PROPOSED MEASURES

FOR FLOOD PROTECTION

IN HOCHIMINH CITY
VIETNAM,

By Dr. Trinh Cong Van

Consultant HEC2
 Hochiminh city

Mekong delta
Thailan gulf

China sea
 Population of HCMC

01-10-1979 01-04-1989 01-04-1999 01-10- 2025

2004 expected

3,419,978 3,988,124 5,037,155 6,117,251 10,000,000

 Sa i
ong
rive
HCMC

r
r
r i ve
i
HCMC AREA g na
n
Do
2000 km2
Ground Level: 72%
of areas is below
+2,00m

Longan province

sea
Storm rain water during high tide
Flood due to spring tide
(no rain water)
…. on streets
… go into …
… houses
 Water Impacts

S.S
TAÂY NINH

AØ
BÌNH DÖÔNG

GOI
ØN
RAIN
S. VA
ØM C
OÛ
LONG AN

Dong Nai

G IN
FLOODIN ÑOÀNG NAI
DELT A
MEKONG

BAØ RÒA-VUÕNG TAØU

MOTION
TIDAL
 Main Natural Causes

Storm rain water (intensity

increases)
Flood discharge on surrounding
rivers (Saøi goøn, Ñoàng nai, Vaøm
coû rivers)
High water levels due to tidal motion
Combination
Main Manmade Causes
Very fast growth and uncontrolled urban
development
Growth in areas with lower elevation
Retention and infiltration areas occupied
Inadequate urban planning and lack of
enforcement
Overload of existing utility systems
(drainage, sewerage, roads, garbage
collection, etc)
 BI N TRÌNH Hmax VÀ Htb N M TR M V NG TÀU

500
H(cm) Th i k 1979 - 2006 , M c "0" H i

HHWL
Climate change
450

400
?
y = 0.4855x - 548.21

350 LWL Temperature

300 T (0C)
Sea level rise y = 0.3546x - 444.52
29
Thöïc ño IMFs
Vungtau 250 28.5
28
station 200
1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006
27.5
HmaxnamVT HtbnamVT Nm
27
(20cm/50 Linear (HmaxnamVT) Linear (HtbnamVT)

26.5
years) 26
naê
m
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Increase of Rainfall intensity 1977-2006: 0.26o/10 years

1997-2006: 0.34o/10 years
1960-2007
Duration (minutes)

day
15' 30' 45' 60' 90' 120' 180'

Increase (mm)
2.78 10.2 10.6 12.9 16.9 20 26 26.41
In low level water situation
During high water levels

Rain High water level

due to tidal
floods
PROBLEMS
Flooding from upstream
Rain

Overloading and poor

condition of existing
drainage system

High water level

due to tidal motion
SOLUTIONS
Control upstream reservoirs

Rain

Improve and upgrade

drainage system
(according to master plan)

Control tidal water level

 LEVEL 4

LEVEL 4

LEVEL 4
LEVEL 3

LEVEL 3
LEVEL 2

LEVEL 1 : OPEN CHANEL

TIDAL GATES (STORM SURGE
BARRIERS) TO CONTROL WATER
LEVEL

To prevent high water levels in the

city during flood – tide
Release regulated volume of water
during ebb – tide
Maintain water level for navigation
channel in the city
Inside water level
controlled by tidal
gate
Tidal gates keep water level in
open channels below ground level
The system keeps water levels below +1,0m
in open channel under rainy conditions
Rain

Rain

Regulate rain water by channel

system
Expected results

Prevent the city from tidal flooding

Effect (positive) on gravity drainage system of
the city
Remove water-interference area in centre of
the city then improve environment for surface
water
 M öïc nöôùc, cm
AÛ

-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160

15/10, 0 giôø
15/10, 4 giôø
15/10, 8 giôø
15/10, 12 giôø
15/10, 16 giôø
15/10, 20 giôø
16/10, 0 giôø
16/10, 4 giôø
16/10, 8 giôø
16/10, 12 giôø
16/10, 16 giôø
16/10, 20 giôø
17/10, 0 giôø

