can be manipulated by an appropriate style of

supervision and leadership (human abilities).

d) The social norms of the group act as regulatory mechanisms of the behavior of
members. The levels of production are controlled by the rules of the informal group. This
social control takes both positive sanctions (stimulation, social acceptance, etc..) And
negative (mockery, isolation from the group, etc.).. The employee is seen as a being
creative and thinking, and issues such as integration, social behavior and participation in
decisions.

The theory of bureaucracy was born from the work of Max Weber, in the 1940s, he
studied the organization as part of a social context, influenced by changing social,
economic and religious.

The bureaucratic model is proposed as an efficient administrative structure for complex

organizations, governed by the rules and inflexible hierarchy. Bureaucracy is a form of
human organization that is based on rationality.

The characteristics of bureaucracy are:

a) Legal nature of the rules and regulations: it is an organization bound by rules and
regulations established in writing in advance.

b) Formal communications: they are recorded in writing by forms, so that the

bureaucracy is a formally organized to a social structure.

c) Rational: division of labor, where the tasks are set for each participant.

d) Impersonal: relationship in terms of positions, not people.

e) Hierarchy: each post below is under the supervision of the superior officer.

f) Routine: the employee must do what is the boss bureaucracy, he is not independent.

g) Meritocracy: the choice of people is based on merit and technique competence.

h) Administration of expertise: separation between ownership and management.

i) Professional.

j) Predictability: assumes that the behavior of all members is perfectly predictable.

As the concept of informal organization is not rational, it is not accepted by the

bureaucracy, so the worker is seen only as occupier of a position that needs to respond by
the set of tasks that are under its responsibility.
To stimulate the work discipline, the bureaucrat's official life is planned for him in terms
of career, promotions, pensions and wages, and in exchange, it is expected that he adapts
his thoughts, feelings and actions to the needs of the organization.

However, these factors increase the conformism and lead to exaggeration in the strict
observation of rules, which results in conservatism and technicality. In the bureaucracy
are considered the goals of the organization and not the people.

This means that the more bureaucratic an organization is, more people are parts of the
bureaucratic machinery, settled for their purposes, without creativity, initiative, and
resistant to changes in their routines.

To be successful in all organizations, the organizational man must have the following
characteristics of personality:

a) Flexibility, given the constant changes that occur in modern life, and the diversity of
roles in various organizations, which can get a reversal, the sudden shutdown of
organizations and new relationships.

b) Tolerance to frustration, to avoid the emotional distress arising from the conflict
between organizational needs and individual needs, the mediation is done by rational
rules, written and comprehensive, seeking involve the entire organization.

c) Ability to rewards and compensate the routine work on the organization, accordingly
personal preferences and vocations, and other types of work.

d) Standing desire to achieve, to ensure compliance and cooperation with the rules that
control and provide access to the career positions within the organization, providing
social rewards and sanctions and materials.
These characteristics of personality vary in degree depending on the organization and
position held.