Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Version 2010)
Problem-Based Laboratories
Problem-based laboratories give students the opportunity to use their
problem-solving skills to come up with solutions to realistic engineering
problems. During the laboratory, each team will design an experiment in
attempt to resolve an industrial problem, conduct the experiments, analyze the
results, and apply the results towards the solution of the particular problem.
These laboratories are open ended, meaning that there is more than one
correct solution to each problem. After receiving their problem statements,
teams will have the opportunity to come up with their own set of procedures
rather than blindly following the experimental procedures and calculations
outlined by the instructor/TA.
Expectations
Students are expected to find all the data and devise all the procedures needed
to come up with a solution to the problem. Literature searches using Google,
Google Scholar and UBC library electronic and hard resources must be
carried out to find and understand the basic theory and data needed to solve
the problem. Every member of the team must demonstrate that they have
carried out a literature search, found good resources and read them before
they are permitted to carry out an experiment. Only a brief description of the
problem and access to equipment operating manuals will be provided. The
team is expected to consider safety and the environment during the
experiments and in the application of their results. Each member of the team
is expected to carry out their part of the experiment and report writing with
minimal help from their team members. All members will act responsibly in
regard to time management.
Students are given more freedom in the laboratory with the constraint that
only non-invasive testing is allowed. That is, the experimentation must be
done without dismantling the laboratory set-up. It is expected that the
laboratory equipment is left in working order, and glassware is carefully
cleaned and returned to storage. If the equipment malfunctions, it is the
responsibility of the team to notify their TA, and help their TA find solutions
and alternatives. It is expected that the team will give the TA and Ms. Qi
Chen (technician in charge of the student laboratories) the list of chemicals
(and concentrations) that will be needed in a timely fashion (one week notice
for common chemicals and longer for others), and procure the necessary
glassware, etc from stores. In all aspects, the team will consider the budget in
consultation with their TA and Ms. Chen.
Schedule
The specific problem will usually be given to the team approximately 1 week
before the problem-based laboratory begins. For problem-based laboratories
beginning the first week in January, the problems will be given out the first
week in December. This will give all teams equal and sufficient time to do
some preliminary research. It is highly recommended that the team have a
good understanding about the process under consideration (e.g. theory and
workability of hydrocyclones, how extractions work, etc ) before coming to
the first lab period.
Teams will have the first laboratory period to become familiar with the
laboratory equipment, examine manuals (if available) and carry out basic
measurements needed to define the experimental conditions(depending on the
laboratory). For example, basic measurements could include diameter and
lengths of available, hydrocyclones, calibration of rotameter, identification of
max and min flow rates, etc. The team will have one week to collect more
information and devise a research proposal. The basic measurements that
were conducted during the first laboratory period can be used to justify flow
rates, chemical concentrations, etc. in the proposal.
The proposal will be orally defended during the second laboratory period in
room 318 CHBE between 1:30 and 3:30 P.M. (check website for exact
times). The written proposal will be turned in to the department before the
third laboratory period. If the proposal is accepted, the team will begin
working on their experiments during the third laboratory period. Each
successful team will be given four weeks including the third laboratory to
carry out their experiments. A progress report will be written and reviewed
by the TA. It should contain a description of any changes to the initial plan
and presentation of preliminary results.
Instructor/TA Role
These labs are designed to prepare you for life after University. Engineers
need to be able to solve open-ended problems effectively. When learning is
done in the context of problem solving, knowledge is stored in a memory
pattern that enables the knowledge to be recalled later for solving problems.
Also, spending a longer period of time on one problem based lab, rather than
rushing through two shorter labs, provides students with a greater depth of
knowledge on the subject area. Students in the past have really voiced their
desire to have hands-on labs. We have developed problem-based laboratories
to address this wish. Year 2010 is the 6th year that problem-based labs have
been offered. Initially there were two four week problem based laboratories
per group. An in class survey in the spring of 2007 indicated that in
comparison to regular labs, students had after completing problem-based
laboratories :
Survey results also indicated that students felt that having a second problem-
based laboratory was not a good test of what was learned in the first one, the
time frame could be improved, and that problem-based laboratories were
more work than regular labs.
In additional, ten years ago there were ten regular labs. Due to the problem
based labs there are now four that help demonstrate concepts taught in
reaction engineering and unit ops 2 as well as other key courses. The work for
problem-based labs is spread out over a much longer period of time with
intermediate deadlines. This means that much of the work will be completed
before writing the final report. This allows the team to focus more on the
procedures and analyses.
ABET Findings
Technical abilities are not enough; they must be linked with skills such as
problem solving, management, leadership, teamwork, decision-making and
ethical responsibility.