Hieän traïng

Sau phase 2

Sau Phase 4
Sau Phase 3
Sau Phase 1
17/10, 4 giôø
17/10, 8 giôø
17/10, 12 giôø
17/10, 16 giôø
17/10, 20 giôø

Thôø
18/10, 0 giôø
nh höôûng coâng trình ñeán möïc nöôùc (daâng do baõo caáp 11+trieàu cöôø

i gian
18/10, 4 giôø
18/10, 8 giôø
Without project

18/10, 12 giôø
18/10, 16 giôø
With project

18/10, 20 giôø
19/10, 0 giôø
19/10, 4 giôø
ng+möa cheáñoä+möa raø

19/10, 8 giôø
19/10, 12 giôø
19/10, 16 giôø
19/10, 20 giôø
20/10, 0 giôø
20/10, 4 giôø
20/10, 8 giôø
Ground level

20/10, 12 giôø
20/10, 16 giôø
o 10%) taïi maëtcaétcuoái keânh Taø

20/10, 20 giôø
21/10, 0 giôø
u Huû(Q6)
 M öïc nöôù
c, cm

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
AÛ

15/10, 0 gi ôø
15/10, 4 gi ôø
15/10, 8 gi ôø
nh höôûng coâ

15/10, 12 giôø
15/10, 16 giôø
15/10, 20 giôø
16/10, 0 gi ôø
16/10, 4 giôø
ng trình ñeán möïc nöôù

16/10, 8 giôø
16/10, 12 giôø

16/10, 16 giôø

Hieä
16/10, 20 giôø
17/10, 0 gi ôø

n traïng

Sau phase 2

Sau Phase 4
Sau Phase 3
Sau Phase 1
17/10, 4 gi ôø
c (luõ1%+daâng 70cm+daâ

17/10, 8 gi ôø
17/10, 12 giôø
17/10, 16 giôø
17/10, 20 giôø
ng do baõo caá

Thôø
18/10, 0 gi ôø

i gian
18/10, 4 gi ôø
p 11+tri eà

18/10, 8 gi ôø
u cöôø

18/10, 12 gi ôø
With project
Without project

18/10, 16 gi ôø
18/10, 20 gi ôø
19/10, 0 gi ôø
Sea water level rise 70cm

19/10, 4 gi ôø
19/10, 8 gi ôø
ng+möa cheáñoä+möa raø

19/10, 12 gi ôø
19/10, 16 gi ôø
19/10, 20 gi ôø
20/10, 0 gi ôø
o 10%) taïi maë

20/10, 4 gi ôø
20/10, 8 gi ôø
t caét cuoá

20/10, 12 gi ôø
20/10, 16 gi ôø
i keânh Taø

20/10, 20 gi ôø
Ground level

21/10, 0 gi ôø
u Huû(Q6
Without project, normal condition
Without project, high tide under storm condition
With Project phase 1,
High tide condition
With Project completion,
High tide condition
With project, under condition of
Sea water rise
 Conclusions -
1
1. Proposed measures take into account the
various causes such as rainfall, upstream
discharges of the rivers, tidal effects and future
impact caused by climate change
2. The HCMC area will be protected from floods
during spring tide, flooding in the rivers (or both)
by the structures system
3. The functioning of the drainage system of the city
will improve due to lower water levels in open
channels during storm rains
4. Environmental impacts (tidal city, inland
navigation) would be limited by operation of open
barriers during normal tide time.
Conclusions - 2
5. In addition to structural measures, improved planning
and enforcement is required to guide urban
developments
6. Promote non structural measures to create space for
water retention and infiltration
7. Improve urban utility systems (drainage and sewerage
master plan, roads, waste collection, etc)
8. Improve public awareness and involve communities in
the above measures for local solutions and
improvements