Kayah Li

(Western Red Karen)

Language Lessons
by
H. Anne Helgerson

Orig. Technical Paper # 36 September 1998

Payap University

Revised & Updated by Khu Hte Reh October 2009

 Kayah Li
(Western Red Karen)
Language Lessons
by
H. Anne Helgerson

Orig. Technical Paper # 36 September 1998

Payap University

Revised & Updated by Khu Hte Reh October 2009

 Abstract

This book presents a structured series of language learning lessons intended to help a person
to systematically learn the Kayah Li (Western Red Karen/Karenni) language. Each lesson
contains a dialogue, grammar and vocabulary drills, lesson vocabulary and additional phrases
and vocabulary.

The lessons are preceded by an introduction which presents the essential aspects of Kayah
phonology, a knowledge of which would be helpful to those using the lessons. The unique
orthography used by the Kayah people themselves is also introduced for those who would like
to explore this area further.

Notes on Language and People Terms:

Karenni (Karen-red) refers to all the minority people groups who are from Karenni State
(renamed to Kayah State) in Myanmar. Kayah refers to the largest of the minority groups and
is the name that the Kayah use to refer to themselves as well as their language. The Kayah
speak different dialects of the Kayah Li (red) language. In this book, the Western dialect of
the Kayah language will be taught which in English is referred to as Western Red Karen.
Table of contents

Foreword 1
Introduction 2
Linguistic background 2
Kayah (W. Red Karen) phonology 2
Kayah (W. Red Karen) orthography 4
Lesson 1: Greetings 7
Lesson 2: Learning to speak Kayah (W. Red Karen) 9
Lesson 3: Family 11
Lesson 4: Occupations 14
Lesson 5: A visit 16
Lesson 6: At the market 19
Lesson 7: Looking for someone 22
Lesson 8: The weather 25
Lesson 9: Cooking food 28
Lesson 10: Sickness 31
Lesson 11: Weaving 34
Lesson 12: Clothing 37
Lesson 13: Tending animals 40
Lesson 14: Planting a garden 43
Lesson 15: Fishing 46
Lesson 16: Hunting 49
Lesson 17: Building a house 52
Lesson 18: School 55
Foreword

Purpose of the Language Lessons

These language lessons will be useful to anyone wishing to study or learn the Kayah
(Western Red Karen) language. In order to use these lessons, a basic knowledge of
English is required, as well as the ability to read phonetic script (IPA - International
Phonetic Alphabet). Additionally, these lessons could be used by a speaker/reader of
Kayah to improve his or her English skills.

A further purpose of these language lessons is to contribute to the body of knowledge

about the Kayah language.

Research Methodology
The basic language-learning phrases, dialogues, sentence patterns and drills were
originally elicited from a native speaker of Kayah residing in Chiang Mai. The phrases,
dialogues and terms were checked at different stages for spelling, naturalness and
accuracy by a number of native language speakers who have advanced literacy skills.

Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in the language lessons:
sing. singular
lit. literally
clsf. classifier
colloq. colloquial use, common speech
form. formal use, used in writing more than speaking
Introduction

1. Linguistic background1
The Kayah language is a Central Karenic language. It is spoken in Kayah State of
Myanmar and in Mae Hong Son province of northwest Thailand. The number of Kayah
people is estimated to be 210,000 (Grimes 1996).

2. Kayah Phonology

Syllable structure
There are four syllable types in Kayah: V, CV, CCV and CCCV. The CV syllable
pattern is the most common. Tones occur on the nucleus of the syllable, as does
breathiness. A single diphthong /ɯə/ is treated as one vowel.
Words in Kayah can be one, two or three syllables long. Compound words are also fairly
common.

Consonants:
Retroflex
Alveolar

Alveolar
Bilabial

Glottal
Labio-
Dental

Velar
Post-

Palatal
Dental

Plosive voiceless p t k
voiceless pʰ tʰ kʰ
aspirated
voiced b d
Fricative voiceless (Ө) sʰ ʃ ʂ x h
voiced v z
Afficate voiced ʤ
Nasal voiced m n ɲ ŋ
Tap r
Lateral l
Approximant w j

Note: /ɲ/ is considered by Mr. Hte Reh to be an allophone of /ŋ/ . However, since the
Kayah separate these two elements in their own orthography, I have treated them as
separate for this research.

1
much of the information in this introduction comes from Mr. Hte Reh 1995.
Consonant clusters

The following consonant clusters are found in Kayah:

kj- kw- pj- pw- sʰj- sʰw-

kl- klj- klw- pl- plj- plw- zj-
kr- krj- krw- pr- prj- prw- ʂ j- ʂ w-
vj-
kʰj- kʰw- pʰj- pʰw- ʤj- ʤw-
tj- tw- bj- bw-
tʰj- tʰw rj- rw-
dj- dw- nj- nw- lj- lw-
mj- mw- jw-
ŋj- hj-

Vowels:
Front Central Back
unround round unround round unround round
Close i ɯ u
Close-mid e ə o
Open-mid ԑ ɔ
Open a

There is also a diphthong /ɯə / which is treated as a single vowel.

All vowels, including the diphthong, have a breathy conterpart. These are written

phonetically using the subscript umlaut, for example: /a̤/ /ə̤/ /ɔ̤/ /ɯ̤ ə/

Tone
Kayah has four tones which will be marked as follows:

low (¹)

mid (³)

high-mid (unmarked)
3. Kayah Orthography
The Kayah orthography was first designed by Mr. Thae Bu Phae, a Kayah leader, in the
late 1950’s.

Consonants:

A /k/ M /pʰ/ V /h/ D /ŋ/

B /kʰ/ P /b/ W /v/ Q /r/
I /t/ UE /ʂ/ G /z/ S /l/
J /tʰ/ F /sʰ/ N /m/ T /w/
O /d/ X /ʤ/ K /n/ R /j/
L /p/ U /Ө/ H /ɲ/

Notes:
There are two additional symbols used. The symbol “C” is used for the sound of “g” in
some loan words. Most often this symbol is used as part of a vowel symbol (see next
section).

The symbol “E” is used for the sound “s” found in loan words.

Vowels:

a /a/ d /o/ g /u/

b /ə/ e /ɯ/ h /e/
c /i/ ak /ԑ/ i /ɔ/

In the Kayah orthography, breathiness is written by placing “V” (also used as “h”)

before the vowel that is breathy. For example: KVakp /nԑ̤¹/ ‘you’.

The non-breathy version of /ɯə/ is written in the following way:

consonant + Rb for example: KRbp /nɯə¹/ ‘that’.

The breathy version /ɯ̤ ə/ is written in the following way:

examples:
consonant + VCb LVCb /pɯ̤ ə/ ‘older sibling’

consonant + VCb dpAVCb /o¹kɯ̤ ə/ ‘to rest’

Consonant clusters

cluster breathy cluster breathy cluster breathy

counterpart counterpart counterpart

kj- AR- AVR- kw- AT- ATV-

kl- AS- ASV- klj- ASR- ASVR- klw- AST- ASTV-
kr- AQ- AQV- krj- AQR- AQVR- krw- AQT- AQTV-

pj- LR- LVR- pw- LT- LTV-

pl- LS- LSV- plj- LSR- LSVR- plw- LST- LSTV-
pr- LQ- LQV- prj- LQR- LQVR- prw- LQT- LQTV-

kʰj- BR- - nj- KR- KVR- sʰj- FR- -

kʰw- BT- - nw- KT- KTV- sʰw- FT- -
tj- IR- - mj- NR- NVR- Өj- UR- -
tw- IT- - mw- NT- NTV- Өw- UT- -
tʰj- JR- - ŋj- DR- -
tʰw- JT- - zj- OR- OVR-
dj- OR- - rj- QR- QVR- vj- WR- WVR-
dw- OT- - rw- QT- QTV- ʤj- XR- XVR-
pʰj- MR- - lj- SR- SVR- ʤw- XT- XTV-
pʰw- MT- - lw- ST- STV-
bj- PR- - jw- RT- -
bw- PT- - hj- VR- -

Note that “V”, used to indicate breathiness, is usually placed directly before the vowel it
modifies. An exception is when “R” /j/ is the second or third letter in a cluster. In this
case, “R” is written between the “V” and the vowel.
Tones:
The four tones are written in the following way in the Kayah orthography. The vowel

“a” /a/ is used as an example.

low ap
mid aq
high mid unmarked
high ao
Lesson 1: Greetings

1.1 Dialogue

A. Hello. tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹ IVakQ

p RaPakp KVakp

B. Have you finished eating? nE-¹ e¹ tHµ´³ hç E-³ KVakp hp JRbq Vi VVakq ?

A. I’ve finished eating. e¹ tHµ´³ hç hp JRbq Vi

B. Where are you going? nE-¹ dZµ´ bite³ KVakp XRb PcIhq ?

A. I’m going traveling for va³ dZµ´ o¹le³ prE Waq XRb dpShq LQf
fun/visiting.
I’m going now. dZµ´ hç XRb Vi

1.2 Drills
Drill 1:
I am going visiting. va³
va dZµ´ o¹le³ Waq XRb dpShq

to the village. d´ dç³ Ob Oiq

to town. d´ vi–³ku³ Ob WVcqAgq

to the forest. d´ mi–¹klE³ Ob NVcpASakq

Drill 2:
I am eating (rice). va³
va e¹ ( di³ ) Waq hp (Ocq )

going. dZµ´ XRb

bathing. i¹lµ-´ tHje³ cpSVCb JRhq

1.3 Lesson vocabulary

I va³ Waq to; at d´ Ob

you (sing.) nE-¹ KVakp village dç³ Oiq

to go; walk dZµ´ XRb town vi–³ ku³ WVcqAgq

to walk for fun; dZµ´ o¹le³ XRb dpShq jungle mi–¹- klE³ NVcpASakq
go visiting
to eat (lit. to eat e¹ di³ hp Ocq question marker E-³ VVakq
rice)
to bathe i¹lµ-´ tHje³ cpSVCb JRhq where bite³ PcIhq

already hç / Vi /
JRbq Vi
tHµ´³ hç

1.4 Additional phrases

Hello (to more than one person) tE-¹rjabE¹ Ti³ IVakQ

p RaPakp Ucq

See you tomorrow. mjatHje¹ sHjepa¹ro³ NRaJRhp FRhLapQdq

How are you? nE-¹ o¹mo-¹ o¹rja E-³ KVakp dpNVdp dpQRa VVakq ?

I am fine. va³ o¹mo-¹ o¹rja prE Waq dpNVdp dpQRa LQf

Thank you tE-¹bwi IVakP

p Tc
Lesson 2: Learning to speak Red Karen

2.1 Dialogue

A. Can you speak Red nE-¹ hebE¹dZja- ka¹ja³li–¹ No– KVakp VhPakX
p VRa AapRaqSVcp
Karen? DVd VVakq ?
E-³

B. I can speak a little va³ hebE¹dZja- ta¹ki¹ prE Waq VhPakX

p VRa IapAcp LQak

A. Is Red Karen difficult to hebE¹ ka¹ja³li–¹ No- a¹pja- E-³ VhPakp AapRaqSVcp DVd apLVRa
speak? VVakq
B. It’s not difficult. a¹pja- na to¹ apLVRa Ka Idp

A. From what country do nE-¹ o¹d´ ke- bite³ KVakp dpOb AVh PcIhq ?
you come?
B. I come from Canada. va³ o¹d´ kHEne-¹da¹ Waq dpOb BakKVhpOap

A. Where do you live? nE-¹ o¹ bite³ KVakp dp PcIhq ?

B. I am living in Chiang Mai va³ o¹d´ ki¹ma³ Waq dpOb AcpNaq

A. I’m going back now. ka-¹ hç AVap Vi

B. See you again sometime. mjatHje¹ no¹ po- pa–³ NRaJRhp Kdp LVd LVaq

2.2 Drills
Drill 1:
Can you speak Red Karen? nE-¹ hebE¹ dZja-
dZja ka¹ja
ka ja³li–
ja li–¹ No-
No- E-³

KVakp VhPakp XVRa AapRaqSVcp DVd VVakq ?

read nE-¹ h´ dZja-
dZja ka¹ja
ka ja³li–
ja li–¹ a¹li
li¹
li E-³

KVakp Vb XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp VVakq ?

write nE-¹ ra³ dZja-
dZja ka¹ja
ka ja³li–
ja li–¹ li¹plç
li plç¹
plç E-³

KVakp Qaq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip VVakq ?

