Filipino Biologists

Angel C. Alcala
-invented artificial coral reefs to be used in South East Asia.

Pedro B. Escuro
- rice breeding
- he developed the dwarf, high-yielding C4 rice varieties.

Edgardo Gomez
-Research achievements on marine ecosystems

Bienvinido O. Juliano
-At 42, he has already more than a hundred scientific articles mostly published in
international journals.

Milagrosa R. Martinez
- Pioneering efforts in the development of micro algaculture;
- Research in the field of phycology, including ecological studies of NOSTOC
COMMUNE and CHLORELLA

Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza

-Born on August 7, 1947. Research in plant biochemistry.

Quirino O. Navarro
-The determination of nuclear property in the isotopes of californium, einsteinium and
dysprosium using cryogenic techniques.

Baldomero Olivera, Jr.

-Research in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology.

Asuncion Raymundo
-Soil Microbiology

Alfredo Santos
-Research in the chemistry of natural products.

Reynaldo A. Tabada
-air pollution and water resource development (development academy of the Philippines
and center for economic development)
-environment impact assessment of air pollutants from coal-fired thermal power plants
(national power corporation)
- Influence of hydrogen sulfide and heavy metal emission from operation of tiwi (albay)
geothermal plant on d vegetation (NPC)
-compartmentalization of nitrogen and phosphorus in laguna lake (SEAFDEC)
Carmen Velasquez
-is a specialist in fish parasitology - the study of parasites and hosts among fish.

Benito S. Vergara
-Leading authority on the flowering response of rice to photoperiodsm and physiology
and improvement of deep water rice
- He authored a numbered of technical materials on rice science

Prescillano M. Zamora
-Dr. Zamora is recognized for his contributions to plant anatomy-morphology,
pteridophyte biology, and the conservation of environment and natural resources policy research.

Cabrera, Benjamin D.
-M.D., M.P.H. Medical Parasitology and Public Health especially for filariasis and
ascariasis

Eduardo Quisimbing
-He is an expert in medicinal plants.

Carmen Velasquez
-Discovered 32 species and one new genus of digenetic trematodes
 Ayad, Russell
BSED-PS2

Foreign Biologist
Louis Agassiz (1807-1873)
- Swiss-born American zoologist, geologist, and paleontologist, with a special
expertise in ichthyology. Founder and director of Harvard's Museum of Comparative
Zoology, one of the most famous scientists of his day.

Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522-1605)

-Italian naturalist and physician. Together with Conrad Gesner, he led the
Renaissance movement that placed a renewed emphasis on the study of the nature.

Mary Anning (1799-1847)

-British paleontologist. Often described as the greatest fossil hunter ever known.

Werner Arber (1929)

-Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. Shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine with Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans for the discovery of restriction
endonucleases, which led to the development of recombinant DNA technology.

Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876)

-German biologist and scientific explorer. One of the founders of embryology, von
Baer discovered the notochord and the embryonic blastula.

David Baltimore (1938)

-American biologist. For their discovery of the viral enzyme reverse
transcriptase (RT), Howard Temin, David Baltimore, and Renato Dulbecco shared the 1975
Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Temin and Baltimore discovered this enzyme, also
known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

George Beadle (1909-1975)

-American geneticist. By means of x-ray irradiation of the mold Neurospora crassa
and screening of the resulting mutants, Beadle showed, with Edward Tatum, that
mutations induced in genes corresponded to alterations in specific enzymes. This finding
led to the acceptance of the one gene/one enzyme hypothesis. Shared with Tatum half the
1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002)

-Austro-Hungarian-born American biochemist and polyglot (Chargaff spoke 15
languages). Chargaff was Jewish and left Nazi Germany in 1935, emigrating to the U.S.
where he became a professor at Columbia University.
- In 1950 he experimentally determined certain crucial facts about the
composition of DNA that led directly to the correct elucidation of its molecular structure. In
particular, he demonstrated three rules (now known as Chargaff's Rules), which state that
in DNAthe number of adenine residues always equals the number of thymine residues;

• the number of guanine residues always equals the number of cytosine residues;
• the number of purines (A+G) always equals the number of pyrimidines (T+C).
Baron Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
-French naturalist and zoologist. Founder of the fields of vertebrate paleontology and
comparative anatomy.

Raymond Arthur Dart (1893–1988)

-Australian-born South African anatomist and paleoanthropologist. The first
scientist to recognize an australopithecine, Dart was the discoverer of the Taung Child.

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

-English naturalist. One of the most important figures in the history of
biology. His book, On the Origin of Species, convinced many of the reality of evolution.
Remembered for the theory of natural selection, the credit for which he had to share with
Alfred Wallace, who formulated it independently.

Eugene M. McCarthy, Ph.D.

-Perhaps the most successful post-Darwinian saltationist was Hugo de Vries.
De Vries dominated evolutionary thought during the first decade of the twentieth century.
His theories, which "achieved an enormous popularity,"1 grew out of his own
experimentation.

Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge.

-The battle between the gradualists and the saltationists, which is further
discussed below, continued until the 1940s, when a strong intellectual shift occurred.
Gradualism then became the ascendant perspective among biologists.

Conrad Gesner (1516-1565)

-Renaissance Swiss naturalist, called the "German Pliny." Both Gesner and his
longer-lived contemporary Ulisse Aldrovandi belonged to the generation of scholars who
revived the ancient practice of studying the natural world.

