Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BELEBTSCHLAMM
VERFAHREN
Standard
CYCLIC
Waste Water
ACTIVATED
Treatment
SLUDGE
Plants
TECHNOLOGY
CONTENTS
1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 4
2 TREATMENT LEVELS 5
3 FACILITY DESIGN 6
4 DESIGN DATA 7
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6.6 Sludge Thickening 18
7 EXAMPLE DRAWINGS 20
8 DATA TABLES 27
9 LITERATURE 33
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1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The use of the C-TECH System will simplify the operation of the total wastewater
treatment plant and provides a more economical footprint.
The benefits of operation of the C-TECH System over SBR (sequencing batch
reactor) and other conventional systems are listed hereinafter.
This document describes the standard wastewater treatment facility and presents
relevant information on the C-TECH process technology.
Grundfos reserves the right for technical improvements. The given standard sizes,
and capacities shall be refined and modified in case of significant deviations from
standard domestic sewage compositions and in case of placing an order Grundfos
shall be asked for the customer tailored design values.
All given equipment types and manufacturers are to be regarded as a reference ( “or
equal”) and might be subject to changes during detail design.
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2 TREATMENT LEVELS
“Treatment level 1” achieves carbon removal only whereas “treatment level 2” deals
with nitrification / denitrification and simultaneous sludge stabilization.
Treatment Level 2 removes BOD, COD, SS and nitrogen (TN plus NH4-N)
according to EU directives with simultaneous stabilization of
the activated sludge.
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3 FACILITY DESIGN
Fine screen
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4 DESIGN DATA
All design figures refer to people equivalent (PE) which are in terms of loads
hereinafter defined as follows:
BOD g/PE 60
SS g/PE 55
TN g/PE 11
TP g/PE 2.0
Flow rates are used as litre per PE for the daily design flow.
C-TECH facilities are designed for daily influents ranging from 100 to 400 l/p.e.
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5 PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
The biological treatment processing is based on the use of the C-TECH System
methodology.
Biological oxidation and reduction of organic and inorganic pollutants is carried out
by micro-organisms.
By comparison with other conventional or sequencing batch reactors (SBR), the use
of the C-TECH System offers significant economies in capital cost, including
mechanical and electrical costs, operation and maintenance costs and land area
requirements.
Apart from these, there are further advantages which ultimately result in the
technology referred to as the “C-TECH System”.
• Elimination of the need for secondary clarifiers and thus a very compact floor
print and an aesthetically pleasing facility.
• All operations take place within a single basin which provides for easy
extension through modular construction.
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• Automatic containment of growth of most of the filamentous sludge bulking
micro-organisms. A fast settling coarse granulated activated sludge which
dewaters readily is produced.
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5.1 C-Tech System
The C-TECH System specifically refers to the use of a special world wide patent
protected process where amongst other features the combination of a biological
selector in combination with a fed-batch reactor mode is protected.
• Settlement (S)
• Decanting (D)
Aeration and mixing ceases at a predetermined period of the cycle to allow the
biomass to flocculate and settle under quiescent conditions. After a specific settling
period the treated supernatant is removed (decanted), using a moving weir
decanter. The liquid level in the vessel is so returned to the bottom water level after
which the cycle is repeated. Aeration is provided to complete the biological
reactions. Solids are wasted from the tanks as required to maintain the biomass at
manageable levels.
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5.3 Biorate Control
BIORATE control uses dissolved oxygen measuring sensors and the complete-mix
basin configuration to provide a full scale process respirometer.
In this way, the metabolic activity of the biomass is measured within the actual
process basin and is subsequently used as a control to the process.
DECANTER SELECTOR
AERATION
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5.4 Biological Selector Zone
This feature of the process dispenses with the need to operate with FILL AND FILL-
ANOXIC-MIX sequencing and replaces it with simple FILL-AERATE sequencing and
therefore simplifies the operation of the process.
The biological selector assists with the selection of poly P micro-organisms and in
the process of removing phosphorus biologically without chemical addition.
The cycling of each batch process and the regulation of each sequence interval is
governed by a Programmable Logic Control (PLC). Control for the operation of each
sludge pump, each decanter etc. is also included.
The automatic basin air distribution system also regulated by the PLC. This means
that optimum operation and performance are synonymous; management of high and
low load circumstances is easily maintained providing for steady state performance.
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6 DESIGN OF TREATMENT STEPS
It is assumed that raw sewage arrives by gravity flows underground suitable to pass
through the fine screen unit and the sand/grit removal by gravity.
A fine screen system HUBER Rotomat or equal is foreseen for screening the raw
sewage. This unit to be installed indoors, outdoor installation require technical
modifications.
A circular sand and grit removal system is installed . The smaller sizes can be
manufactured in stainless steel, larger sizes to be constructed in concrete locally.
The sand shall be discharged via a sand pump into a sand hopper, a small blower
provides air for flotation of grease. Grease removal to be carried out manually on a
weekly basis. If high fat content in the waste water must be expected an additional
grease removal system in the C-Tech selectors can be offered optionally.