Drill 2:
I can speak a little. va³
va hebE¹ dZja- ta¹ki
ta ki¹
ki prE Waq VhPakp XVRa IapAcp LQak

read h´ Vb

write ra³ Qaq

Drill 3:
I can’t speak Red Karen. va³
va hebE¹ dZja- ka¹ja
ka ja³li–
ja li–¹ No- to¹
to

Waq VhPakp XVRa AapRaqSVcp DVd Idp

read va³
va h´ dZja-
dZja ka¹ja
ka ja³li–
ja li–¹ a¹li
li¹
li to¹
to
Waq Vb XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp Idp
write va³
va ra³ dZja-
dZja ka¹ja
ka ja³li–
ja li–¹ li¹plç
li plç¹
plç to¹
to
Waq Qaq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip Idp

2.3 Lesson vocabulary

to speak hebE¹ VhPakp just; only prE LQak

to read h´ Vb negative to¹ Idp

to write ra³ Qaq few; a little ta¹ki¹ IapAcp

to be able to dZja- XVRa difficult a¹pja- apLVRa

to see mjatHje¹ NRaJRhp country ke- AVh

later no¹ Kdp Red Karen ka¹ja³li–¹ No-- AapRaqSVcp

language DVd
again po- LVd AapRaqSVcp
Red Karen ka¹ja³li–¹
alphabet apScp
a¹li¹
to return; go ka-¹ AVap AapRaqSVcp
back
Red Karen ka¹ja³li–¹
letters, words ScpLSip
li¹plç¹
to be; have; live o¹ dp

2.4 Additional phrases

Please speak slowly. kHjaTEdo³ hebE¹ zç-³ ta¹ki¹ BRaUakOdq VhPakp GViq IapAcp

Please say it again. kHjaTEdo³ he po- t´¹hµ¹ BRaUakOdq Vh LVd IbpVep

I don’t understand va³ TE¯e³ ta-³ pluto¹ Waq UakHhq IVaqLSgIdp

clearly.
How is it said? he pHute³ Vh MgIhq ?

Did I say it correctly? va³ he a¹to³ E-³ Waq Vh apIdq VVakq ?

Yes, it was correct. a¹to³ apIdq

No, it was not correct. a¹to³to¹ apIdqIdp

Lesson 3: Family

3.1 Dialogue

A. What is your name? nE-¹ mwi–³ na u³pe³ KVakp NTVcq Ka gqLhq ?

B. My name is ____. va³ mwi–³ na ___________ Waq NTVcq Ka ____

A. Are you married? nE-¹ kHo³mE-³ tHµ´³ hç E-³ KVakp BdqNVakq JRbq Vi VVakq ?

B. No, I’m not married. va³ kHomE-³ hito¹ Waq BdqNVakq VcIdp

A. How many siblings nE-¹ pµ-´vja- o¹ ba prE-¹ te³ KVakp LVCbWVRa dp Pa LQVakp
(including yourself) do you Ihq ?
have?
B. I have two siblings. va³ pµ-´vja- o¹ nje³ prE-¹ Waq LVCbWVRa dp KRhq LQVakp

I have one older brother. va³ vja- prE-¹kHu³ o¹ t´¹prE-¹ Waq WVRa LQVakB
p gq dp IbpLQVakp
LQf
prE

I have no sisters. va³ pµ-´vja- prE-¹mç¹ o¹to¹ Waq LVCbWVRa LQVakN

p ip dpIdp

A. Where is your brother living kHo³¯a nE-¹ vja- prE-¹kHu³ o¹ BdqHVa KVakp WVRa LQVakB
p gq dp
now? PcIhq ?
bite³

B. My brother lives in Canada. va³ vja- prE-¹kHu³ o¹ Waq WVRa LQVakB

p gq dp Ob
BakKhpOap
d´ kHEne¹da¹

He is married. a¹ kHo³mE-³ tHµ´³hç ap BdqNVakq JRbqVi

He has two children. a¹ pHu o¹ nje³ prE-¹ prE ap Mg dp KRhq LQVakp LQf

3.2 Drills
Drill 1:
Do you have a/an younger sister? nE-¹ pµ-´ prE-¹mç¹ o¹
o E-³ KVakp LVCb LQVakN
p ip dp VVakq ?

older sister? vja- prE-¹mç¹ WVRa LQVakN

p ip

younger pµ-´ prE-¹kHu³ LVCb LQVakB

p gq
brother?
older brother? vja- prE-¹kHu³ WVRa LQVakB
p gq

Drill 2:
 Do you have any siblings? nE-¹ pµ-´vja- o¹
o E-³ KVakp LVCbWVRa dp VVakq ?

children? pHu Mg

Drill 3:
I have a younger sister. va³
va pµ-´ prE-¹mç¹ o¹
o Waq LVCb LQVakN
p ip dp

child. pHu Mg

I have five siblings. va³

va pµ-´vja- o¹ ¯a-³ prE-¹ Waq LVCbWVRa dp HVaq LQVakp

children. pHu Mg

Drill 4:
I have two siblings. va³
va pµ-´vja- o¹ nje³
nje prE-¹ Waq LVCbWVRa dp KRhq LQVakp

children. pHu Mg

I have two siblings. va³

va pµ-´vja- o¹ TE nje³
nje Waq LVCbWVRa dp Uak KRhq

children. pHu Mg

Drill 5:
I don’t have any siblings. va³
va pµ-´vja- o¹ to¹
to Waq LVCbWVRa dp Idp

children. pHu Mg

3.3 Lesson vocabulary

he; she; it a¹ ap how many bate³ / PaIhq /

Pa clsf. Ihq
ba clsf. te³

name mwi–³ NTVcq married kHo³mE-³ BdqNVakq

child pHu Mg form. clsf. prE-¹ LQVakp

people
who u³pe³ gqLhq colloq. clsf. TE Uak
people
and; with; na Ka siblings pµ-´vja- LVCbWVRa
that
not yet hito¹ VcIdp younger sister pµ-´ prE-¹mç¹ LVCb LQVakN
p ip
one t´¹ Ibp younger brother pµ-´ prE-¹kHu³ LVCb LQVakB
p gq

two nje³ KRhq older sister vja- prE-¹mç¹ WVRa LQVakN

p ip

five ¯a-³ HVaq older brother vja- prE-¹kHu³ WVRa LQVakB

p gq

now kHo³¯a- BdqHVa

3.4 Additional vocabulary

mother mµ-´ NVCb family hi¹pHja³pHu VcpMRaqMg

father pHE³ Makq grandmother pHje³ MRhq

daughter pHu prE-¹mç¹ Mg LQVakN

p ip grandfather pHµ-´³ MVCbq

son pHu prE-¹kHu³ Mg LQVakB

p gq aunt mµ-´du¹ NVCbOgp

wife me³ Nhq uncle pHE³du¹ MakO

q gp

husband vE-¹ WVakp mother-in-law prE- prE-¹mç¹ LQVak LQVakN

p ip

father-in-law prE- prE-¹kHu³ LQVak LQVakB

p gq

3.5 Additional phrases

How old are you? 1. nE-¹ o¹ ba na¹ hç te³ 1. KVakp dp Pa Kap Vi Ihq ?

2. nE-¹ o¹ hç ba na¹ te³ 2. KVakp dp Vi Pa Ka Ihq ?

I am ___ years old. va³ o¹ _____ na¹ hç Waq dp ____ Kap Vi

Who is the youngest (child in 1. nE-¹ pµ-´ ka¹nja ma¹ u³pe³ 1.

your family?) KVakp LVCb AapKRa Nap gqLhq ?
2. a¹ ka¹nja l´ ma¹ u³pe³ 2. ap AapKRa Sb Nap gqLhq ?

I am the youngest. va³ ka¹nja l´ Waqp AapKRa Sb

Who is the oldest child in your sE-¹ vja- a¹du¹l´ ma¹ u³pe³ KVakp WVRa OgpSb Nap gqLhq ?
family?
Are your parents still alive? nE-¹ mµ-´pHE³ o¹pa¹ E-³ KVakp NVCbMakq dpLap VVakq ?

Yes, they are. a¹ o¹ pa³ ap dp Laq

I’m single. 1. va³ pHuTE¹ pa³ 1. Waq MgUakp Laq

2. va³ o¹ pa¹la³ pa³ 2. Waq dp LapSaq Laq

Yes, I am married. kHo³mE-³ tHµ´³hç BdqNVakq JRbqVi

My grandfather has died. va³ pHµ-´³ Tje³ tHµ´³hç Waq MVCbq URhq JRbqVi

My grandmother has not died. va³ pHje³ Tje³ hito¹ Waq MRhq URhq VcIdp

My grandmother is still living. va³ pHje³ o¹pa³ Waq MRhq dpLaq

Lesson 4: Occupations

4.1 Dialogue

A. What do you do (for a nE-¹ me-¹ tE-¹pHjetE-¹me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IVakM
p RhIVakpNVhp
living)? IcqIhq ?
B. I am a (female) teacher. va³ ma¹ Tjoli¹ho³ Taramµ-´ Waq Nap URdScpVdq
UaQaNVCb
What do you do? nE-¹ me-¹ tE-¹pHjetE-¹me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IVakM
p RhIVakpNVhp
IcqIhq ?
A. I am a shopkeeper. va³ ma¹ klEbja¹dZE¹ Waq Nap ASakPRapXakp

B. What does your father nE-¹ pHE³ me-¹ KVakp Maqk NVhp
do? IVakM
p RhIVakNp Vhp IcqIhq ?
tE-¹pHjetE-¹me-¹ ti³te³
ap Nap ASakPRapXakp VVakq ?
Is he a shopkeeper? a¹ ma¹ klEbja¹dZE¹ E-³

A. No. ma-to¹ NVaIdp

He is a farmer. ap Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa
a¹ ma¹ prE-¹ me-¹ e¹lja-

4.2 Drills
Drill 1:
What do you do? nE-¹ me-¹ tE-¹pHje tE-¹me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IVakM
p Rh IVakN
p Vhp IcqIhq ?

Drill 2:
I am a teacher. va³
va ma¹
ma Tjoli¹ho³ Tara Waq Nap URdScpVdq UaQa

(female) Tjoli¹ho³ Taramµ-´ URdScpVdq UaQaNVCb

teacher.
student. Tjoli¹ho³ pHu URdScpVdq-Mg

Drill 3:
What does your father do? nE-¹ pHE³ me-¹ tE-¹pHje tE-¹me-¹ ti³te
ti te³
te

KVakp Maqk NVhp IVakM

p Rh IVakN
p Vhp IcqIhq ?
mother mµ-´ NVCb

Drill 4:
My father is a farmer. va³
va pHE³
pHE ma¹
ma prE-¹ me-¹ e¹lja- Waq Makq Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa
 shopkeeper. klEbja¹dZE¹ ASakPRapXakp

Drill 5:
What does he do? a¹ me-¹ tE-¹ pHje tE-¹me-¹ ti³te
ti te³
te ap NVhp IVakM
p RhIVakN
p Vhp IcqIhq ?

she a¹ ap

Drill 6:
Is he a farmer? a¹ ma¹
ma prE-¹ me-¹ e¹
e lja- E-³ ap Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa VVakq ?

