LTE TDD, The Global Solution

for Unpaired Spectrum

September 2010

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Copyright © 2009 QUALCOMM Incorporated, All rights reserved.

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 LTE TDD: The Global Solution for Unpaired
Spectrum

Complements 3G to Boost Data Capacity

3G provides ubiquitous data coverage, voice services and global roaming

L
T Seamless 3G Interoperability from Day One
LTE continues on 3G’s strong track record of mobility and interoperability
E

T Leverages LTE FDD and Huge 3G Ecosystem

Common TDD/FDD standard and design ensures economy of scale
D
D
Qualcomm: Common FDD/TDD chipset platform
Multimode chipsets supports LTE FDD & TDD with 3G and its evolution

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 3G: >1B Wireless Subscribers, 2.8B by 2014
LTE: Continued Support Worldwide
3G Operators committed to combined 3G and LTE Strategy

3G adds ~ 3 million approximately every 4 days1

Mobile WiMAX is approaching 3 million subscribers globally since its existence2

101 operators committed to LTE in 33 countries4

~22 LTE networks expected to be commercially launched by end 2010
3 LTE network launched

160 200 665 >1

Million Billion

3G Operators 3G Subs
3G Operators 3G Subs
2005
20103
Sources: 13G - Wireless Intelligence, as of Q2 ’10. 23G WiMAX - Informa, as of Q2 ‘10 3Wireless Intelligence estimates as of Jul 19 for the quarter ending Jun 30,
4 2010, GSMA and CDG, Jul 2010 4Global Mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) Aug 26, 2010
 LTE TDD: The Global Solution for Unpaired
Spectrum
 China and India to deploy LTE TDD Global TDD Spectrum
 China Mobile committed to LTE TDD, e.g. in 2.3 GHz
Potential
 Major India BWA operators in 2.3 GHz TDD Spectrum Bands
Spectrum
 Strong industry support 2.5/2.6 GHz (IMT Extension gap) 50 MHz
B383: 2570 MHz to 2620 MHz
 Basically all vendors offering LTE TDD
 WiMAX industry support declining1 2.3 GHz 100 MHz
B404: 2300 MHz to 2400 MHz
 Leverages LTE FDD 3IMT extension band provides 50 MHz TDD in addition to 70 MHz + 70 MHz

 Shares most of FDD design and standard FDD in most countries. 2B340 will e.g. be used for India and China, can
provide up to 100 MHz, but less spectrum may be available in some markets.
 Common FDD/TDD core network

LTE TDD operator trials in 2010, Commercial launches in 20112

LTE TDD LTE TDD Multimode

trials commercial launches

LTE FDD LTE FDD Multimode

single mode commercial launches

3G Evolution (HSPA/HSPA+, EV-DO Rev. A/B , 1X/DO Advanced)

2010 2011 2012+
1Examples: Clearwire announced LTE trials in press release Aug 4th 2010. Russia’s Yota announced plans to drop WiMAX in favor of LTE in some
5 markets. 2Single mode LTE TDD trials 2H2010, multimode trials 1H 2010 and commercial multimode launch in 2011
 Worldwide LTE TDD Trials in 2010

Worldwide LTE TDD trials Growing LTE TDD Eco-System

 India BWA 2.3 GHz spectrum suitable for
LTE TDD is ready for trials in 2010
 Qualcomm won one 20 MHz TDD spectrum
slot in key telecom circles for LTE TDD
 China Mobile showcasing large-scale trial at
the World Expo, Shanghai from May 1, 2010
 China Mobile will establish 3 separate trial
networks in Qingdao, Xiamen and Zhuhai
beginning Q3 2010
 China Mobile is also partnering to establish trial
networks overseas, including Taiwan
 Clearwire (USA) announced LTE trials in a
press release Aug 4th (FDD and TDD)
 All major Infrastructure vendors support
LTE TDD
 Examples are Alcatel-Lucent, Alvarion,
Ericsson, Huawei, Motorola, Nokia Siemens
Networks and ZTE
 Typically common LTE FDD and TDD
Infrastructure products
 Chipset vendors committed to LTE TDD
chipsets in 2.3/2.5 GHz
 Qualcomm, Altair, Sequans, Innofidei,
Wavesat, Beceem, Runcom LG, Huawei,
Samsung, ST-Ericsson
(Source: GSA, Signals Research Group,
August 2010)

 Softbank Mobile in Japan is reported to

consider LTE TDD as one of its options for
its 2.5 GHz spectrum.

