Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unknown artist, Nigeria, undated (adquired in Oshogbo, Nigeria, 1961, with Ulli
Beier)
Referring directly to the main testimony of the 1960s and current summaries of events
of this particular decade, there are many references to Pancho Guedes on the list of
patrons of new African art, or Neo-African art, and two important facts are clear: 1.
Amâncio Guedes or Pancho Guedes -- A. Miranda Guedes, A. de Alpoim Guedes,
Amâncio D'Alpoim Guedes, Amâncio de Miranda Guedes, and his full name
Amâncio d'Alpoim Miranda Guedes (or even ADAM Guedes), in the various guises of
his name that are found cluttering the various indexes, was one of the most inventive
(or, in fact, the most inventive) of the (African or non-African) architects that were
building in Africa, as well as one of the three or four recognised white mediators
(almost all “expats”, unlike Pancho) who sought out and promoted contemporary
African art in various places on the continent; 2. Lourenço Marques was, at the time
(in the early 1960s and before the wave of arrests that followed the start of the war for
independence), a dynamic city and one of Africa’s cultural capitals, due, by and large,
to Pancho’s international contacts in areas with quicker communicability with the
outside world, such as architecture and the visual arts, while the existing merits of
writing in Portuguese were less easily noticed. (Pancho Guedes organised the
publication of Nós Matámos o Cão-Tinhoso!, by Luis Bernardo Honwana in 1964,
illustrated with fragments of drawings by Bertina Lopes. This was later reproduced in
1969 in an English translation by Dorothy Guedes, illustrated by Pedro Guedes, We
Killed Mangy-Dog and Other Stories, ed. Heinemann, which gave rise to many
other versions).
Returning to the Met’s summary, it seems that it was the exhibition in Nigeria that
established Malangatana and indirectly Amâncio Guedes. In reality, the
abovementioned Mbari Club in Ibadan, originates from the work done by Ulli Beier in
Nigeria, since his arrival from Germany in 1950 and until his departure in 1967,
during the secession of Biafra. However, it was also the combination of this researcher
and activist with the intervention of Pancho Guedes and the dissemination of the work
of Malangatana that extended the cultural reach of Lagos in Africa during the decade
of independences. This was seen a few years ago in two important exhibitions:
"Century City" at the Tate Modern (2001), in the chapter in which Orkui Enwesor
wrote about that capital, and “The Short Century: Independence and Liberation
Movements in Africa 1945-1994” (Museum Villa Stuck, Munich and international
shows), from the same commissioner. One would need to know in great detail the
facts that formed the foundations of the Lourenço-Marques – Ibadan and Oshogbo
(Nigeria) axis, the Lourenço Marques – Salisbury (South Rodhesia) axis and the
Lourenço Marques – South Africa axis in the early 1960s, which were established in
particular by Pancho Guedes’ work with Ulli Beier, Frank McEwen and Julian
Beinart, respectively.
The identification of Lourenço Marques as one of the focuses of an Africa undergoing
change, despite the colonialist wake (at the time of the “euphoria of the 1960s”
generally experienced on the continent – and the climate of relative expectation that
accompanied the presence of Counter-Admiral Sarmento Rodrigues as Governor-
General of Mozambique in the period between 1961 and 1964, until he was removed
by Salazar), has two decisive factors that are verified by respective documentation: the
external (and specifically European) reputation achieved by Amâncio Guedes, from
1961 onwards, as an architect with projects in Mozambique and his presence as a
patron of new African art in the main areas where this art was sought, planned and
disseminated; the rapid international projection of Malangatana as a painter, which
meant, apart from recognition of his own work, him being an example of the viability
and immediate success of a new African art based on its specific local roots and
cultural environment. “Malangatana may have been the first African artist to find the
short cut – to become a sophisticated artist, while bypassing education” in terms of
the European model, according to Ulli Beier in Contemporary Art in Africa (Pall
Mall Press, London, 1968, p. 72).
In the area of architecture, which can only be mentioned briefly here, there were
important “Stiloguedes” buildings in Lourenço Marques at the turn of the decade,
such as the Prometeu Apartment Blocks (1951-1953) and The smiling Lion
(1954-1955); the Aeroplane House (1951) and the Três Girafas; the Casas Gémeas
Matos Ribeiro, the Saipal Bakery and the Otto Barbosa Garage (1952); the Zambi
Restaurant (1955), etc, and the Hotel in São Martinho de Bilene, which remained a
draft project since 1951.
The international projection of the “young Luso-African from Witwatersrand
University School of Architecture” (2) reached as far as the cover of the most
influential magazine in the profession, Architectural Review, in April, 1961, which
published Julian Beinart’s text, "Amâncio Guedes. Architect of Lourenço
Marques" (London, nº 129, pp. 240-250 – the cover is of the hotel for Bilene). This
was followed by an article in The Times written by J.M. Richards (prestigious critic
and editor of the newspaper itself): "Emergence of a new and original figure:
remarkable work by Amâncio Guedes" (17th May). These were the results of his trip
to Europe in 1960, the year which, despite not liking chronologies, Pancho refers to as
"The annus mirabilis MCMLX" in the preface of Miguel Santiago’s book, Pancho
Guedes - Metamorfoses Espaciais (ed. Caleidoscópio, 2007). "On my return to
Mozambique, I’m a different man”, he says at the end of this text.
Pancho unprecedented presence at the 1961 São Paulo Biennial as the individual
representative of a country called Mozambique, made official by the Mozambique
Tourism and Information Centre, is worth mentioning as the invitation to be part of
Team 10 and his participation at the Royaumont Abbey Meeting, in 1962. He became
known in France via the magazine Architecture d'Aujourd'hui, with a self-introduction
called "Y aura-t-il une architecture?" (June-July, 1962, pp. 42-48 - translated in
Pancho Guedes, 2007 (3) , as “There will be Architecture”). It is also very significant
that this was an issue dedicated to the “Fantastic Architectures”, in the dual sense that
it covered both the outsiders (such as Facteur Cheval), as well as Gaudi, the great
innovators (Mendelsohn, Le Corbusier, Wright) and visionaries (Pascal Hauserman,
Bruce Goff, Paolo Soleri), after the "Visionary Architecture" exhibition, organized by
the MOMA in 1960. External recognition had a slight metropolitan echo in the
magazine Arquitectura (Lisbon, nº 79, July, 1963): “Miranda Guedes: arquitecto de
Lourenço Marques”. Followed by the collaboration in World Architecture (John
Donat, ed., London), as “Mozambique contributing editor”, A.D.A. Guedes, in the
volumes relating to 1964, 1965 and 1967.