Are you nE-¹ KVakp

Are they E¹Ti³ akU

p cq

Drill 7:
Yes (I am; he is). a¹ma- apNVa

No (I’m not; he isn’t). a¹ma-to¹ apNVaIdp

4.3 Lesson vocabulary

what ti³te³ IcqIhq

to be; live ma¹ Nap shopkeeper klEbja¹dZE¹ ASakPRapXakp

they E¹Ti³ akU

p cq farmer prE-¹ me-¹ LQVakp NVhp
hpSVRa
e¹lja-

yes; really a¹ma- apNVa teacher Tjoli¹ho³ URdScpVdq UaQa

(male)
Tara

no; not really a¹ma-to¹ apNVaIdp teacher Tjoli¹ho³ URdScpVdq

(female) UaQaNVCb
Taramµ-´

to work me-¹ NVhp IVakMp Rh student Tjoli¹ho³ URdScpVdq-Mg

tE-¹pHje tE-¹me-¹ IVakN
p Vhp pHu

4.4 Additional vocabulary

doctor tE-¹kHu¹ Taradu¹ IVakB

p gp UaQaOgp we pE-¹ LVakp
nurse tE-¹kHu¹ Taramµ-´ IVakB
p gp UaQaNVCb you (plural) Ti³ Ucq

fisherman prE-¹ me-¹ e¹tE-³ LQVakp NVhp hpIVakq headman dç³dZE- OiqXVak

headman po¹ka LdpAa

Lesson 5: A visit

5.1 Dialogue

A. Hello. tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹ IVakQ

p RaPakp KVakp

B. Hello. tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹ IVakQ

p RaPakp KVakp
Come up and sit. JRap dpKRaq Ob Vcp
tHja¹ o¹nja³ d´ hi¹

A. Is this your house? je³ma¹ nE-¹ hi¹ E-³ RhqNap KVakp Vcp VVakq ?

B. Yes, it is. a¹ma- apNVa

A. What are you doing? nE-¹ me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IcqIhq ?

B. I am boiling water. va³ pHo³ tHje³ku- Waq Mdq JRhqAVg

A. What is this? je³ma¹ ti³te³ RhqNap IcqIhq ?

B. This is a kettle. je³ma¹ tHje³ku-pç-¹ RhqNap JRhqAVgLVip

A. What do you do with the boiled nE-¹ pHo³ tHje³ku- rç me-¹ KVakp Mdq JRhqAVg Qi NVhp
water? Ka IcqIhq ?
na ti³te³

B. I put it in the thermos for va³ me-¹ na tHje³ku-sHwi Waq NVhp Ka JRhqAVgFTc
drinking. SVhdq
le-o³

5.2 Drills
Drill 1:
What is this? je³ ma¹
ma ti³te
ti te³
te Rhq Nap IcqIhq ?

that? nµ´¹ KRbp

that (over there)? d´ nµ´¹ Ob KRbp

Drill 2:
What is this called? je³ ma¹
ma E na ti³te
ti te³
te Rhq Nap ako Ka IcqIhq ?

that nµ´¹ KRbp

that (over there) d´ nµ´¹ Ob KRbp

Drill 3:
This is a kettle. je³ma
je ma¹
ma tHje³ku-pç-¹ RhqNap JRhqAVgLVip
 water thermos. tHje³ku-sHwi JRhqAVgFTc

pot stand. lç- ßµ´¹ SVi URbp

Drill 4:
That is a blanket. nµ´¹
nµ´ ma¹
ma hikE-³ KRbp Nap VcAVakq

sleeping mat. le-dE³ SVhOakq

mosquito net. hikE-³ tHç³ VcAVakq Jiq

Drill 5:
Is this your house? je³ma¹ nE-¹ hi¹
hi E-³ RhqNap KVakp Vcp VVakq ?

Is that nµ´¹ma¹ KRbpNap

Drill 6:
This is my house. je³ma
je ma¹
ma va³ hi¹ RhqNap Waq Vcp

This is not my house. je³ma

je ma¹
ma va³ hi¹ ma-to¹
o RhqNap Waq Vcp NVaIdp

5.3 Lesson vocabulary

this je³ Rhq mosquito net hikE-³ tHç³ VcAVakq Jiq

that nµ´¹ KRbp to cook pHo³ / i¹pHo³ Mdq / cpMdq

house hi¹ Vcp water tHje³ JRhq

climb up tHja¹ JRap hot ku- AVg

to do; make me-¹ NVhp kettle tHje³ku-pç-¹ JRhqAVgLVip

to be called E ako thermos tHje³ku-sHwi JRhqAVgFTc

to sit o¹nja³ dpKRaq blanket hikE-³ VcAVakq

sentence rç Qi pot stand (on lç-ßµ´¹ SViURbp

connector fire)
to drink o³ dq sleeping mat le-dE³ SVhOakq
5.4 Additional vocabulary

umbrella kHu¹kµ-´ BgpAVCb padlock sHç³ne- FiqKVh

scissors i¹dZi–¹ cpXVcp matches mi¹pHo³plE- NcpMdqLSVak

scissors ru³re³ QgqQhq radio sHi¹li¹plwo³ FcpScpLSTdq

broom i¹du³ cpOgq towel ka¹tHo³ AapJdq

candle ta¹rEbo³ IapQakPdq bucket tHje³to JRhqId

oil lamp mi¹kç³ NcpAiq bucket pu / tHje³pu Lg / JRhqLg

flashlight mi¹dZi–¹ NcpXVcp bottle kç³ pja-³ Aiq LVRaq

keys sHç³tHi¹ FiqJcp water jar ßo³bja UdqPRa

rope ßo¹plje-¹ UdpLSVRhp soap tHµ mwo-³ Je NTVdq

basket with head kri– AQVc

strap
Lesson 6: At the market

6.1 Dialogue

A. What do you want to buy? nE-¹ TEzµ i¹pri–¹ ti³te³ KVakp UakGVe cpLQVcp IcqIhq ?

B. I want to buy fruit. va³ TEzµ- i¹pri–¹ ßç¹TE¹ Waq UakGVe cpLQVcp UipUakp

Do you have any bananas? di³klwi³TE¹ o¹ E-³ OcqASTcqUakp dp VVakq ?

A. Yes, I do. a¹ o¹ ap dp
How many do you want? KVakp UakGVe Pa URhp Ihq?
nE-¹ TEzµ- ba Tje¹ te³

B. Please give me one hand of kHjaTEdo³ dje va³ BRaUakOdq ORh Waq IbpURhp
bananas.
t´¹Tje¹

How much are the oranges? ßç¹sHµ³TE¹ je³ta¹he¹ ma¹ UipFeqUakp RhqIapVhp Nap PaIhq?
bate³

A. They are 10 baht per kilo. t´¹kilo a¹ ba¹sHje IbpAcSd ap PapFRh

B. I’ll take 2 kilos. va³ pHje nje³kilo Waq MRh KRhqAcSd,

6.2 Drills
Drill 1:
What do you nE-¹ TEzµ i¹pri–¹ ti³te
ti te³
te KVakp UakGVe cpLQVcp IcqIhq ?
want to buy?
look for? mjapu-³ NRaLVgq

look at? mjatHje¹ NRaJRhp

sell? i¹sHE³ cpFakq

What do you need? nE-¹ lo¹bE¹ ti³te³ KVakp SdpPakp IcqIhq ?

Drill 2:
I want to buy fruit. va³
va TEzµ- i¹pri–
i pri–¹ ßç¹TE¹ Waq UakGVe cpLQVcp UipUakp

bananas. di³klwi³TE¹ OcqASTcqUakp

oranges. ßç¹sHµ³TE¹ UipFeqUakp

food. sHE¹e¹ sHE¹o³ Fakh

p p Fakd
p q
Drill 3:
Do you have any eggs? sHje³ dje¹ o¹ E-³ FRhq ORhp dp VVakq ?

uncooked rice? hµ´³ VCbq

cooking oil? tHa¹ tHje³ Jap JRhq

Drill 4:
I don’t have any eggs. va³ sHje³
sHje dje¹
dje o¹ to¹ Waq FRhq ORhp dp Idp

I do have o¹ dp

I have many o¹ E dp ako Sdq

Drill 5:
Please a glass of kHjaTEdo³
kHjaTEdo BRaUakOdq
give me water. ORh Waq JRhq IbpPhq
dje va³
va tHje³ t´¹be³

a plate of rice. di³ t´¹be³ Ocq IbpPhq

a hand of di³klwi³TE¹ t´¹Tje¹ OcqASTcqUakp IbpURhp

bananas.
an egg. sHje³ dje¹ t´¹plç¹ FRhq ORhp IbpLSip

Drill 6:
Five baht. ¯a-³ ba¹
ba HVaq Pap

fifty ¯a-³sHje³ HVaqFRhq

one hundred t´¹ dZwE- IbpXTVak

Drill 7:
Is this enough? a¹pç
pç¹
pç E-³ apLip VVakq ?

This is enough. prE LQak

not enough. to¹ Idp

6.3 Lesson vocabulary

to want TEzµ- UakGVe market klE ASak

to sell i¹sHE³ cpFakq bananas di³klwi³TE¹ OcqASTcqUakp

to look for mjapu-³ NRaLVgq oranges ßç¹sHµ³TE¹ UipFeqUakp

to look at mjatHje¹ NRaJRhp fruit ßç¹TE¹ UipUakp

to need lo¹bE¹ SdpPakp eggs sHje³ dje¹ FRhq ORhp

many E lo³ ak Sdq uncooked rice hµ´³ VCbq

please kHjaTEdo³ BRaUakOdq cooking oil tHa¹ tHje³ Jap JRhq

to give dje ORh bunch (bananas) Tje¹ URhp

to take pHje MRh clsf. small round plç¹ LSip

things
enough a¹pç¹ apLip clsf. containers be³ Phq

today je³t´¹¯e³ RhqIbpHhq ten sHje FRh

food sHE¹e¹ sHE¹o³ Fakh

p p Fakd
p q fifty ¯a-³ sHje HVaq FRh

one hundred t´¹dZwE- IbpXTVak

6.4 Additional vocabulary

pineapple makHe³TE¹ NaBhqUakp five ¯a-³ HVaq

coconut ma u¹TE¹ Na gpUakp six sHµ´ FRb

tamarind ma¹klaTE¹ NapASaUakp seven nwo KTd

watermelon dje³lµ-TE¹ ORhqSVeUakp eight Tjo URd

jackfruit pa¹lja-TE¹ LapSVRaUakp nine da¹ Oap

mango ta¹kHjaTE¹ IapBRaUakp eleven sHje t´¹ FRh Ibp

three Tµ´³ URbq fifteen sHje ¯a-³ FRh HVaq

four lwi–³ STVcq twenty nje³ sHje KRhq FRh

Lesson 7: Looking for someone

7.1 Dialogue

A. Hello. tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹ IVakQ

p RaPakp KVakp

B. Hello. tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹ IVakQ

p RaPakp KVakp
I’m looking for ByaReh. Waq NRaLVgq PRaqQakp
va³ mjapu-³ bja³rE¹

A. He’s gone to the town. a¹ dZµ´ d´ vi³ku³ ap XRb Ob WcqAgq

He went to buy food. a¹ dZµ´ i¹pri–¹ ap XRb cpLQVcp Fakh

p pFakpdq
sHE¹e¹sHE¹o³

B. Whom did he go with? a¹ dZµ´ ro- na u³pe³ ap XRb QVd Ka gqLhq ?

A. I don’t know. va³ TE¯e³ to¹ Waq UakHhq Idp

B. How long will he be gone? a¹ dZµ´ o¹ ¯e-³ pa³ bate³ ap XRb dp HVhq Laq PaIhq ?

A. He will be gone all day. a¹ dZµ´ o¹ dZja- t´¹¯e³ ap XRb dp XVRa IbpHhq
NViVh
mç-he

B. I’ll come back this evening. va³ ka-¹kHje³ je³ ta¹he Waq AVapBRhq RhqIapVh LVaq
pa–³

7.2 Drills
Drill 1:
I’m looking for ByaReh. va³
va mjapu-³ bja³rE
bja rE¹
rE Waq NRaLVgq PRaqQakp

visiting dZµ´ o¹le³ XRb dpShq

speaking with hebE¹ kµ-´³na VhPakp AVCbqKa

Drill 2:
He’s a¹ dZµ´ i¹pri-¹ ta-³mµ-´ti³tE-
ti tE-¹ ap XRb cpLQVcp IVaqNVCbIcqIVakp
gone to buy something.
to sell i¹sHE³ cpFakq

to get ni-bE¹ KVcPakp

Drill 3:
He will be gone all day. a¹ dZµ´ o¹
o dZja- ap XRb dp XVRa
IbpHhqNViVh
t´¹¯e³mç-he

all week. t´¹klE IbpASak

Drill 4:
Who do nE-¹ TEzµ- mjatHje¹ u³pe
pe³
pe KVakp UakGVe
you want to see? NRaJRhp gqLhq ?
speak to? hebE¹ kµ-´³na VhPakp AVCbqKa

visit? dZµ´ o¹le³ kµ-´³na XRb dpShq AVCbqKa

Drill 5 :
Who do you believe? nE-¹ zµ- e¹ u³pe
pe³
pe KVakp GVe hp gqLhq ?