The findings from such courses are predominately positive, with some student
comments including:
"Due to this lab alone, I can say I know some 'chemical engineering'"
(Indian Institute of Technology)
"I really liked this lab. It was complicated, but not impossible. Overall,
I learned a lot" (Cornell University)
Throughout the experimental period, each team will have a Project Engineer,
Safety and Environmental Engineer, and Process Engineer. Groups of four
will also have a Design Engineer, while groups of five will have a quality
control or assurance engineer (new in 2010). Position assignments will
rotate three times. Each member of the team will have a different role for
the proposal, progress memo and final report. Roles will change after the
written proposal is submitted and after the progress memo is submitted.
Position assignment will be decided by the group before the first laboratory
period, and given to the TA. Note that all members are also responsible for:
Outlined below are the general and specific responsibilities of each position:
(B) Process Engineer: Responsible for carrying out the process section of the
experimental strategy, data accuracy and processing. The role is very
important, because the results depend on the accuracy of the calculations.
Seeks advice to make sure that the calculations are properly done, and
assumptions are clearly defined.
Specific responsibilities:
Project Engineer
Ensuring that all group members are aware of the safety risks, and the
precautions each member needs to take, in form of written
communications.
Create an emergency shutdown procedure and review the procedure
with team members before running the equipment.
Identify the effluents in the lab and their disposal methods, identifying
any environmental risks.
Address issue of waste minimization.
Prepare a PID flow diagram of the process.
Help the design engineer design safe and environmental scale-up.
Help the project engineer with the theory by finding and studying one
out the six required references. Communicate your findings in writing
to the project engineer in a timely fashion.
Process Engineer
Design Engineer
Proposal
The proposal is necessary to ensure that the team has a sound understanding
of the problem before beginning the experiment. This is important to ensure
that experiments are completed efficiently and safely. The research done for
this proposal will also be helpful in preparing the final report.
Written Format
1. Introduction
Briefly explains why the proposal is being written and what it will
include.
3. Objectives
9. Conclusion
10. References
References must be provided for all books and published articles from
which equations or values are taken.
List references alphabetically by the surname of the lead author using
the format described at the end of this document.
Oral Format
Each team member will receive 10% of their proposal marks from a Power
Point presentation (.15-minute for teams of three, 20 minutes for teams of
four, and 25 for teams of five, questioning time is extra). The proposal should
cover all the points in the written proposal. In addition, process and
equipment diagrams must be illustrated. All teams having a problem-based
lab will make this presentation for the instructor/TA during the second lab
period. Team members will receive individual grades based on their
demonstrated knowledge and ability to answer questions related to their roles
and responsiblities.
Once the written proposal has been accepted, experimental work can begin
the third laboratory period.
Progress Memo
Brief description of why you are writing the memo and what it
includes.
State the results from the experimentation to date and explain their
significance. Were the results as expected and compared to literature
expectations?
Were the objectives met?
State the findings of the safety audits conducted before, during and
after the lab. Explain any additions made to the checklist.
Did any unexpected safety or environmental concerns become evident
during the 1st experimental runs? Explain the situation and what was
done to correct it.
Will the next set of experiments pose any new risks due to a different
procedure being followed, different flow rates being used, etc.?
Explain if the findings from the experimental runs limited the design
options.
Conduct a preliminary economic analysis of the process and describe
the results. What improvements could be made?
Explain the quality issues that can be surmised from the experimental
runs, and how they might be dealt with.
Are changes needed in the experimental plan to address quality issues
that have arisen?
Note: follow the guidelines for tables and figures as presented in the
regular report writing manual.
Final Report
The final report is due 1 wk after the final lab period (extensions can be
granted for reports due at the end of the term or for overlapping submissions
with regular labs). It is to be written as an internal report, where the reader is
concerned with both the team organization and the technical findings. It is
expected that the team will collaboratively come up with a possible solution
to the engineering problem. Reference citations (e.g. Petrell and Alie, 2006
for single or two authors, and Petrell et al., 2006 for multiple authors) must be
included when appropriate in the text. An explanation of the report format
and marking guideline are given below. Note that there are both individual
and group marks awarded.
4. Table of Contents/Figures
List the page numbers on which the various sections of the Report
begin.
List Tables and Figures listed separately. These lists include the
Figure or Table number, the Figure caption or the Table label, and the
page number.
12. Nomenclature
13. References
References must be provided for all books and published articles from
which equations or values are taken.
List references alphabetically by the surname of the lead author using
the format described at the end of this document.
Note: follow the guidelines for tables and figures as presented in the
regular report writing manual.
Troubleshooting
Analyzing;
Synthesizing;
Seeing patterns;
Using analogy;
Predicting using rules and laws;
Challenging methods, definitions, and assumptions
3. Practicing attitude: being ready to change goals and plans; (and if you
are stuck leave it for a while, take a walk, or ask for help depending on
the degree of emergency).
4. Choosing and implementing the best solution.
5. Evaluating the effectiveness of the solution.
6. Reflecting on the procedure and the key factors.
Referencing style.
Please use the following referencing style for research papers, books, and
chapters in books.
Research paper:
Book:
Chapter in book:
Iverson SJ. Blubber. In: Perrin WF, Würsig B, Thewissen HG, editors.
107-112.