After the sand/grit removal the intermediate pumping station lifts the raw sewage
and distributes it to the C-Tech basins. The intermediate pumping station also
serves as a small flow equalization tank and also allows to dose precipitants in the
cases where chemical Phosphorus removal is required. The volume requirements
for the pumping station is listed under the following chapter.
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6.5 C-Tech Basins
Treatment level 1 2
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6.5.2 Treatment Level 1
Number of basins 2 2 2 2 2
Top water level (TWL) [m] 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
*) Bottom water level (BWL) [m] 2.5-3.7 2.5-3.7 2.5-3.7 2.5-3.7 2.5-3.7
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6.5.3 Treatment Level 2
Number of basins 2 2 2 2 2
Top water level (TWL) [m] 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
*) Bottom water level (BWL) [m] 2.5-3.6 2.5-3.6 2.5-3.6 2.5-3.6 2.5-3.6
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6.6 Sludge Thickening
The surplus sludge from the C-Tech basins will be directly discharged to a small
gravity thickener in order to reduce sludge storage volume requirements. The
thickened sludge will be pumped to an underground sludge storage with a
submersible pump. These pumps not operated automatically. Dimension
requirements are given within the tables above.
Typical sludge concentration after gravity thickening will be about 2,5-3,5% DS.
Volume requirements for storage are given in above tables as “per month”.
Prior to dewatering polyelectrolytes are dosed. Sediment scrolls transport the sludge
cake to sludge hoppers.
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6.9 Effluent reuse
If effluent reuse for irrigation or other purposes is required a reuse system can be
added which would comprise the following steps:
• Raw effluent holding tank to equalize the discharge of the C-Tech basins.
Submersible pumps to feed the filters.
• Automatic, compact filtration unit with steel vessel filters and 100µm steel
cartouche filters. This is only required if suspended solids (SS) concentrations of
<5mg/l are required.
• Liquid chlorination unit with chlorine gas. This is only required if disinfection is
required.
• Chlorine contact tank and water storage tank to provide a reasonable storage
capacity.
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7 EXAMPLE DRAWINGS
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Drawing No. C-TECH 1
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Drawing No. C-TECH 2 (a)
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Drawing No. C-TECH 2 (b)
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Drawing No. OPERATION 1
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Drawing No. OPERATION 2
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Drawing No. OPERATION 3
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8 DATA TABLES
Index and Data Table for Drawing No. C-TECH 1, C-TECH 2 (a) + (b)
Enclosed figures are for hydraulic estimations and civil structure calculations only.
Not for construction. Detailed figures will be given after a contract coming into force between
SFC U and the client
H Foundation sockets for decant arm cm 110 110 110 110 110
K Depth between BWL and TWL cm 160 160 160 160 160
O Water level in Sludge pumping shaft cm 400 400 400 400 400
Q Width of walkway around decant arm cm 110 110 110 110 110
DN 6 Return activated sludge (RAS) pipe mm 100 100 100 100 100
DN 7 Surplus activated sludge (SAS) pipe mm 100 100 100 100 100
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8.2 C-TECH Basins Level 2
Index and Data Table for Drawing No. C-TECH 1, C-TECH 2 (a) + (b)
Enclosed figures are for hydraulic estimations and civil structure calculations only.
Not for construction. Detailed figures will be given after a contract coming into force between
SFC U and the client
H Foundation sockets for decant arm cm 110 110 110 110 110
K Depth between BWL and TWL cm 160 160 160 160 160
O Water level in Sludge pumping shaft cm 400 400 400 400 400
Q Width of walkway around decant arm cm 110 110 110 110 110
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S Max. allowed water level in effluent cm 45 45 55 60 65
collection shaft underneath BWL
DN 6 Return activated sludge (RAS) pipe mm 100 100 100 100 100
DN 7 Surplus activated sludge (SAS) pipe mm 100 100 100 100 100
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8.3 Operation Building
E Diameter of sand and grit chamber cm 126 178 252 281 332
N cm
O Max. sludge depth of sludge storage cm 350 350 350 350 350
tank
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S Depth of operation room for sand and cm 350 350 350 350 350
grit chamber
T Depth of sand and grit chamber cm 350 350 350 350 350
DN 1 Feed pipe for sludge treatment mm 100 100 100 100 100
DN 3 Main air pipe to C-Tech basins mm 100 150 200 250 300
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9 LITERATURE
- Demoulin G.
“Large Scale Realisation of Simultaneous Aerobic Nitrification/Denitrification in Cyclic
Activated Sludge Facilities Treating 100,000 p.e. and more”
Verfahrenstechnik der Abwassser und Schlammbehandlung, Bremen (FGR), 1999
- Demoulin G.
“Innovative Process Technologies for the Treatment of Wastewater in the EU”
Konferenz über “Neue Technologien zur Abwasserreinigungs-Wirtschaftlichkeit und
Betriebserfahrungen”, VDI Düsseldorf (FRG), 1998
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- Demoulin G., Goronszy M. C., Newland M.
“Aerated Denitrification in Full-Scale Activated Sludge Facilities”
Water Science & Technology, 1997, 35,10, 103-110
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