want? TEzµ- UakGVe

need? lo¹bE¹ SdpPakp

listen to? ni-da³ u³pe

pe³
pe hebE¹
hebE KVcOaq gqLhq VhPakp

hear? ni-hµ´ KVcVCbq

Drill 6:
I believe Mima. va³
va zµ- e¹ mima¹
mima Waq GVe hp NcNap

need lo¹bE¹ SdpPakp

I hear Mima (speak). va³

va ni–hµ´³ mima¹
mima hebE¹
hebE Waq KVcVCbq NcNap VhPakp

listen to ni–da³ KVcOaq

Drill 7:
I don’t know. va³
va TE¯e³ to¹
to Waq UakHhq Idp

understand. TE¯e³ ta-³plu UakHhq IVaqLSg

believe. zµ- e¹ GVehp

Drill 8:
When will he go? a¹ dZµ´ bikHE³te
bikHE te³
te pa³
pa ap XRb PcBakI
q hq Laq ?

go to the market? dZµ´ d´ klE XRb Ob ASak

eat? e¹ hp

Drill 9:
He will go tomorrow. a¹ dZµ´ sHjepa¹ro
sHjepa ro³
ro pa–
pa–³ ap XRb FRhLapQdq LVaq

go to the market dZµ´ d´ klE XRb Ob ASak

7.3 Lesson vocabulary

future tense pa–³ LVaq tomorrow sHjepa¹ro³ FRhLapQdq

marker
go together dZµ´ro- XRbQVd day ¯e³ Hhq

with kµ-´³na AVCbqKa week klE ASak

long time ¯e-³ HVhq evening mç-he NViVh

to get ni-bE¹ KVcPakp night mç-kHi NViBc

to return ka-¹kHje³ AVapBRhq all day t´¹¯e³ mç-he IbpHhqNViVh

to listen to ni–da³ KVcOaq something ta-³mµ-´ti³tE-¹ IVaqNVCbIcqIVakp

to hear ni–hµ´³ KVcVCbq to know TE¯e³ UakHhq

to believe zµ-e¹ GVehp to understand TE¯e³ ta-³ plu UakHhq IVaqLSg

when bikE³te³ PcBakI

q hq

7.4 Additional vocabulary

someone t´¹prE-¹prE-¹ IbpLQVakL

p QVakp wherever; bite³ bE¹bE¹ PcIhq PakP
p akp
anywhere
somewhere t´¹pHo¹pHo¹ IbpMdpMdp whatever; ti³te³ bE¹bE¹ IcqIhq PakP
p akp
anything
whoever; u³pe³ bE¹bE¹ gqLhq PakP
p akp whenever; bikHE³te³ PcBakI
q hq PakP
p
anyone anytime akp
bE¹bE¹
Lesson 8: The weather

8.1 Dialogue

A. It rained very hard pa³henu¹ ke-dZµ-¹ du¹ ¯a¹dZç LaqVhKgp AVhXVep Ogp HapXi
yesterday.
B. Yes, it did. a¹ma- apNVa

A. Did you go to the city? nE-¹ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´ KVakp XRb JRbqVi Ob
WVcqAgq VVakq ?
vi-³ku³ E-³

B. No, the road was va³ dZµ´ hito¹ Waq XRb VcIdp
flooded. JRhqOgp Paq SViq ASRaAgq
tHje³du¹ ba³ lç-³ kljaku³

A. Do you think it is going ke-dZµ-¹ po-pa³ nE-¹ ta¹ne-¹ E-³ AVhXVep LVdLaq KVakp
to rain again? IapKVhp VVakq ?
B. I think it will rain. va³ ta¹ne-¹ na ke-dZµ-¹ pa³ Waq IapKVhp Ka AVhXVep Laq
The clouds are very dark. SVCbBc HapXi
lµ-´kHi ¯a¹dZç

A. When will you go? nE-¹ dZµ´ kHje³ bikHE³ pa³ KVakp XRb BRhq PcBakq Laq
Ihq ?
te³

B. I will try again next va³ jadZµ dZµ´ kHje³ no¹ Waq RaXe XRb BRhq Kdp Laq
week. IbpASak
pa³ t´¹klE

8.2 Drills
Drill 1:
It’s very hot. ke-ku- ¯a¹dZç
¯a dZç AVhAVg HapXi

rainy. ke-dZµ-¹ AVhXVep

cold. ke-ro- AVhQVd

Drill 2:
It’s too hot. ke-ku- sµlµ³
sµlµ AVhAVg FeSeq

windy. ke-la³TE AVhSaqUak

dusty. ta¹pro IapLQd

Drill 3:
When did it rain? ke-dZµ-¹ bikHE³te
bikHE te³
te AVhXVep PcBakI
q hq ?

you come? sE-¹ hja³ KVakp VRaq

they go? E¹Ti³ dZµ´ akU

p cq XRb

Drill 4:
It rained this morning. ke-dZµ-¹ je³ t´¹ro³ AVhXVep RhqIbpQdq

yesterday. pa³henu¹ LaqVhKgp

last night. pa¹henu¹ mç-kHi LapVhKgp NViBc

last week. d´ a¹re- t´¹klE Ob apQVh IbpASak

last month. d´ a¹re- t´¹lE³ Ob apQVh IbpSakq

last year. d´ na¹henu¹ Ob KapVhKgp

Drill 5 :
I went already. va³
va dZµ tHµ´³hç
tHµ´ hç Waq XRb JRbqVi

ate e¹ hp

heard ni–hµ´³ KVcVCbq

Drill 6:
I went to the city (already). va³
va dZµ Waq XRb
JRbqVi Ob WVcqAgq
tHµ´ hç d´ vi–³ku³
tHµ´³hç

to the village d´ dç³ Ob Oiq

to the forest, jungle d´ mi–¹klE³ Ob NVcpASakq

8.3 Lesson vocabulary

weather sHje¹klo³ FRhpASdq hot ke-ku- AVhAVg

rain ke-dZµ-¹ AVhXVep cold ke-ro- AVhQVd

big; much du¹ Ogp mud pa¹a Lapa

p

very ¯a¹dZç HapXi wind ke-la³TE AVhSaqUak

too much sHµlµ³ FeSeq morning t´¹ro³ IbpQdq

have been; tHµ´³hç JRbqVi yesterday pa³henu¹ LaqVhKgp

already finished
flood tHje³du¹ JRhqOgp year na¹ Kap

all lç- SVi night mç-kHi NViBc

road kljaku³ ASRaAgq month lE³ Sakq

full ba³ Paq dusty/dirty ta¹pro IapLQd

before; d´ a¹re- Ob apQVh to come hja³ VRaq

previous
to try jadZµ RaXe cloud lµ-´ SVCb

8.4 Additional vocabulary

noon mç-tHµ-´¹ NViJVCbp star sHE¹ Fakp

sunrise mç-tHja¹ NViJRap sun ta¹mç- IapNVi

early mç-li³ NViScq moon lE³ Sakq

morning
sunset mç-ta-³ NViIVaq lightning sHje¹li–³bç FRhpSVcqPi

warm a¹lE-¹ apSVakp thunder mçkrç-³ NiAQViq

rainbow tHje³la¹mç-sHa JRhqSapNViFa

Lesson 9: Cooking food

9.1 Dialogue

A. What are you cooking? nE-¹ pHo³e¹ ti³te³ KVakp Mdqhp IcqIhq

B. I am making curry. va³ pHo³e¹ i¹Twi Waq Mdqhp cpUTc

A. What kind of curry are you nE-¹ pHo³e¹ i¹Twi ti³te³ KVakp Mdqhp cpUTc IcqIhq
making?
B. Chicken curry. i¹Twi sHje¹zje¹ cpUTc FRhpGRhp

A. What do you eat with curry? nE-¹ e¹ i¹Twi na ti³te³ KVakp hp cpUTc Ka IcqIhq

B. The curry is eaten with rice. va¹ e¹ i¹Twi na di³ Wap hp cpUTc Ka Ocq

A. Is is ready to eat? a¹sHµ´kHE³ to³e¹ hç E-³ apFRbBakq Idqhp Vi VVakq

B The curry isn’t finished yet. i¹Twi wo³ hito³ cpUTc Tdq VcIdq

9.2 Drills
Drill 1:
What are you cooking? nE-¹ pHo³e¹ ti³te
ti te³
te KVakp Mdqhp IcqIhq ?

frying? i¹Nu- cpDVg

making? me-¹ NVhp

eating? e¹ hp

Drill 2:
I am eating chicken curry. va³
va e¹ i¹Twi
Twi sHje¹z
sHje zje¹
je Waq hp cpUTc FRhpGRhp

am making pHwo³ e¹ MTdq hp

am throwing away vi³kja³ WcqARaq

Drill 3:
I ate rice with fish curry. va³
va e¹
e di³
di na i¹Twi tE-³ Waq hp Ocq Ka cpUTc IVakq

chicken curry. i¹Twi sHje¹zje¹ cpUTc FRhpGRhp

pork curry. i¹Twi tHjazje¹ cpUTc JRaGRhp

Drill 4:
I ate rice (ate va³
va e¹
e di³
di na va³ kHo³bçTjo Waq hp Ocq Ka Waq BdqPiURd
a meal) with my friend.
his family. a¹ hi¹pHja³pHu ap VcpMRaqMg

Drill 5:
Do you nE-¹ TE e¹
e i¹Twije³ E-³ KVakp Uak hp cpUTcRhq VVakq ?
like (to this curry?
eat)
Karenni ka¹ja³li–¹pHu sHE¹e¹ AapRaqSVcp-Mg Fakh
p p
food?

Drill 6:
Are you thirsty? nE-¹ TEo³tHje³ E-³ KVakp UakdJ
q Rhq VVakq ?

hungry? TEe¹di³ UakhO

p cq

Drill 7:
Yes, I do/am. a¹ma- apNVa

No, I don’t/ am not. a¹ma-to¹ apNVaIdp

Drill 8:
I haven’t eaten the curry (yet). va³
va e¹ sHi i¹Twi
i Twi to¹
to Waq hp Fc cpUTc Idp

made pHo³ e¹ Mdq hp

thrown away vi³kja³ WcqARaq

Drill 9:
I haven’t finished eating. va³
va e¹ tHµ´³
tHµ´ di³
di hito¹
hito Waq
Wa hp JRbq Ocq VcIdp

cooking (rice). pHo³ e¹di³ Mdq hp

Drill 10:
This curry is delicious. Twi je³
i¹Twi je To³ro³ cpUTc Rhq UdqQdq

sweet. sHµ³vi¹ FeqWcp

sour. sHje¹ FRhp

salty. sHµ³hE³ FeqVakq

bitter. kHE¹ Bakp

spicy. a¹ hja ap VRa

bland. a¹ hjato¹ ap VRaIdp

9.3 Lesson vocabulary

to cook pHo³ e¹ Mdq hp curry (vegetable dish) i¹Twi cpUTc

time sHµ´kHE³ FRbBakq chicken sHje³ zje¹ FRhq GRhp

must; should to³ Idq fish tE-³ IVakq

cooked wo³ Tdq pork tHja zje¹ JRa GRhp

to fry i¹Nu- cpDVg cooked rice di³ Ocq

to throw away vi³kja³ WcqARaq friend kHo³bçTjo BdqPiURd

to want TE Uak thirsty TE o³tHje³ Uak dqJRhq

to like (to eat) TE e¹ Uak hp hungry TE e¹di³ Uak hpOcq

not yet sHi to¹ Fc Idp

(colloq.)