6 Sources: GSA GSM/3G Market Update, Aug 2010 and Signals Ahead Volume 6, No. 8 June 16, 2010
 LTE TDD Complements 3G to Boost Data
 The optimal technology to leverage unpaired spectrum

LTE/3G  3G provides ubiquitous data coverage and voice

Multimode
TTD & FDD
 Seamless 3G service continuity from day one
Common TDD/FDD
platform  3G provides global roaming in global FDD bands

LTE (FDD or TDD)

3G Coverage
Ubiquitous data coverage, voice services and global roaming

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 LTE TDD Excellent for Hot-Spot Expansions
 Existing networks can leverage LTE TDD for targeted capacity expansions
 TDD spectrum typical available at higher frequency bands optimal for capacity expansion1
 Excellent indoor complement for small nodes—does not interfere with FDD network

 New LTE TDD networks—plan for small nodes from day one
 Mix of LTE TDD hot spots (picocells, femtocells) with LTE TDD macro coverage

Capacity boost
LTE TDD Hot-spots
E.g. Micro, Pico and Femtocells
(2.3 GHz and 2.5/2.6 GHz)

Wide Area Coverage

3G FDD Wide Area Coverage
HSPA+ and EV-DO Rev. B
(e.g. 800/900 MHz and 2.1 GHz)

Future LTE FDD Wide Area Coverage

(Or Future LTE TDD)
(e.g. digital dividend spectrum for FDD)

8 1Note: LTE TDD can provide sufficient coverage, especially for capacity driven macro networks, but provides reduced coverage compared to FDD
 Standardized, Seamless 3G Interoperability
Supported from Day One
 LTE FDD/TDD Standardized in 20091
 Optimized 3G Interoperability
 Both with WCDMA/HSPA+ and CDMA2000 1X/EV-DO

 Seamless voice support—3G fallback

 Circuit Switched FallBack (CSFB) to WCDMA, 1X or GSM to
support voice and emergency services

 Leverages same core network as LTE FDD

 Shares most of FDD design and standard
 Inherent seamless interoperability with LTE FDD
 UMTS core network components may be upgradeable
to support EPC functionality

 LTE continues on 3G’s strong track record of

Common LTE Combined
mobility, interoperability and high spectral FDD/TDD LTE
efficiency Core Network
(and 3G)
(EPC)

LTE FDD

1The LTE air interface 3GPP publication was12/2007, but the core network (EPC) was published mid 2008 . LTE R8
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ASN.1 was frozen in March 2009 (A stable ASN.1 code is required for commercial implementation of the standard ). LTE TDD
 LTE Voice Through Fallback to 3G
Long Term Solution is VoIP using IMS (VoLTE)

Initial Launches Initial Voice Solution Long Term Voice Solution

Data Cards LTE Data Handsets LTE VoIP Handsets

3G coverage

LTE data only LTE data only Simultaneous

VoIP and LTE data1
LTE coverage LTE coverage LTE coverage

Rely on 3G for Voice Fallback to 3G

Circuit Switched FallBack (CSFB) to WCDMA and 1X CS voice or 3G VoIP
or Simultaneous 1X and LTE (SVLTE)
3G also provides simultaneous Voice and Data:
Simultaneous WCDMA voice and HSPA+ data
SVDO—simultaneous 1X voice and EV-DO data

10 1Requires Single Radio-VCC for service continuity.