Richard Goldschmidt (1878-1958)

-German-born American geneticist. First biologist to integrate genetics,
development, and evolution.

Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002)

-American paleontologist, who, along with Niles Elredge, revived the
saltationist tradition in biology by pointing out that the typical fossil form comes into being
rapidly and remains largely the same thereafter, right up to the time of extinction
("punctuated equilibrium").

Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859)

-Prussian naturalist, scientific explorer, polyglot, and polymath. The
last great scientific generalist, Humboldt made important contributions to nearly every
branch of the natural sciences. Indeed, he believed that no organism or phenomenon could
be fully understood in isolation. Living things, the objects of biological study, had to be
considered in conjunction with data from other fields of research such as meteorology and
geology. His object was to measure every aspect of nature, and he did so with the finest
instruments then available.

Dr. Jan Ingenhousz

- (also Ingen-Housz), a Dutch physician, showed light is essential to plant
respiration and that the gas plants produce in light is oxygen. For this reason, he is
recognized as the discoverer of photosynthesis. He also demonstrated that the leaves and
other green (chlorophyll-containing) parts of plants are the sources of the oxygen produced.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)

-Early evolutionary theorist. Long before Darwin, Lamarck proposed that human
beings had evolved from apes.

Louis and Mary Leakey (1913-1996)

-The paleoanthropologist team that convinced the world that human first
evolved in Africa.

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

-Swedish botanist, zoologist, and taxonomist. Creator of the modern system
of scientific nomenclature. Early evolutionary theorist.

Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

-Scottish geologist and paleontologist. Gave the Pliocene Epoch its name. A
friend and supporter of Charles Darwin, Lyell, established uniformitarianism as a scientific
principle.

Barbara McClintock (1902-1992)

-American cytogeneticist. One of the foremost biologists of the twentieth
century. During her research on color mosaicism in maize in the early 1940s, she
discovered transposons, mobile genetic elements that can move from one location to
another within the genome.

Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)

-Austrian scientist/monk. Showed inheritance of traits follows particular rules,
now known as Mendel's Laws. In an fascinating, original article, guest author David Allen,
discusses Mendel's hybridization research, and how it has been misrepresented at times by
both sides of the modern debate between Darwinians and creationists.

Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945)

-American geneticist. Elucidated the connection between meiosis and genetic
segregation. His discoveries about genes and their locations on chromosomes helped make
biology into an experimental science. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1933).

Daniel Nathans (1928-1999)

-American microbiologist. Shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with
Hamilton Smith and Werner Arber for the discovery of restriction endonucleases, which led
to the development of recombinant DNA technology.

Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD)

-Ancient Roman naturalist, also known as Gaius Plinius Secundus or Caius
Plinius Secundus. Pliny's only surviving work, his great Natural History, covers nearly the
entire field of ancient knowledge about the natural world.

John Ray (1628-1705)

-English naturalist. Perhaps the most important classifier prior to Linnaeus. He was a
leading figure in the movement to abandon the Scholastic tradition and base biological
classification on the observed traits of organisms. Major works: Historia Plantarum (1686);
Synopsis methodica Animalium Quadrupedum et Serpentini Generis (1693); Historia
Insectorum (1710); Synopsis methodica Avium et Piscium (1713).

René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683-1757)

-French scientist. Made important contributions to many fields of biology, especially
entomology, ornithology, and agriculture.

Adam Sedgwick (1785-1873)

-British geologist and paleontologist; name of the Devonian and Cambrian periods.

Hamilton O. Smith (1931)

-American microbiologist. Shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with
Werner Arber and Daniel Nathans for the discovery of restriction endonucleases, which led
to the development of recombinant DNA technology.

William Smith (1769-1839)

-English geologist and surveyor. The man who did for English geology what
his more fortunate contemporary Georges Cuvier did for the geology of France.

Edward Lawrie Tatum (1909-1975)

-American geneticist. By means of x-ray irradiation of the mold Neurospora crassa
and screening of the resulting mutants, Tatum showed, with George Beadle, that mutations
induced in genes corresponded to alterations in specific enzymes. This finding led to the
acceptance of the one gene/one enzyme hypothesis. Shared with Beadle half of the 1958
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Howard Martin Temin (1934)

-American geneticist. Shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with
Renato Dulbecco and David Baltimore for their discovery of reverse transcriptase.

Theophrastus (c. 372 - c. 287 B.C.)

-Ancient Greek philosopher, successor of Aristotle as head of the Lyceum. His
Enquiry into Plants (Historia plantarum) and Origins of Plants (Causae plantarum) are the
beginning of all subsequent botanical thought. Remarkably, Theophrastus knew that plants
engaged in sexual reproduction, a fact thereafter forgotten and not rediscovered until the
eighteenth century.

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

-The founder of modern human anatomy. Born in Brussels near a hill where
condemned criminals were tortured, executed, and left to rot, Vesalius must have been
familiar with the details of human anatomy even as a child.

Alfred Wallace (1823-1913)

-British naturalist. Developed the theory of natural selection independently of Charles
Darwin. One of the most creative, adventurous, and amiable biologists of the 19th century.

John Xantus (1825-1894)

-Hungarian zoologist. Also known as: John Xantus de Vesey; Xántus János.
Prominent 19th century specimen collector.

Norton Zinder (1928-)

-American biologist.
 -Discoverer of bacterial transduction, the transfer of genetic material
from one bacterium to another by bacteriophages. This process is now much used in the
intentional genetic transformation of bacteria.