9.4 Additional vocabulary

frying pan pç-¹tja-¹ LVipIVRap plate di³be³ OcqPhq

pot pç-¹ LVip spoon di³dZo- OcqXVd

bread kHçmu³ BiNgq cup be³du¹ PhqOgp

noodles di³t´ OcqIb knife di¹tHo OcpJd

beef pu- zje¹ LVg GRhp glass tHje³be³ JRhqPhq

UipXRaq
ßç¹dZja³
Lesson 10: Sickness

10.1 Dialogue

A. I don’t feel well. a¹ mo-¹rja va³ ne-to¹ ap NVdpQRa Waq KVhIdp

B. What is your problem? a me-¹krja nE-¹ pHute³ ap NVhpAQRa KVakp MgIhq ?

A. I have a fever. va³ tE-¹ku- o¹ Waq IVakA

p Vg dp

I think I have malaria. va³ ta¹ne-¹ na sHwita¹nja-³o¹ Waq IapKVhp Ka

FTcIapKVRaq dp
B. Have you been to the nE-¹ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´ KVakp XRb JRbqVi Ob
clinic? IVakF
p TcVcp VVakq ?
tE¹sHwihi¹ E-³

A. Not yet. va³ dZµ´ hito¹ Waq XRb VcIdp

I think I will go there va³ ta¹ne- na va³ to³ Waq IapKVhp Ka Waq Idq
now. XRb BdqHVa
dZµ´ kHo³¯a-

B. Can I take you? va³ dZµ´Tu³ nE-¹ a¹ni– E-³ Waq XRbUgq KVakp apKVc VVakq

A. Yes. a¹ma- apNVa

I need your help. Waq SdpPakp KVakp
va³ lo¹bE¹ nE-¹ tE-¹me-¹dZjo- IVakN
p VhpXVRd

10.2 Drills
Drill 1:
I think I have a fever. va³
va ta¹ne-
t ne-¹ na tE-¹ku- o¹ Waq IapKVhp Ka IVakA
p Vg dp

a cold. ta¹kHµ IapBe

malaria. sHwita¹nja-³ FTcIapKVRaq

Drill 2:
My stomach is sore/infected. sHE-³ va³
va hç Fakq Waq Vi

throat kja-³kro¹ AVRaqAQdp

eyes mE¹TE¹plç¹ NakU

p akL
p Sip

Drill 3:
I have been to the doctor. va³
va dZµ´ tHµ´³hç
tHµ´ hç d´ tE-¹kHu¹ Tara o¹
Waq XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakB
p gp UaQa dp
 to the clinic. va³
va dZµ´ tHµ´³hç
tHµ´ hç d´ tE-¹sHwihi¹

Waq XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakF

p TcVcp

Drill 4:
I have been to the doctor. va³
va dZµ´ tHµ´³hç
tHµ´ hç d´ tE-¹kHu¹ Tara o¹

Waq XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakB

p gp UaQa dp
I have not been to the doctor. va³
va dZµ´³
dZµ´ sHi d´ tE-¹kHu¹ Tara o¹ to¹
to

Waq XRb Fc Ob IVakB

p gp UaQa dp Idp

Drill 5:
Can I help? va³
va me-¹dZjo- a¹ni-
ni- E- Waq NVhpXVRd apKVc VVakq ?

help you? me-¹dZjo- nE-¹ NVhpXVRd KVakp

go with you? dZµ´ kµ-´³na nE-¹ XRb AVCbqKa KVakp

follow you? krwo-³ kµ-´³na nE-¹ AQTVdq AVCbqKa KVakp

Drill 6:
Yes (I can). a¹ni– apKVc

No ( I can’t). a¹ni–to¹ apKVcIdp

Drill 7:
I’m sick. va³
va sHwi Waq FTc

sad. TEplE-³ UpaL

k SVakq

happy. TEkrµ-³ UakAQVeq

good, well. o¹mo-¹ dpNVdp

angry. TEplç¹du¹ UakLSipOgp

tired. TEpra UakLQa

Drill 8
I have both a fever and headache. va³ tE-¹ku- o¹ tHµ´³
tHµ´ sHE³ kHu¹klç

Waq IVakA
p Vg dp JRbq Fakq BgpASi
I have neither a fever nor a headache. va³ tE-¹ku- o¹ pa³to
pa to¹
to kHu¹klç sHE³ pa³to
pa to¹
to to¹
to
 Waq IVakA
p Vg dp LaqIdp BgpASi Fakq LaqIdp Idp
I have either a fever or headache. va³ tE-¹ku- o¹ rç kHu¹klç sHE³ kµ-´³ dja¹
dja

Waq IVakA
p Vg dp Qi BgpASi Fakq AVCbq ORap

10.3 Lesson vocabulary

fever tE-¹ku- IVakA

p Vg malaria sHwita¹nja-³ FTcIapKVRaq

to think taπne-π IapKVhp disease; tE-¹sHwi IVakF

p Tc
sickness
to send; take Tu³ Ugq sore; infected sHE³ Fakq

nominalizer tE-¹ IVakp throat kja-³kro¹ AVRaqAQdp

to help me-¹dZjo- NVhpXVRd eyes mE¹TE¹plç¹ NakU

p akL
p Sip

to feel sick sHwi FTc clinic; hospital tE-¹sHwihi¹ IVakF

p TcVcp

how pHute³ MgIhq a cold ta¹kHµ IapBe

to be able; can a¹ni– apKVc stomach hç Vi

(abdomen)
to follow krwo-³ AQTVdq

10.4 Additional vocabulary

body ne- KVh stomach pHµ-´³ MVCbq

tuberculosis tHi¹bi¹ JcpPcp head kHu¹klç BgpASi

flu TE ç Uak i nose kHa³pHµ-´³ BaqMVCbq

diarrhea sHE³hçlo-¹ FakV

q iSVdp neck kja-³bo³ AVRaqPdq

to vomit prja LQRa arm ta¹kja-³ IapAVRaq

to sneeze ka¹sHja AapFRa hand ta¹kHu¹ IapBgp

to cough ta¹kHµ IapBe leg (upper) kHja¹kje¹ BRapARhp

hair kHu¹lµ-´¹ BgpSVCbp leg (lower) kHja¹dµ-´¹plç¹ BRapOVCbpLSip

dizziness tHa¹kHu¹klç JapBgpASi mouth kHa³u¹ Baqgp

Lesson 11: Weaving

11.1 Dialogue

A. What are you doing? nE-¹ me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IcqIhq ?

B. I am weaving cloth. va³ bçtHE Waq PiJak

A. How long have you been nE-¹ bçtHE ¯e-³la³hç E-³ KVakp PiJak HVhqSaqVi
weaving cloth? VVakq ?
B. I have been weaving since I was va³ dZatHja¹ bç d´ va³ Waq XaJRap Pi Ob Waq L
young. apXVak Laq KRbp
pa¹dZE- pa³ nµ´¹

A. Who taught you to weave? u³pe³ heTjo bç nE-¹ E-³ gqLhq VhURd Pi KVakp
VVakq ?
B. My mother. va³ mµ-´ Waq NVCb

A. Do you weave often? nE-¹ bç ta¹mo³ tHE E-³ KVakp Pi IapNdq Jak VVak?q

B. I weave every day. va³ bç pwo-³ ¯e³ Waq Pi LTVdq Hhq

Then I sell the cloth. tHµ´³rç va³ i¹sHE³ bE¹u³ JRbqQi Waq cpFakq Pakg
p q
KRbp LQak
nµ´¹ prE

11.2 Drills
Drill 1:
How long nE-¹ bçtHE ¯e-³la³hç
la hç E-³ KVakp PiJak HVhqSaqVi VVakq ?
have you been weaving?
sewing i¹sHE hje¹dZa-¹ cpFak VRhpXVap
(clothing)?

Drill 2:
I have been va³
va bçtHE o¹
o hç nje³ lE³ Waq PiJak dp Vi KRhq Sakq
weaving two months.
two weeks. nje³ klE KRhq ASak

two years. nje³ na¹ KRhq Kap

two days. nje³ ¯e³ KRhq Hhq

two hours. nje³ mµ³ KRhq Neq

Drill 3:
Do you weave often? nE-¹ bç ta¹mo
ta mo³
mo tHE E-³ KVakp Pi IapNdq
d Jak VVakq ?

sell your cloth i¹sHE³ ta¹mo

ta mo³
mo bE³u³ E-³ cpFakq IapNdq
d Pakg
q q VVakq ?

dye the cloth me-¹ ta¹mo

ta mo³
mo nE-¹ bE³u³ a¹l NVhp IapNdqd KVakp Pakg
q q apS
ap VVakq ?
a¹ E-³

Drill 4:
I weave every day. va³
va bçtHE pwo- ¯e³ Waq PiJak LTVd Hhq

week. pwo- klE LTVd ASak

Drill 5:
I weave, then I rest. va³
va bçtHE tHµ´³rç
tHµ´ rç va³
va o¹kµ-
o kµ-´ Waq PiJak JRbqQi Waq dpAVCb

eat e¹di³ hpOcq

walk dZµ´klja XRbASRa

Drill 6:
I weave often. va³ bç ta¹mo³ tHE Waq Pi IapNdq Jak

I never weave. va³ bçtHE t´¹pHµ-´to¹ Waq PiJak IbpMVCbIdp

I seldom weave. va³ bçtHE ¯e-t´¹pHµ-´ Waq PiJak HVhIbpMVCb

Drill 7:
She weaves slowly. a¹ bç zç³ la³ tHE ap Pi Giq Saq Jak

quickly. prja³ la³ LQRaq Saq

11.3 Lesson vocabulary

to weave bç / bçtHE Pi / PiJak to sew i¹sHE cpFak

long time ¯e-³la³hç HVhqSaqVi to dye me-¹ a¹la¹ NVhp apSap

already
to start dZatHja¹ XaJRap cloth bE¹u³ Pakg
p q

childhood; pa¹dZjE LapXRak hour mµ³ Neq

youth
to teach heTjo VhURd to walk dZµ´klja XRbASRa

often ta¹mo³ IapNdq to rest o¹kµ-´ dpAVCb

every pwo-³ LTVdq slow zç³ Giq

then; after tHµ´³rç JRbqQi quick; fast prja³ LQRaq

never t´¹pHµ-´to¹ IbpMVCbIdp very; quite la³ Saq

seldom ¯e-t´¹pHµ-´ HVhIbpMVCb

11.4 Additional vocabulary

large loom tHEkrµ-¹ JakAQVep shoulder bag pje-³ LVRhq

loom tHEkrç-³ JakAQViq everyone pwo-³t´¹prE-¹ LTVdqIbpLQVakp

needle tHE Jak everywhere pwo-³t´¹pHo¹ LTVdqIbpMdp

safety pin tHEka- JakAVa clothing hje¹dZa-¹ VRhpXVap

pin tHEki–³ JakAVcq

Lesson 12: Clothing

12.1 Dialogue

A. I’d like to see that shirt. va³ TEzµ- mja dZa-¹ d´ nµ´¹ Waq UakGVe NRa XVap Ob
KRbp IbpLVep
t´¹pµ-¹

B. Which one? bite³ t´¹pµ-¹ te³ PcIhq IbpLVep Ihq ?

A. That red one there. d´ a¹ li–¹ nµ´¹ t´¹pµ-¹ Ob ap SVcp KRbp IbpLVep

Maybe it’s too small bE¹ta¹bE¹ a¹pa¹ti sHilµ³ PakI

p apPakp apLapIc FcSeq

B. This white shirt is a¹ bu³ je³t´¹pµ-¹ a¹du¹ l´ ap Pgq RhqIbpLVep apOgp Sb

bigger.
A. Do you think it is big nE-¹ ta¹ne-¹ na a¹du¹ KVakp IapKVhp Ka apOgp Idq
enough? FaSVh VVakq ?
to³ sHale- E-³

B. It is the biggest shirt we je³ma³ a¹du¹l´ lç-pli³ RhqNap apOgpSb LQak Vi

have.
A. How much is the white dZa-¹ bu³ nµ´¹ a¹Nu-¹ bate³ XVap Pgq KRbp apDVgp PaIhq
shirt? ?
B. The white shirt is more dZa-¹bu³ je³ a¹Nu-¹ du¹l´ na XVap Pgq Rhq apDVgp OgpSb
expensive than the red Ka apSVcp KRbp
one. a¹li–¹ nµ´¹

12.2 Drills
Drill 1:
What colour is this? je³ma¹ a¹la¹ ti³te³ RhqNap apSap IcqIhq ?

Drill 2:
That shirt is white. dZa-¹ nµ´¹
nµ´ a¹
a bu³ XVap KRbp ap Pgq

red. li–¹ SVcp

Drill 3:
These hje¹dZa-
hje dZa-¹ je³ta
je ta¹he
ta he¹
he a¹mwo-³pli³ VRhpXVap RhIapVhp apNTVdqLScq
clothes are clean.
dirty. a¹ta¹pro apIapLQd

wet. a¹dZo¹ apXdp

dry. a¹kra³ apAQaq

Drill 4:
That shirt is large. dZa-¹ nµ´¹
nµ´ a¹du¹ XVap KRbp apOgp

attractive. a¹two- apITVd

expensive. a¹Nu-¹du¹ apDVgpOgp

small. a¹pa¹ti apLapIc

Drill 5:
This shirt is the largest. dZa-¹ je³
je ma¹
ma a¹du¹ l´ XVapRhq Nap apOgp Sb

smallest. a¹pa¹ti apLapIc

Drill 6:
This sarong is hje¹
hje je³
je a¹mumja ¯a¹dZç
¯a dZç VRhp Rhq apNgNRa HapXi
very ugly.
good. a¹rja apQRa

inexpensive. a¹Nu-¹kç¹ apDVgpAip

Drill 7:
This shirt is larger than that one. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du
du¹
du l´ klç³
klç na nµ´¹ t´¹ pµ-¹

