INTRODUCTION

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally constituted organization created

by private persons or organizations with no participation or representation of any
government. In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments,
the NGO maintains its non-governmental status insofar as it excludes government
representatives from membership in the organization.

NGOs exist for a variety of reasons, usually to further the political or social goals of their
members or funders. Examples include improving the state of the natural environment,
encouraging the observance of human rights, improving the welfare of the disadvantaged,
or representing a corporate agenda. However, there are a huge number of such
organisations and their goals cover a broad range of political and philosophical positions.
This can also easily be applied to private schools and athletic organizations

The primary purpose of an operational NGO is the design and implementation of

development-related projects. One frequently used categorisation is the division into
'relief-oriented' or 'development-oriented' organisations; they can also be classified
according to whether they stress service delivery or participation; or whether they are
religious or secular; and whether they are more public or private-oriented. Operational
NGOs can be community-based, national or international.

The primary purpose of an Advocacy NGO is to defend or promote a specific cause. As

opposed to operational project management, these organisations typically try to raise
awareness, acceptance and knowledge by lobbying, press work and activist events.

OBJECTIVES
This study was undertaken to bring out an overall picture of the nature, extent and
process of
governance failure, irregularities and corruption in the NGO sector. It also puts forward
certain
recommendations as a way out for promoting accountability, transparency and good
governance in
the sector. The main objective is to bring into focus the importance of soul searching
within the
sector and to sensitize all the stakeholders with particular emphasis on self-regulation of
NGOs.
METHODOLOGY
This is a qualitative study combining desk research with field work and fact finding on
selected
NGOs. Indirect sources of information included review of research reports, relevant
published
documents including books, project documents, evaluation reports, audit reports,
monitoring
reports and website. Direct sources of included check-list based interviews with chief
executive
and/or senior officials, other employees and key informants; Focused Group Discussion
with the
NGO staff using check-list. Key-informants for the study included chief executive or
senior officials,
Project Officers in charge of government funded projects, Officers of the NGOAB,
Officials of the
local administration and district and upazila level, consultants, chartered accountants,
officials of
donor organizations, human rights organizations, media persons, directors of NGO apex
bodies,
researchers, scholars, economists, journalists and local level civil society individuals.
20 NGOs were selected on the basis of type, geographical distribution, and nature of
activities to
analyze qualitative data on problems of good governance. Seven of them have staff
strength of
less than 200 employees and seven have 201 to 400 employees, five have 801 or more
employees. All these NGOs are registered with the Government. A few NGOs are
registered under
more than one registration authority. 17 are registered under the NGOAB.
The NGOs operating at national level have the highest number of stakeholders. They
have a
countrywide working area. The NGOs included under this study have more than
3,11,000
stakeholders. The main activities that these NGOs are involved are micro-credit,
education, health,
agriculture/forestry, and human rights.
These NGOs mainly work with the support of foreign donors. Major donors are the Asian
Development Bank, the US Agency for International Development (USAID), Canadian
International
Development Agency (CIDA), Save the Children, Department for International
Development (DFID,
UK), UNICEF, World Bank, Oxfam, World Food Program etc.
Challenges facing NGOs
NGOs in Bangladesh work under many constraints and challenges. Some of these
challenges are:
(a) lack of financial sustainability; (b) shortage of efficient employees and high employee
attrition;
(c) inadequate infrastructure; (d) undue interference and control by the government; (e)
lengthy
fund release process; (f) low level of inter-sectoral cooperation; (g) inadequate training
and low
level of true professionalism among employees often aggravated by lack of job security;
(h) lack of
information and relevant research; (i) religious conservatism and militancy, and threat of
terrorism;
(j) political pressure and political instability; k) Unfavourable tax regime; and (l) natural
calamities.

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Sagor Ali: it is of pink color

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