 LTE Leverages Huge 3G Ecosystem
 The 3G ecosystem is committed to LTE and multimode devices
 3G Operators committed to combined 3G and LTE Strategy

 LTE leverages 3G’s scale to provide similar access to devices

 More than 4900 3G devices by ~235 vendors (Source: CDG and GSA as of July 2010)
 ~840 HSPA devices launched in past 9 months—48% growth (Source: GSA July 2010)

Subscribers (Millions)
~1.6B HSPA Subs
1800
1600
1400 HSPA Family
1200
EV-DO Family
1000
800 TD-SCDMA
~380M EV-DO Subs
600
LTE
400
200 WiMax
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Source: 3G subs – Wireless Intelligence (Jul-10), LTE – Avg. of ABI (Jun-10) and
11 Note: * 3G includes EV-DO family, HSPA family and TD-SCDMA
Yankee (Mar-10) and WiMax - Avg. of ABI (Mar-10) and Informa (Jun-10)
 TDD/FDD Tradeoff
 TDD can provide more downlink capacity
 Flexibility to assign more downlink resources to meet actual data usage

 FDD provides better coverage

 Further reduced coverage with asymmetric downlink allocation

 Comparable end-user data rates as LTE FDD FDD covers

 Higher LTE TDD data rates for asymmetric downlink allocation ~80% larger area1
(for 2:1 DL/UL allocation and
same frequency, 40% for 1:1
DL/UL allocation)

DL
Fixed DL/UL
2:1 Flexible on different
DL UL DL UL DL/UL ratio frequencies UL
Time
TDD Coverage FDD Coverage
TDD can provide
more downlink
capacity
1Assuming same transmit power and 2.6GHz. The main reason for~ 80% reduced coverage is that the uplink device power is used part of the time for TDD but
continuously for FDD . Even a 1:1 UL/DL allocation means a duty cycle of ~40% in the uplink which contributes to a ~3dB reduced link budget and ~40% reduced
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coverage area (note that the DL duty cycle can vary between 40 % to 60% depending how much of special field sub frames are used– not shown in graphics ).
 LTE TDD is Designed for Spectrally Efficient
Frequency Reuse 1
Example: HSPA+ delivers comparable Performance to WiMAX in
significantly less spectrum—WiMAX is using frequency reuse 3

Based on independent drive testing in well-established network over a multi-day

period, Signals Research Group, LLC (SRG) found that1:
• HSPA+ (without MIMO) delivers higher than 5 Mbps data rates
more than 50% of the time with bursts in excess of 17 Mbps.
• These results are comparable with separate testing done in a Mobile WiMAX
network utilizing 30-60MHz of spectrum—3 to 6 times more spectrum

10 MHz for HSPA+ 30 MHz for WiMAX

2x5 MHz FDD, frequency reuse 1 30 MHz TDD, frequency reuse 3

F1:2x5 MHz F2:10 MHz

F1:2x5 MHz F3:10 MHz

F1:10 MHz
F1:2x5 MHz

1Source: See report “The Real-World User Experience in a Commercial HSPA+ Network” prepared by Signals Research Group, LLC, available at the GSMA
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website: http://www.gsmamobilebroadband.com/upload/news/files/28062010140021.pdf
 Meeting Data Growth in India with 3G & LTE
 3G/LTE is the best combination for India—
Additional capacity for voice/data with 3G
and data with LTE TDD
 Complements 3G HSPA and EV-DO Networks

 Accelerating India's mobile broadband

growth is significant given the lack of wireline
broadband infrastructure

Qualcomm BWA auction participation helps

ensure success of combined 3G/LTE TDD1
Qualcomm intend to leverage local partners to build out the LTE TDD
network and ultimately exit the venture after ensuring success

Initial partners/shareholders announced on July 29 20101 (Global

Holding Corporation Pvt. Ltd. and Tulip Telecom Ltd)