XVapRhq apOgp Sb ASiq Ka KRbp IbpLVep

This shirt is not as large as that one. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du
du¹
du krµ-¹ na¹ nµ´¹t´¹ pµ-¹ to¹
to

XVapRhq apOgp AQVep Ka KRbp IbpLVep Idp

Id

Drill 8:
This shirt is large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ XVap Rhq apOgp

This shirt is rather large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ sHale- XVap Rhq apOgp FaSVh

This shirt is very large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ ¯a¹dZç XVap Rhq apOgp HapXi

This shirt is the largest. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ l´ XVap Rhq apOgp Sb

This shirt is too large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ sHilµ³ XVap Rhq apOgp FcSeq

This shirt is not large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ to¹ XVap Rhq apOgp Idp
This shirt is not at all large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ ta¹kito¹ XVap Rhq apOgp IapAcIdp

12.3 Lesson vocabulary

shirt dZa-¹ XVap inexpensive a¹Nu-¹kç¹ apDVgpAip

red li–¹ SVcp expensive a¹Nu-¹du¹ apDVgpOgp

white bu³ Pgq good a¹rja apQRa

clsf. clothing pµ-¹ LVep dry a¹kra³ apAQaq

most, best l´ Sb wet a¹dZo¹ apXdp

rather sHale- FaSVh dirty a¹ta¹pro apIapLQd

colour a¹la¹ apSap clean a¹mwo-³pli³ apNTVdqLScq

these jeta¹he RhIapVh attractive a¹two- apITVd

price a¹Nu-¹ apDVgp ugly a¹mumja apNgNRa

maybe bE¹ta¹bE¹ PakI

p apPakp small a¹pa¹ti apLapIc

equal with krµ-¹ AQVep large a¹du¹ apOgp

12.4 Additional vocabulary

brown ç i pants hje¹kHja¹ VRhpBRap

green/blue Tµ´³ URbq man’s sarong hje¹ta¹va-¹ VRhpIapWVap

purple Tµ´³çrµ-´ URbqiQVCb women’s sarong hje¹prE-¹mç¹ VRhp LQVakN

p ip

orange çbja³ iPRaq skirt hje¹ta¹va-¹ tµ-³ VRhpIapWVap IVeq

pink bja³li–¹ PRaqSVcp shoes kHja¹dja ta¹p BRapORa IapLSd

lo

grey ta¹pHE¹ IapMakp hat kHu¹klwo-³ BgpASTVdq

yellow bja³ PRaq to wear (on top) Tja URa

black lç-¹ SVip to wear (lower kµ³ Aeq

garments)
Lesson 13: Tending animals

13.1 Dialogue

A. Where are you going? nE-¹ dZµ´ bite³ KVakp XRb PcIhq ?

B. I am going to feed the pigs. va³ dZµ´ bµ-´¹ e¹ tHja Waq XRb PVCbp hp
JRa Fakp
sHE¹

A. How many pigs do you have? nE-¹ tHja o¹ ba dµ-´³ te³ KVakp JRa dp Pa
OVCbq Ihq ?
B. I have four pigs. va³ tHja o¹ lwi–³ dµ-´³ Waq JRa dp STVcq
OVCbq
They are in that pen. a¹ o¹ d´ a¹ po-¹ ku³ nµ´¹ ap dp Ob ap LVdp Agq
KRbp
A. What other animals do you nE¹ tE-¹pHu tE-¹lje-¹ o¹ KVakp IVakM
p gIVakS
p VRhp
have? dp AQRa IcqIhq ?
krja ti³te³

B. I also have chickens and ducks. va³ sHje³ na ta¹ßa Waq FRhq Ka IapUa dp
AVCbq Laq
o¹kµ-´³ pa³

It is hot, so they are under the ke-ku- ¯a¹dZç pHunµ´¹rç AVhAVg HapXi
house. MgKRbpQi FRhq Ka
sHje³ na ta¹ßa o¹ d´ IapUa dp Ob Vcp SVakq
hi¹ lE-³

13.2 Drills
Drill 1:
How many pigs do you have? nE-¹ tHja o¹ ba dµ-´³ te³
te KVakp JRa dp Pa OVCbq Ihq ?

cows pu- LVg

Drill 2:
How many chickens do you have? nE-¹ sHje³ o¹ ba bE¹
bE te³
te KVakp FRhq dp Pa Pakp Ihq ?

ducks ta¹ßa IapUa

Drill 3:
How many houses do you have? nE-¹ hi¹ o¹ ba me³ te³
te KVakp Vcp dp Pa Nhq Ihq ?

books li¹u¹ o¹ ba u te³

te Scpgp dp Pa g Ihq
 children pHu o¹ ba prE-¹ te³
te Mg dp Pa LQVakp Ihq

Drill 4:
I have four chickens. va³
va sHje³ o¹
o lwi–³ bE¹ Waq FRhq dp STVcq Pakp

pigs. tHja o¹ lwi–³ dµ-´³ JRa dp STVcq OVCbq

houses. yi¹ o¹ lwi–³ me³ Vcp dp STVcq Nhq

children. pHu o¹ lwi–³ prE-¹ Mg dp STVcq LQVakp

Drill 5:
The chicken is in the house. sHje³
sHje o¹
o d´ hi¹
hi ku³ FRhq dp Ob Vcp Agq

under lE-³ SVakq

on kHu¹ Bgp

in front of ¯e³ Hhq

behind kHje³ BRhq

beside kHa³sHje BaqFRh

Drill 6:
The pigs are in the pen. tHja o¹
o d´ a¹ po-¹ ku³ JRa dp Ob ap LVdp Agq

in the field. lja- kHu¹ SVRa Bgp

over there. nµ´¹ t´¹kje³ KRbp IbpARhq

here. bije³ PcRhq

Drill 7:
Three pu- Tµ´³
Tµ´ dµ-´³ o¹
o LVg URbq OVCbq
cows are in the field. dp Ob SVRa Bgp
d´ lja- kHu¹

on the road. kljadu¹ ku³ ASRaOgp Agq

over there. nµ´¹ KRbp

Drill 8:
It is hot, and so the chickens are
under the house. ke-ku- ¯a¹dZç
¯a dZç pHunµ´¹rç
pHunµ´ rç sHje³ o¹ d´ hi¹ lE-³

AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi FRhq dp Ob Vcp SVakq

the pigs drink lots of water. ke-ku- ¯a¹dZç
¯a dZç pHunµ´¹rç
pHunµ´ rç tHja o¹tHja³ lç-³ E la³

AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi JRa dpJRhq SViq ako Saq

13.3 Lesson vocabulary

pig tHja JRa clsf - animals dµ-´³ OVCbq

with 4 legs
duck ta¹ßa IapUa clsf - birds bE¹ Pakp

food sHE¹ Fakp clsf - houses me³ Nhq

which krja ti³te³ AQRa IcqIhq clsf - books u g

in ku³ Agq clsf - people prE-¹ LQVakp

under lE-³ SVakq to feed bµ-´¹e¹ PVCbphp

(animals)
in front of ¯e³ Hhq animals tE-¹pHu IVakM
p g-
IVakS
p VRhp
tE-¹lje-¹

behind kHje³ BRhq pigpen tHja po-¹ JRa LVdp

beside kHa³sHje BaqFRh field lja- SVRa

on kHu¹ Bgp cow pu- LVg

therefore; and so pHunµ´¹rç MgKRbpQi chicken sHje³ FRhq

13.4 Additional vocabulary

hen sHje³mµ-´ FRhqNVCb water buffalo pa¹nE- LapKVak

rooster sHje³pHE³ FRhqMakq horse ta¹Ti IapUc

chick sHje³pHu FRhqMg dog tHwi¹ JTcp

cat tHjo JRd goat pe- LVh

Lesson 14: Planting a garden

14.1 Dialogue

A. What are you planting? nE-¹ i¹lµ-´ ti³te³ KVakp cpSVCb IcqIhq ?

B. I am planting beans. va³ i¹lµ-´ kçbi³ Waq cpSVCb AiPcq

A. Is this your garden? je³ ma¹ nE-¹ ta¹rE- E-³ Rhq Nap KVakp IapQVak
VVakq ?
B. Yes, it’s mine. a¹ma- ma¹ va³ tE³ apNVa Nap Waq Iakq

A. When will you pick the beans? ne-¹ i¹ba¹ kçbi³ bikHE³ KVakp cpPap AiPcq PcBakq
Laq Ihq ?
pa³ te³

B. If the rains are good, they will ki¹ ke-dZµ-¹ rja ma¹ nje³ Acp AVhXVep QRa Nap
be ready in two months. KRhq Sakq apAgq Pap hp
lE³ a¹ku³ ba¹ e¹ ni– hç KVc Vi
A. Will you eat them or sell them? nE-¹ e¹ pa³ E-³ ki¹ ma-to¹ KVakp hp Laq VVakq Acp
NVaIdp Nap KVakp cpFakq
ma¹ nE-¹ i¹sHE³ pa³ E-³ Laq VVakq ?
B. Some we will eat. Most we will pE-¹ e¹ ta¹he¹ LVakp hp IapVhp
sell. LVakp cpFakq akSb Laq
pE-¹ i¹sHE³ El´ pa³

14.2 Drills
Drill 1:
I am planting vegetables. va³
va i¹lµ-
i lµ-´ Twi dç³bja³lE¹ Waq cpSVCb UTc OiqPRaqSakp

corn. kHu¹kHeTE¹ BgpBhUakp

onions. pu³holi–¹ LgqVdSVcp

Drill 2:
Is this yours? je³ma
je ma¹
ma nE-¹ tE³
tE E-³ RhqNap KVakp Iakq VVakq ?

mine? va³ Waq

theirs? E¹Ti³ akU

p cq

Is that his/hers? nµ´¹ma

nµ´ ma¹
ma a¹ tE³
tE E-³ KRbpNap ap Iakq VVakq ?

ours? pE-¹ LVakp

Drill 3:
This is mine. je³ma
je ma¹
ma va³ tE³
tE RhqNap
a Waq Iakq

yours. nE-¹ KVakp

his/hers. a¹ ap

theirs. E¹Ti³ akU

p cq

Drill 4:
It’s not mine. va³ tE³
tE ma-to¹
o Waq Iakq NVaIdp

yours. nE-¹ KVakp

his/hers. a¹ ap

Drill 5:
If the rain stops, I will go. ki¹
ki ke-dZµ-¹ o¹kµ-´ rç va³
va dZµ´ pa-
pa-³
Acp
Ac AVhXVep dpAVCb Qi Waq XRb LVaq
If my friend goes va³ kHo³bçTjo ki¹
ki dZµ´ rç va
va³ dZµ´ pa-
pa-³
Waq BdqPiURd Acp
Ac XRb Qi Waq XRb LVaq
If I have money va³ rµ³ ki¹
ki o¹ rç va³
va dZµ´ pa-
pa-³

Waq Qeq Acp dp Qi Waq XRb Laq

Drill 6:
Will you eat them or sell them? nE-¹ e¹ pa-³ E-³ ki¹
ki ma-to¹
o ma¹
ma nE-¹ i¹sHE³ pa-³ E-³

KVakp hp LVaq VVakq Acp NVaIdp Nap KVakp cpFakq LVaq VVakq ?
Will you plant corn or beans? nE-¹ i¹lµ-´ kHu¹kHe E-³ ki¹
ki ma-to¹
o ma¹
ma kçbi³ E-³

KVakp cpSVCb BgpBh VVakq Acp NVaIdp Nap AiPcq VVakq ?

Will you take yours or mine? nE-¹ pHje nE-¹ tE³ pa-³ E-³ ki¹
ki ma-to¹
o ma¹
ma va³ tE³ E-³

KVakp MRh KVakp Iakq LVaq VVakq Acp NVaIdp Nap Waq Iakq VVakq ?
Drill 7:
Will you plant today or not? nE-¹ i¹lµ-´ je³t´¹¯e³ pa-³ E-³ ma¹
ma to¹
to E-³

KVakp cpSVCb RhqIbpHhq LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?

