Persian Words in English Language

1. There are more than 600 Persian words in English Language today, some of which are as fallows:
Ace (=Aas) Accumen (=Akumen/Thoughts) Alchemy (=from Arabic Al-Kimya or “Kimya” from Persian
Simab=Mercury or Sim=Silver) Anil (=from arabic An-nil, ultimately Persian nili or indigo) Absinthe
(=Ultimately from Persian “Aspand/Espand) Aniline (=See Anil) Anger/Angry (=Angara Minu) Aryan
(=Ariana/Aere-an/Eran/Eranovij/Eranovic) Arsenic (from Arabic Az-zarnikh, from Persian,
Zarnik/Zarnikh) Asphalt (=from Arabic Az-zafat, from Persian Zaft=Tar/Pitch) Bizarre (=Bizar) or Bee-
zaar) Paradise,(A Persian word meaning “Walled garden” see “Panorama magazine” Manila, Sept.18,
2007).Star (setareh/ishtar), Banyan (kind of tree) Ban (=from Persian
=Chief/Lord/Prince/Guard/Protector)Bazaar, Caftan (=Khaftan) Caravan, Bank, Check, Chess, Roxan,
Rose, Jasmine, Parthian-Shots, (=Parting Shots), Sugar (=Shakar), Paw (=Paa), Chewing (=Javeedan),
Shame (=Sharm),Cow (=Gau), Name (=Naam), Nard (=Persian Nardin) Nan (=Bread), Cake/Kookie
(=kak/kooka), Euphrates (=Persian Efratu/river falling into the Persian Gulf) Nah (=No), Noh (=nine),
Narghile (=Nargil/cocoh-nut) Nov (=new), Bad and Better (=Behtar), Musk (=Mushk), Pajamas,
Orange, Dervish, Khaki, Sepoy (=Sepahy), Nav (=Navy) naval, navigation, navigator, etc, Istana
(=Astana), Diwan/Divan, Pashmina (=the Cashmere) Kooh-e- Noor (=Mountain of Light), Pasha, Pesh
Marga, Jungle, Mausoleum (=from Mausolos, a Persian satrap, for whom the great tomb wa built) Magi,
Magic, Magician, Mandarin (= from old Aryan Mantra or Counsel) Mandala (= from old Aryan
Mandala/ cycles) Mummy (=Moumi) Sherryvalies (=Shalvar), Kaftan (=Caftan), Nafta (=naft),
Kamancheh/Kamanja (=the original Persian Violin) Taffeta, Shawl, Shaw (as in George Bernard Shaw of
Irland) comes from the word “Shah” in Persian, meaning ‘King’. This words entered English language
culture in the 16th century A.D. Shahtoosh, Sherpa, Bang,Band,Spinach, Satrap (=Ancient governor of
Persia) Saffron, Lemon, Woe! (=Waa/Waay!), Gyn (=Zan/Woman) Bakh-shish, Penta (=Panj=five),
Tak (=attack), Tibet (= as in Tibet occupied by China) from the Persian words “Tabeet” meaning fire
place/fire temples (note the words Tab or fever and hit and Taban, shining/light are related to Tabeet, too)
Thou (=Toh), Thunder (=Thondar), Me (=Man), Am (=am), Be (beed/beedan/budan), Is (ist, ast, hast)
Ex (az), Eyebrow (=Abru), Lips (=Lab), Pharao (=Far-zand or son of Ra/Mithra, the Sun-god of Persia
and later, Egypt), Pagoda (=Bot-kada= “house of idols” see Webster), God (=Khoda also German Gott),
Verandah (=Bar-amdah), Sponge (espanj), Yoga (=yough), Door (=dar), Group (=grouh), Buss
(=Buseh), Officer (=Afsar/Afsara), Mouse (=Moush), Medecine/Medical/Medico (=from the Meades,
the Medeo-Persians) Ouch (=Aaakh), Aura (=Ahura), Aurora, Murra, Ricksha (=Rakh’sh), Anchor
(=Angor/langar), Barge (=Barga), Best (=Beh-ast) Iron (=Ahan), Tutty (=tutia), Canvas (=kanaf),
Shiraz/Sherry (wines from Xeres or Jeres of Spain, derived from Shiraz of Persia), Saraband (the
Spanish dance; see Webster), Scimitar/Scimiter (=Sham-shir), Woe(=waay), Reciet (=Rasid), Juvenile
(=javan.) Young (=javan), Cancer (=carchang/kharchang), Quarter (=Char), Figure (=paikar), Voice
(=avaaz), Two (=doh), Six (=Shesh) Nine (=noh), Ten (=dah), Dentist (=dandansaz), Aqua
(Aab=Water), Rustic (=rustai), Loot (=looti), Jel (=gel), Lazuli (lapis lazuli=Lajuard/Firuzeh)
Lazulite=Lajuard, Cheesy (=from Persian Chiz, meaning “a thing” “something”) Cheesed (=see Cheesy)
Cummerbund (=camarband), Rook (rokh), Song/Sang (sanj), Rank (rang) as well as Pope
(=Papa/Baba), Pedar (=Father), Madar (=Mother), Nana (=Nanny/Mother), Brother (Baradar)
Brethren(Baradaran), Brothery(Baradary), Dokhtar (=Daughter), Mama (mam = Madar) Mantra,
Meaning (=Manak/Maani=Similar, look alike) Camphor (Kafoor) Mortal (= Mordan) Muder (=
