2/25/2011 Oracle 10g RMAN Block Media Recovery

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95k PM Apply How to perform Block Media Recovery using RMAN
Now & get Multiple Posted by Zahid on August 19, 2009.
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When you get some data blocks in the data files physically corrupt, then you will have to restore the full data file from backup
for the recovery of those few block, if you don't have RMAN backups. But if you do then you can take benefit of this very
Pay per use IT powerful feature of RMAN called BMR (BLOCK MEDIA RECOVERY). Using BMR only those blocks which are corrupt can be
Tata recovered from a backup instead of recovering whole file.
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conn usr_corrupt/usr_corrupt
Zahid Karim Connected.

create table t_corrupt as select * from all_objects

/

Table created.

SQL> exit

We have a tablespace ts_corrupt, which has a table named t_corrupt owned by the user usr_corrupt. Lets take a backup of
this tablespace using RMAN.

$ rman target /

RMAN> backup datafile 6 tag=healthy;

Starting backup at 04-APR-09

Recent Posts
1.Use DBMS_REPAIR to fix
physically corrupt data
block
2.Using DBMS_CRYPTO to
encrypt or decrypt sensitive
data
3.ORA-24248 XMLDB
oracleflash.com/…/How-to-perform-Blo…
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00006 name=/d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo/ts_corrupt01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-APR-09
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-APR-09
piece handle=/d01/apps/flash_recovery_area/ORAXPO/backupset/
2009_04_04/o1_mf_nnndf_HEALTHY_5vhcr4vz_.bkp tag=HEALTHY
comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 04-APR-09
RMAN> list backup;
1/6
2/25/2011 Oracle 10g RMAN Block Media Recovery
RMAN> list backup;
3.ORA-24248 XMLDB
extensible security not
installed
List of Backup Sets
4.Upgrade Oracle 10g ===================
Release 2 to Oracle 11g
Release 1 BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
5.Oracle 11g Release 1 Pre 2 Full 4.66M DISK 00:00:01 04-APR-09
Upgrade tool utlu111i sql BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: HEALTHY
Piece Name: /d01/apps/flash_recovery_area/ORAXPO/backupset/
2009_04_04/o1_mf_nnndf_HEALTHY_5vhcr4vz_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 2
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ------- --------- ----
6 Full 525109 04-APR-09 /d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo/ts_corrupt01.dbf

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

Now we have a backup of data file "/d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo/ts_corrupt01.dbf" tagged as healthy.

Lets see where in the data file this table is sitting.

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

select segment_name , header_file , header_block

from dba_segments
where segment_name = 'T_CORRUPT'
and owner = 'USR_CORRUPT';

SEGMENT_NAME HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK

---------------------------- ----------- ------------
T_CORRUPT 6 11

SQL> exit

The header of the table is in block 11, so if the block 12 or so are corrupted we will get an error when we try to select data
from the table. Lets corrupt block 12 using the "dd" command in Linux.
DISCLAIMER: The dd command given below is just for learning purposes and should only be used on testing systems. I will
not take any responsibility of any consequences or loss of data caused by this command.

$ cd /d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo
$ dd of=ts_corrupt01.dbf bs=8192 conv=notrunc seek=12 << EOF
> Bingo! Corrupted.
> EOF
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
18 bytes (18 B) copied, 0.000487 seconds, 37.0 kB/s

After this command successfully executed block 12 in the data file "/d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo/ts_corrupt01.dbf" is corrupt.

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

System altered.

/*
We need to flush the buffer_cache because if the block 12 is
in the buffer_cache already it will not be read from the data file.
*/

SQL> conn usr_corrupt/usr_corrupt

Connected.
SQL> select count(*) from t_corrupt;
select count(*) from t_corrupt
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 12)
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo/ts_corrupt01.dbf'

SQL> exit

The error that we get due to a block corruption is very clear. It will tell you the file and block#.
Lets do BMR for data file 6 and block 12.

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2/25/2011 Oracle 10g RMAN Block Media Recovery

$ rman target /

RMAN> BLOCKRECOVER DATAFILE 6 BLOCK 12;

Starting blockrecover at 04-APR-09

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=154 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set
restoring blocks of datafile 00006
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /d01/apps
/flash_recovery_area/ORAXPO/backupset/2009_04_04
/o1_mf_nnndf_HEALTHY_5vhcr4vz_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1
piece handle=/d01/apps/flash_recovery_area/ORAXPO/backupset/
2009_04_04/o1_mf_nnndf_HEALTHY_5vhcr4vz_.bkp tag=HEALTHY
channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

starting media recovery

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished blockrecover at 04-APR-09

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

BLOCK MEDIA RECOVERY Complete we should now get the block 12 recovered back.

$ sqlplus usr_corrupt/usr_corrupt

SQL> select count(*) from t_corrupt;

COUNT(*)
----------
40688

SQL> exit

Lets now corrupt more then one blocks in the file and test BMR in a different way.