Will you sell your
vegetables nE-¹ i¹sHE³ nE-¹ i¹Twi dç³bja³lE¹ pa-³ E-³ ma¹
ma to¹
to E-³

KVakp cpFakq KVakp cpUTc OiqPRaqSakp LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?
Will you harvest
today nE-¹ i¹ba¹ je³t´¹¯e³ pa-³ E-³ ma¹
ma to¹
to E-³

KVakp cpPap RhqIbpHhq LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?

14.3 Lesson vocabulary

to plant seeds i¹lµ-´ cpSVCb vegetables Twi dç³bja³lE¹ UTc OiqPRaqSakp

to pick (harvest) i¹ba¹ cpPap beans kç¹bi³ AipPcq

vegetables
if ki¹ Acp corn kHu¹kHeTE¹ BgpBhUakp

to stop; rest o¹kµ-´ dpAVCb onions pu³holi–¹ LgqVdSVcp

some ta¹he¹ IapVhp money rµ³ Qeq

more; most El´ akSb garden ta¹rE- IapQVak

14.4 Additional vocabulary

to plant i¹sHç i¹plµ³ cpFi cpLSeq garlic pu³hobu³ LgqVdPgq

seedlings
cucumber dje³TE¹ ORhqUakp eggplant kja-TE¹ AVRaUakp

bamboo i¹bja¹ cpPRap shovel ta¹ne¹ le-kµ-´¹ IapKhp SVhAV

shoots Cbp
mushrooms krµ-¹ AQVep plough tHa Ja

tomato kja-sHje¹TE¹ AVRaFRhpUakp field rake i¹kHwi cpBTc

cabbage ta¹plE¹bo¹ IapLSakP

p dp sickle ta¹dZe³ IapXhq

pumpkin lµ-he³TE¹ SVeVhqUakp hoe ta¹ne¹ IapKhp

hot peppers TE¹hja UakV

p Ra spade ta¹pµ-³ IapLVeq
sweet potatoes krµ´¹sHµ³ AQRbpFeq
Lesson 15: Fishing

15.1 Dialogue

A. I hear that you are going va³ ni-hµ´³ na nE-¹ dZµ´ Waq KVcVCbq Ka KVakp XRb
fishing. PchpIVakq
bie¹tE-³

B. Yes. a¹ma- apNVa

Do you want to come? KVakp UakGVe VRaqAVCbq
nE-¹ TEzµ- hja³kµ-´³ E-³ VVakq ?
A. When will you go? nE-¹ dZµ´ bikHE³ pa-³ te³ KVakp XRb PcBakq LVaq Ihq ?

B. Next Monday. sHje a¹no¹ pa-³ t´¹klE mç- FRh apKdp LVaq IbpASak
NViIbpHhq
t´¹¯e³
Do you have a pole? KVakp PcFhq dp VVakq ?
nE-¹ bisHe³ o¹ E-³

A. No. to¹ Idp

I don’t. Waq Iakq dp Idp
va³ tE³ o¹ to¹

B. I doesn’t matter. a¹le- heo¹to¹ apSVh VhdpIdp

You can use mine. KVakp Kiqhp Waq Iakq apKVc
nE-¹ nç³e¹ va³ tE³ a¹ni–
I will use my father’s instead.
Waq Kiqhp Oep Waq Makq Iakq
va³ nç³e¹ dµ¹ LVaq
va³ pHE³ tE³ pa-³

15.2 Drills
Drill 1:
When will it happen? a¹ tHwo-³tHja¹ bikHE³te³ ap JTVdqJRap PcBakI
q hq ?

Drill 2:
It will a¹ tHwo-³tHja¹
tHja sHjepa¹ro³ ap JTVdqJRap FRhLapQdq
happen tomorrow.
next week. sHje a¹no¹ t´¹klE FRh apKdp IbpASak

next month. sHje a¹no¹ t´¹lE³ FRh apKdp IbpSakq

next year. sHje a¹no¹ t´¹na¹ FRh apKdp IbpKap

next Monday. sHje a¹no¹ mç-t´¹¯e³ FRh apKdp NViIbpHhq

Drill 3:
We will go pE¹
pE dZµ´ LVakp XRb
fishing this (early) afternoon. PchpIVakq NViATVc LVaq
bie tE-³ mç-kwi–
bie¹t pa-
pa-³

this (late) afternoon. mç-he NViVh

tonight. je³ t´¹TE³ RhqIbpUakq

this evening. mç-kHi NViBc

tomorrow. sHje pa¹ro³ FRh LapQdq

tomorrow morning. pa¹ro³ mç-li³ LapQdq NViScq

Drill 4:
We will leave at 4:00 p.m. pE-¹ dZµ´ bi lwi–¹ mµ³ pa-³ LVakp XRb Pc STVcp Neq
pa- LVaq

at 7:00 p.m. nwo mµ³ KTd Neq

at 10:30 a.m. sHje mµ³ FRh Neq

IapASaqNhq
ta¹kla³me³

Drill 5:
I think that you are going va³ ta¹ne-¹ na nE-¹ dZµ´ bi Waq IapKVhp Ka KVakp XRb Pc
fishing. hpIVakq
e¹tE-
tE-³

I hear that va³ ni–hµ´³ na Waq KVcVCbq Ka

I know that va³ TE¯e³ na Waq UakHhq Ka

Drill 6:
We think about going pE-¹ ta¹ne-¹ bE¹kjana
bE kjana bie¹tE-
bie tE-³ LVakp IapKVhp PapA
k RaKa PchpIVakq
fishing.
talk hebE VhPak

hear ni–hµ´³ KVcVCbq

Drill 7:
You can use mine. nE-¹ nç³e¹ va³
va tE³
tE a¹ni–
a ni– KVakp Kiqhp Waq Iakq apKVc

see mja NRa

have pHje MRh

15.3 Lesson vocabulary

to come along hja³kµ-´³ VRaqAVCbq to fish (with a bie¹tE-³ PchpIVakq

pole)
next; later; in sHje a¹no¹ FRh apKdp fishing pole bisHe³ PcFhq
the future
never mind; no a¹le-heo¹to¹ apSVhVhdpIdp Monday mç-t´¹¯e³ NViIbpHhq
problem
to use nç³e¹ Kiqhp (early) mç-kwi– NViATVc
afternoon
alone; self dµ¹ Oep (late) afternoon mç-he NViVh

to happen; tHwo-³tHja¹ JTVdqJRap tonight je³t´¹TE³ RhqIbpUakq

occur; become
about; bE¹kjana PapA
k RaKa half ta¹kla³me³ IapASaqNhq
concerning

15.4 Additional vocabulary

Tuesday mç-nje³¯e³ NViKRhqHhq fish hook i¹bi cpPc

Wednesday mç-Tµ´³¯e³ NViURbqHhq catfish tE-³ku¹ IVakA

q gp

Thursday mç-lwi–³¯e³ NViSTVcqHhq eel tE-³ru- IVakQ

q Vg

Friday mç-¯a-³¯e³ NViHVaqHhq crab sHwo¹ FTdp

Saturday mç-ka¹tç-¹ NViAapIVip shrimp sHwo¹ko- FTdpAVd

Sunday mç-¯e³dµ-´¹ NViHhqOVCbp fishnet ta¹vi–³ IapWVcq

a fish tE-³ IVakq fishnet ßa¹ta¹pre³ UapIapLQhq

Lesson 16: Hunting

16.1 Dialogue
A. Where are you going? nE-¹ dZµ´ bite³ KVakp XRb PcIhq ?

B. I’m going hunting. va³ dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE-¹mi–¹ Waq XRb SVep IVakN
p Vcp

A. What do you use to hunt? nE-¹ dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE-¹mi–¹ na KVakp XRb SVep IVakN
p Vcp Ka
IcqIhq ?
ti³te³

B. I use a slingshot or a gun. va³ nç³e¹ pHjadZç- to¹ m Waq Kiqhp MRaXVi Idp Nap
Ka FcHVap
a¹ na sHi¯a-¹

Today I have my gun because je³t´¹¯e³ va³ dZµ´ ni– RhqIbpHhq Waq XRb KVc
I am hunting for deer. FcHVap, NVhIhqVhQi Waq
sHi¯a-¹ me-te³herç va³ Bakhp Ka IapBRhq LVaq
kHE e¹ na ta¹kHje³ pa-³

A. Do you ever use a trap? nE-¹ nç³e¹ nç ta¹dZja³ E-³ KVakp Kiqhp Ki IapXRaq VVakq ?

B. Yes. a¹ma- apNVa

In the hot season a trap catches
bi ke-ku-kHE³ sHjae¹
many small animals.
ta¹dZja³ rç a¹ ni–rja
¯a¹dZç zµ-´tHu¹pHu
Pc AVhAVgBakq FRahp
IapXRaq Qi ap KVcQRa
HapXi GVCbJgpMg

16.2 Drills
Drill 1:
He will not go
hunting because it is raining. a¹ dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE-¹mi–¹ to¹
to me-¹te³h
te herç ke-dZµ-¹

ap XRb SVep IVakN

p Vcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi AVhXVep
he is not well. a¹ dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE-¹mi–¹ to¹
to me-¹te³herç
te herç o¹ mo-¹ to¹
ap XRb SVep IVakN
p Vcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi dp NVdp Idp
he is busy. a¹ dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE-¹mi–¹ to¹
to me-¹te³herç
te herç a¹ tE-¹me-¹ o¹ E

ap XRb SVep IVakN

p Vcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap IVakN
p Vhp dp ako

Drill 2:
Do you ever use a gun? nE-¹ nç³e¹ nç sHi¯a-¹ E-³

KVakp Kiqhp Ki FcHVap VVakq ?

 hunt (go in the jungle) alone? nE-¹ dZµ´le³ tµdµ¹ nç d´ mi–¹klE³ E-³

KVakp XRbShq IeOep Ki Ob NVcpASakq VVakq ?

Drill 3:
Have you ever seen a wild elephant? nE-¹ mjatHje¹ nç ta¹sHa³mi–¹ E-³

KVakp NRaJRhp Ki IapFRaqNVcp VVak

VVaq ?
killed a tiger? nE-¹ me-¹Tje³ nç pHµ-´³kHi³ E-³

KVakp NVhpURhq Ki MVCbqBcq VVakq ?

eaten bear’s meat? nE-¹ e¹ nç tHe³zje¹ E-³

KVakp hp Ki JhqGRhp VVak

VVaq ?

Drill 4:
I have never seen a tiger. va³ mjatHje¹ nç pHµ-´³kHi ta¹pHµ-
ta pHµ-´ to¹
to

Waq NRaJVhp Ki MVCbqBcq IapMVCb Idp

used a gun. va³ nç³e¹ nç sHi¯a-¹ ta¹pHµ-
ta pHµ-´ to¹
to

Waq Kiqhp Ki FcHVap IapMVCb Idp

16.3 Lesson vocabulary

to hunt lµ-¹- tE-¹ mi–¹ SVep IVakN

p Vcp slingshot pHjadZç- MRaXVi

to be busy tE-¹me-¹ o¹ E IVakN

p Vhp dp ako gun sHi¯a-¹ FcHVap

to get; bring ni– KVc small animals zµ-´tHu¹pHu GVCbJgpMg

(birds, rodents)
because me-¹te³herç NVhpIhqVhQi noose trap ta¹dZja³ IapXRaq

hot season ke-ku-kHE³ AVhAVgBakq to trap sHa-e¹ FVahp

to shoot kHE Bak elephant ta¹sHja³ IapFRaq

meat ze-¹ GVhp wild elephant ta¹sHja³ mi–¹ IapFRaq NVcp

to kill me-¹Tje³ NVhpURhq tiger pHµ-´³kHi³ MVCbqBcq

to catch ni–rja KVcQRa yellow deer ta¹kHje³ IapBRhq

alone tµdµ¹ IeOep bear tHe³ Jhq

ever nç Ki

16.4 Additional vocabulary

longbow klje¹ ASRhp frog di¹ Ocp

arrow klje¹plE- ASRhpLSVak rabbit da³TE¹ OaqUakp

deer (large, with krç AQi snake ru- QVg

antlers)
wild pig tHjami–¹ JRaNVcp bat plE LSak

mouse zµ-´ GVCb bird tHu¹ Jgp

mousedeer zµ-´kro GVCbAQd pheasant tHu¹ ra- Jgp QVa

elephant ta¹sHja³ IapFRaq snipe tHu¹ prµ¹ Jgp LQep

monkey zç-³ GViq fowl sHje³ mi–¹ FRhq NVcp

squirrel zµ-´lje¹ GVCbSRhp

Lesson 17: Building a house

17.1 Dialogue

A. What is happening over there? d´ nµ´¹ ma¹ a¹ me-¹ ti³te³ Ob KRbp Nap ap NVhp
IcqIhq ?
B. They are building a new house. E¹Ti³ sHçtHja¹ hi¹TE³ akU
p cq FiJRap VcpUakq