See press release dated July 29, 2010 for additional details “Venture to Facilitate Accelerated Deployment of LTE in India, Complementing 3G HSPA and EV-
DO Networks” . 1Qualcomm won one slot of 20 MHz of unpaired BWA (2.3GHz) spectrum in the key metro areas of Delhi and Mumbai, and the states of
14 Haryana and Kerala.
 Common LTE FDD & TDD Chipset Platform
Common FDD/TDD Platform
 Enables LTE TDD, FDD LTE Latest Evolution of 3G
and 3G/2G multimode device

 Supports global LTE TDD bands MDM MDM

9200 9600
 2.5/2.6 GHz (IMT Extension gap, LTE LTE
DC-HSPA+ DC-HSPA+/DOrB
B38: 2570 MHz to 2620 MHz) EDGE EDGE
 2.3 GHz (B40: 2300 MHz to 2400 MHz)

• 100 Mbps/50 Mbps DL/UL

 LTE TDD commercial in 2011 • Sampled in 2009
 Single mode trial by end of 2010
 Multi mode trial 1H 2011

Industry’s First LTE/3G Multimode Chipsets Paves the Way for LTE TDD

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 Summary: LTE TDD is The Global Solution
for Unpaired Spectrum

Complements 3G to Boost Data Capacity

3G provides ubiquitous data coverage, voice services and global roaming

L
T Seamless 3G Interoperability from Day One
LTE continues on 3G’s strong track record of mobility and interoperability
E

T Leverages LTE FDD and Huge 3G Ecosystem

Common TDD/FDD standard and design ensures economy of scale
D
D
Qualcomm: Common FDD/TDD chipset platform
Multimode chipsets supports LTE FDD & TDD with 3G and its evolution

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 Additional Information

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 Worldwide 3G and LTE FDD Mobile
Spectrum Ensures Global Roaming
FDD Bandwidth
Deployment Options1
US/Canada Europe
700, 850 MHz 800, 900 MHz FDD Blocks/ 5 10 20
1.7/2.1, 1.9, 2.5 GHz 1.8, 1.9/2.1, 2.5 GHz
Asia-Pacific Spectrum band MHz MHz MHz
450, 700, 850, 900 MHz
1.7, 1.8, 1.9/2.1, 2.3, 2.5 GHz
2.5/2.6 GHz2

2.1 GHz
(1.7 or 1.9 uplink)

1.5, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9

Latin America GHz
450, 700, 850, 900 MHz
1.7/2.1, 1.8, 1.9, 2.5 GHz

Africa & Middle E. 900 MHz

450, 800, 850, 900 MHz
1.8, 1.9/2.1, 2.5 GHz
800/850 MHz

New, Wider Bandwidth 10 MHz and beyond suitable for LTE Digital Dividend3
FDD deployments (e.g. 2.6 GHz and digital dividend) (700 to 800 MHz)

1Usable spectrum blocks for product implementation. 2IMT extension 2500 to 2690 MHz, 70 MHz+70 MHz FDD in most countries. 3Digital dividend; Region 1

19 (Europe, Middle East and Africa) 790-862 MHz, Region 2 (Americas) 698-806 MHz. Region 3 (Asia) – some 698-790 MHz (e.g. China, India, Japan, Bangladesh,
Korea, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Singapore) others 790-806 MHz
 Achievable & Supported Peak Data Rates

LTE TDD Peak Data Rates (Mbps)

Accounts for overhead at different bandwidths

DL (2x2 MIMO) UL (1x2)  Peak data rates scale with

Bandwidth
the bandwidth (and antenna
1:1 2:1 1:1 2:1
/Partition configuration)
10 MHz 41 50 15 11  Similar peak data rates for
20 MHz 82 102 30 23 FDD & TDD
 Higher TDD downlink peak
data rates with asymmetric
UE Supported Peak Data Rates (Mbps) allocation
Based on UE categories defined in 3GPP standard

LTE UE 1 2 3 4 5
Category
DL 10 50 100 150 300
UL 5 25 50 50 75

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