$ cd /d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo
$ dd of=ts_corrupt01.dbf bs=8192 conv=notrunc seek=13 << EOF
> A Messy Corruption.
> EOF
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
20 bytes (20 B) copied, 0.000382 seconds, 52.4 kB/s

$ dd of=ts_corrupt01.dbf bs=8192 conv=notrunc seek=14 << EOF

> A Messy Corruption.
> EOF
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
20 bytes (20 B) copied, 0.003494 seconds, 5.7 kB/s

$ dd of=ts_corrupt01.dbf bs=8192 conv=notrunc seek=15 << EOF

> A Messy Corruption.
> EOF
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
20 bytes (20 B) copied, 0.000374 seconds, 53.5 kB/s

We have successfully corrupted block 13,14,15 in the datafile "/d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo/ts_corrupt01.dbf".

$ sqlplus usr_corrupt/usr_corrupt

SQL> select count(*) from t_corrupt;

COUNT(*)
----------
40688

/* Why are we still able to do a successful select on the table? */

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2/25/2011 Oracle 10g RMAN Block Media Recovery
/* Why are we still able to do a successful select on the table? */

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

System altered.

/*
The table was in buffer_cache so when we did a select we got all
blocks from buffer_cache. Flush the buffer cache to read blocks
from file.
*/

SQL> conn usr_corrupt/usr_corrupt

Connected.
SQL> select count(*) from t_corrupt;
select count(*) from t_corrupt
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 13)
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo/ts_corrupt01.dbf'

SQL> exit

Having said that you have three blocks corrupt in your data file, your automated backup script started in the night somewhere
and took a backup of the file marking the blocks as corrupt. So you don't have these corrupt blocks in your latest backup.
When RMAN finds corrupt blocks in the data file it reports them in v$backup_corruption.

$ rman target /

RMAN> run {
set maxcorrupt for datafile 6 to 3;
/*
This will ignore 3 corruptions in the file 6 and mark
the blocks as corrupt.
*/
backup datafile 6;
}

executing command: SET MAX CORRUPT

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

Starting backup at 04-APR-09

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=158 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00006
name=/d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo/ts_corrupt01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-APR-09
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-APR-09
piece handle=/d01/apps/flash_recovery_area/ORAXPO/backupset/
2009_04_04/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20090404T022906_5vhds2lc_.bkp
tag=TAG20090404T022906 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 04-APR-09

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

The backup is complete now lets see what do we have in v$backup_corruption.

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

select piece#, file#, block# , blocks , marked_corrupt

from v$backup_corruption;

PIECE# FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS MAR

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---
1 6 13 3 YES

SQL> exit

It tells us there are three blocks corrupted in data file 6. Now we can simply go to RMAN use the BLOCK RECOVER
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2/25/2011 Oracle 10g RMAN Block Media Recovery
It tells us there are three blocks corrupted in data file 6. Now we can simply go to RMAN use the BLOCK RECOVER
command to recover all these blocks in one go from the backup we took before this corruption.

$ rman target /

RMAN> list backup;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 4.66M DISK 00:00:01 04-APR-09
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: HEALTHY
Piece Name: /d01/apps/flash_recovery_area/ORAXPO/backupset/
2009_04_04/o1_mf_nnndf_HEALTHY_5vhcr4vz_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 2
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ------- --------- ----
6 Full 525109 04-APR-09 /d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo/ts_corrupt01.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3 Full 4.66M DISK 00:00:01 04-APR-09
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO
Tag: TAG20090404T022906
Piece Name: /d01/apps/flash_recovery_area/ORAXPO/backupset
/2009_04_04/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20090404T022906_5vhds2lc_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 3
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ------- --------- ----
6 Full 526341 04-APR-09 /d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo/ts_corrupt01.dbf

/* We can use the backup with the TAG=HEALTHY */

RMAN> BLOCKRECOVER CORRUPTION LIST FROM TAG "HEALTHY";

/*
CORRUPTION LIST means all the blocks reported corrupt in
v$backup_corruption.
*/

Starting blockrecover at 04-APR-09

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=154 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set
restoring blocks of datafile 00006
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /d01/apps/
flash_recovery_area/ORAXPO/backupset/2009_04_04/
o1_mf_nnndf_HEALTHY_5vhcr4vz_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1
piece handle=/d01/apps/flash_recovery_area/ORAXPO/backupset/2009_04_04/
o1_mf_nnndf_HEALTHY_5vhcr4vz_.bkp tag=HEALTHY
channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

starting media recovery

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04

Finished blockrecover at 04-APR-09

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

Lets see if we have our data back.

$ sqlplus usr_corrupt/usr_corrupt

SQL> select count(*) from t_corrupt;

COUNT(*)
----------
40688

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2/25/2011 Oracle 10g RMAN Block Media Recovery
SQL> exit

All blocks are recovered now. Before anything else happens you should quickly take another healthy backup of the data file.

$ rman target /

RMAN> backup datafile 6 tag=healthy_new;

Starting backup at 04-APR-09

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=158 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00006 name=/d01/apps/oradata/oraxpo/ts_corrupt01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-APR-09
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-APR-09
piece handle=/d01/apps/flash_recovery_area/ORAXPO/backupset/2009_04_04/
o1_mf_nnndf_HEALTHY_NEW_5vhffqf6_.bkp tag=HEALTHY_NEW comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 04-APR-09

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

$

See also:
How to convert user managed copies into RMAN copies
Use DBMS_REPAIR to fix physically corrupt data block

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