The men of the village work prE-¹kHu³ du¹ d´ zç³ ku³ LQVakB
p gq Ogp Ob Oiq
together to build new houses. Agq IapVhp FiJRap Fep
ta¹he¹ sHçtHja¹ sHµ¹lu³ Sgq VcpUakq
hi¹TE³

A. How long does it take to build a me-¹ hi¹ t´¹me³ ma¹ a¹ ¯e-³ NVhp Vcp IbpNhq Nap ap
new house? HVhq PaIhq ?
bate³

B. Not long. a¹¯e-³ na to¹ apHVhq Ka Idp URbq Hhq

About three days.
Nap apJRbq LQak
Tµ´³ ¯e³ ma¹ a¹tHµ´³ prE

A. Whose house is this? hi¹ je³ t´¹me³ ma¹ u³ tE³ Vcp Rhq IbpNhq Nap gq
Iakq Lhq ?
pe³

B. It is for a couple who will marry prE-¹ k´ri– kHo³mE-³ ta¹he¹ LQVakp AbQVc BdqNVakq
soon. IapVhp apHhq
a¹¯e³

A Can I help? va³ me-¹dZjo- a¹ni– E-³ Waq NVhpXVRd apKVc

VVakq ?
B. Do you know how to put thatch nE-¹ TE¯e³ tE-³tHja¹ ta¹hje KVakp UakHhq IVakJ
q Rap
on a roof? IapVRhq Ob VcpBgp MgI
³ d´ hi¹kHu¹ pHute³ E-³ hq VVakq ?
A. No. to¹ Idp

B. Maybe it is better for you to kHo³¯a- nE-¹ o¹pç-mja ma¹ a¹ BdqHVa KVakp dpLVi-
watch for now. NRa Nap apQRaSb
rjal´ prE ko³le¹ LQak AdqShp

17.2 Drills
Drill 1:
How long does
it take to build a house? sHçtHja¹ hi¹ t´¹me³ ma¹ a¹
a ¯e-³ bate³
bate

FiJRap Vcp IbpNhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhq

put on a roof? tE-³tHja¹ hi¹kHu¹ ma¹
ma a¹
a ¯e-³ bate³
bate

IVakJ
q Rap VcpBgp Nap ap HVhq PaIhq
Drill 2:
About four days. lwi–³ ¯e³ ko³le
ko le STVcq Hhq AdqSh

100 baht. t´¹dZwE- ba¹ IbpXTVak Pap

Exactly four days. lwi–³ ¯e³ t´¹

t´ plµ STVcq Hhq Ibp LSe

100 baht. t´¹dZwE- ba¹ IbpXTVak Pap

Over four days. lwi–³ ¯e³ l´ STVcq Hhq Sb

100 baht. t´¹dZwE- ba¹ IbpXTVak Pap

Almost four days. pHµ¹

pHµ lwi–³ ¯e³ Mep STVcq Hhq

100 baht. t´¹dZwE- ba¹ IbpXTVak Pap

Drill 3:
They will soon. E¹Ti³ k´ri– kHo³mE³ pa-³ akU
p cq AbQVc BdqNakq LVaq
marry
He will build a¹ k´ri– sHçtHja¹ hi¹ pa-³ ap AbQVc FiJRap Vcp LVaq
the house
I will visit va³ k´ri– dZµ´ o¹le³ pa-³ Waq AbQVc XRb dpShq LVaq

Drill 4:
I will finish later. va³ me-¹tHµ´³ no¹pa
no pa-
pa-³ Waq NVhpJRbq KdpLVaq

He will help us a¹ me-¹dZjo- pE-¹ ap NVhpXVRd LVakp

They will visit E¹Ti³ dZµ´ o¹le³ akU

p cq XRb dpShq

Drill 5:
This house is for them. hi¹
hi je³
je ETi³ ¯e³
¯e Vcp Rhq akUcq Hhq

for you. sE-¹ KVakp

for us. pE-¹ LVakp

17.3 Lesson vocabulary

to build sHçtHja¹ FiJRap roof hi¹kHu¹ VcpBgp

new TE³ ; a¹TE³ Uakq ; apUakq thatch ta¹hje³ IapVRhq

man prE-¹kHu³ LQVakB

p gq to thatch a roof tE-³tHja¹ IVakJ
q Rap

clsf. house - one t´¹me³ IbpNhq to finish tHµ´³ JRbq

house
to watch; o¹pç-mja dpLViNRa it is better a¹rjal´ apQRaSb
observe
about; maybe ko³le¹ AdqShp soon k´ri– AbQVc

exactly ta¹plµ IapLSe later no¹pa-³ KdpLVaq

almost; close; pHµ¹ Mep for ¯e³ Hhq

near
over (more than) l´ Sb

17.4 Additional vocabulary

door ka¹da³mµ-´ AapOaqNVCb hand saw lwa pa¹ti STa LapIc

window ka¹da³pHu AapOaqMg nail li–¹pa¹na¹ SVcpLapKap

stairs ka¹bo³Tu³ AapPdqUgq hammer i¹pç-¹ cpLVip

bamboo floor two-¹kHu¹ ITVdpBgp large knife hidµ¹du¹ VcOepOgp

leaf thatch lE¹ Sakp hand plane le-tHµTje¹ SVhJeURhp

drill tHEpa¹ri–³ku³ JakLapQVcq-Agq

Lesson 18: School

18.1 Dialogue

A. Where are your children? nE-¹ pHu o¹ bite³ KVakp Mg dp PcIhq ?

B. They are in school. E¹Ti³ o¹ d´ Tjoli¹ho³ akU

p cq dp Ob URdScpVdq

A. How do they get to school? E¹Ti³ dZµ´ d´ Tjoli¹ho³ akU

p cq XRb Ob URdScpVdq
MgIhq ?
pHute³

B. Usually they walk to the village. Eta¹ki¹ E¹Ti³ dZµ´ na akI

o apAcp akU
p cq XRb Ka
BRapOVCbp LQak
kHja¹dµ-´¹ prE

A. What do they learn in school? E¹Ti³ heTjo krja li¹ akU

p cq VhURd AQRa Scp
IcqIhq ?
ti³te³

B. They learn to read and do math. E¹Ti³ heTjo h´ tHµ´³ akU

p cq VhURd Vb JRbq
Also, they learn several OTa ScpOTa
languages. dwa li¹dwa
JRbq Idp akU
p cq VhURd
tHµ´³ to¹ e¹Ti³ heTjo akSaq DVd QVCbp IapVhp
Ela³ No- rµ-´¹ ta¹he¹

A. Why do you send your children me-¹te³ nE-¹ Tu³ nE-¹ pHu NVhpIhq KVakp Ugq KVakp Mg
to school? Ob URdScpVdq VVakq ?
d´ Tjoli¹ho³ E-³

B. All children should go to pa¹dZE- pwo-t´¹prE-¹ to³kç¹ LapXVak LTVdIbpLQVakp

school. IdqAip XRb URdScpVdq
dZµ´ Tjoli¹ho³

They must learn so they will E¹Ti³ to³bE¹ heTjoli¹ akU

p cq IdqPakp VhURdScp Ie
have a good future. Qi IVaqLShpVRaq Nap
tµrç ta-³ple¹hja³ ma¹ ScpNRaqScpNVak LVaq
li¹mja³li¹mE- pa-³

18.2 Drills
Drill 1:
Usually they walk to school. Eta¹ki
ta ki¹
ki E¹Ti³ dZµ´ na kHja¹dµ-´¹ d´ Tjoli¹ho³

akI
o apAcp akU
p cq XRb Ka BRapOVCbp Ob URdScpVdq
the teacher is a woman. Eta¹ki
ta ki¹
ki Tjoli¹ho³ Tara ma¹ prE-¹mç¹

akI
o apAcp URdScpVdq UaQa Nap LQVakN
p ip
children learn to read. Eta¹ki
ta ki¹
ki pa¹dZE- heTjo h´
akI
o apAcp LapXVak VhURd Vb
Drill 2:
Why do you send your children
to school? me-¹te³
te nE-¹ Tu³ nE-¹ pHu d´ Tjoli¹ho³

NVhpIhq KVakp Ugq KVakp Mg Ob URdScpVdq ?

is education important? me-¹te³
te tE-¹TipHE nµ´¹ a¹lo¹du¹ E-³

NVhpIhq IVakU
p cMak KRbp apSdpOgp VVakq ?

Drill 3:
Why doesn’t he go to school? me-te³
e a¹ dZµ´ d´ Tjoli¹ho³ to¹
to E-³

NVhpIhq ap XRb Ob URdScpVdq Idp VVakq ?

she learn to read? me-te³
e a¹ heTjo h´ li¹ to¹
to E-³

NVhpIhq ap VhURd Vb Scp Idp VVakq ?

Drill 4:
You should go to nE-¹ to³
to KVakp Idq
school. Aip XRb Ob URdScpVdq
kç dZµ´ d´ Tjoli¹ho³
kç¹

study jadZµ heTjoli¹ RaXe VhURdScp

hard.
write him ra³ li¹t´¹ba¹ d´ E¹o¹ Qaq ScpIbpPap Ob akp dp
a letter.

Drill 5:
He must go to a¹ to³bE
to bE¹
bE dZµ´ ap IdqPakp XRb
school so that he will learn Ob URdScpVdq
d´ Tjoli¹ho
Tjoli ho³
ho t IeQi ap Vb XVRa
to read. Scp LVaq
µrç a¹ h´ dZja-
li¹ pa-³

he can go to a¹ tHja¹bE ap JRapPak IVdJgq

highschool. URdScpVdq LVaq
to-tHu³Tjoli¹ho³ pa-³

he can get a a¹ ni–bE¹ tE-¹me-¹ d´ ap KVcPakp IVakN

p V
good job. hp Ob apQRa LVaq
a¹rja pa-³
18.3 Lesson vocabulary

school Tjoli¹ho³ URdScpVdq math; dwa OTa

arithmetic
usually eta¹ki¹ aoI
k apAcp language No- DVd

go on foot dZµ´ na kH XRb Ka to learn heTjo VhURd

BRapOVCbp
ja¹dµ-´¹

lesson; book li¹ Scp education tE-¹TipHE IVakU

p cMak

why me-¹te³ NVhpIhq important a¹lo¹du¹ apSdpOgp

children pa¹dZE- LapXVak woman prE-¹mç¹ LQVakN

p ip

everyone pwo-t´¹prE-¹ LTVdIbpLQVakp highschool to-tHu³ IVdJgq

URdScpVdq
Tjoli¹ho³

should to³kç¹ IdqAip to advance, tHja¹bE JRapPak

succeed
must to³bE¹ IdqPakp other rµ-´¹ QVCbp

so that tµrç IeQi exert effort; jadZµ RaXe

try
future ta-³ple¹hja³ IVaqLShpVRaq a letter li¹t´¹ba¹ ScpIbpPap

smart li¹mja³li¹mE- ScpNRaqScpNVak job tE-¹me-¹ IVakN

p Vhp

18.4 Additional vocabulary

book li¹u Scpg to practice tE-¹me-¹Tjo IVakN

p VhpURd

pencil dZe-¹bo³ XVhpPdq to sing hero³ VhQdq

pen li¹bo³ ScpPdq to ask sHu¹dja³ FgpORaq

notebook li¹u le-ra³m Scpg SVhQaq to reply, answer hesHµ¹ VhFep

Na
a

classroom ro³ku³ QdqAgq to play la¹vç-³ SapWViq

eraser jwopli³ RTdLScq to remember to-³ni– IVdqKVc

ruler tµ-¹bo³ IVepPdq to forget sHo³ta¹pa-¹ FdqIapLVap

paper li¹pli³ ScpLScq to explain hesHo¹ VhFdp