Murdeh) Morgue (Marg) Being (Boodan) Nominal/Nomate/Nomiation/Nameless, Etc. (=From
Naam/Name) Non/None (=Nah) Danube (= River/ Danav) Gnostic (= Da - nost = Danestan) Damp (=
dam/ dama) Daddy (=Dada) Nunny (=Naneh) Grand (=gran) Sirdar, Anger (= Angara) Prestige
(=Parastesh) Pentagon (=Panj-Gosh) Opium (=Abyun) Enter/Inter (=Antare) Up/Upper (=Apar/Abar)
Per (=Bara) For (=Bara) Mind (=Mand/Man) Devil (=Dev) Candy (=Qand) Rice (=Ros) Rose (=Rouz)
Checkered, Scarlet, Tiger, etc. (see “Developing skills in Grammar, Manila”, 2006/ P.13). Rout/Road
(=Roud, River), Kiosk (=Koosh’k), Salamader (Salamadar), Henna (or Hana) Mana (human/man/mind),
Gyan (Dan/ Danesh/Danestan). Saluki (Persian hound/hund), Tarragon (Tarkhoon), Cuchy (Khoshi/see
Webster), Persis (=a Persian woman) Perse (dark-grayish blue), Jakal (Shaghal) Bush/Bosch (Boteh),
Barbar/Berber/Barbarian/Barbaric (=from Persian Barbara meaning foreigner/Stranger/
ignorant/speechless, etc.) Barbican, (Barbar-Khana//Bob-Khanah/gate-house see Webster) Baro
(Barometer) = weight, pressure from Persian “Bar” Cinnabar, Cypress, excheques, gazelle, henna, Jargon,
Jasper, Julep, Kabab, Julep (=Gulab/Rose water, see Webster) Jungle, lilac, lime, margarine, marguerite,
miuscadel, myrtle, narcissus, palanquin, paradise,shawl, peach, peacock, pear, putte, rook, saccharine,
sash, satrap, seersucker, tapestry, tiatra, tiger, tulip, turban (= Dul-band) Leopard (=Parthian Lion) ( Ref.
“The splendor of Persia” Robert Payne, U.K. 1989). Mourn/morning (= Moura/zanja-moura) Durbar
(Darbar or Diwan of the shah) Un (=like Iran and un-Iran =Aryan and non-Aryan) Ic (=belonging to like
Arabic, Milosovic, etc.) Mamal (Mameh) Chakra/Charka (charkh, like to the Persian wheel, etc.) Shire
(shahr) six (shish) Lout (=Louti/Loudi) Pilaf/Pilan or Paella in Spanish (Poloh/Polo) Janissari (=Jan
Nesari) Sour (=Shoor), Fairy (Pari/Fereshteh), Caviar (from Persian words “Kahv”=cake egg amd “Yar”
= energy, meaning “Cake egg of strength” See “Panorama” Manila), Bronze (=Brenj), Chebulic
Myrobalan (Bereng Kabuli), Achar (Pickle), Afreet (afrida/ afridi/spirit), Alorithm (Al-Khwarizmi; the
Persian Muslim mathematician), Anger ( Angra minu/Ahriman/ evil spirit), Angel (Angaros, imperial
Persian courier-Wikipedia), Arsenic (zarnig) Arya/Aryan, Aas (Poker game), Azur (Azul from Persian
“lajward”), Babul (acacia “Arabica), Balcony (from Bala=above + Khana = house) Belushi
(Baluchi/Baluch tribe of Persia) Ban (title for “governors of Croatia/ Balkans. Probably even
“Bandera/Bandana etc.), Barbican (from Persian ‘Khameh/Khan=house), Beige, Bellum (Balam),
Bezoar (paad – zahr =/antidote), Biryani (Beryan = roasted, grilled) Tandoori (from Persian Tandoor =
oven/Kiln) Mithra (=the sun-god of the Persians) Morgha (from Morgh = Chicken) Boombast (from
Persian “Pamba” cotton/ =inflated but empty), Bronze (from Persian Berenj/ copper) Brinjal (from
badinjan/eggplant) Caftan, cannon (Kanoon), Calabash (=calabasa=kharbuza), Calean (=galyan, shishah
water pipe), Calendar (=qalandar), candy (qand/qandi), Carafe (qarabah) Caravansary (=caravan –
sara) Carcoon (Tarkash/Tir – kash), Cash (=karsha/Khordah), Chador (=scarf, veil) Cassock (kahz –
ghand) Caviar (khaye = egg + yar= energy or dar=having), Ceterach (shitarakh), Chakra (charkh)
Charpoy (char – paye) Checkmate (Shah – mat =/king astonished/ shocked/dead), Chess (=shah), Chick
(chiq) Cinnabar (=zahjifrach), Coomb (from Gonbad = dome), Culgee (from Kalgi) Cummerbund
(Kamar = waist + band = tie), Cushy (=Khushi), Diadem (=Headgear of the royalty) Deva (=Deev)
Dervish (Darvish), Demitasse = (tasht), Doab (doh=two/ab=water=;and between two rivers)
Dogana/Advana (Ad-Diwan = account book/customhouse), Emblic (Aamlah) Euphrates (=ufratu=sweet
water/good to cross over) Ghee, Galingale (Khal-anjan) Gigerium (Gigar/Jigar) Gizzard (see Gigerium)
Gunge (Genj) Jackal (shaghal) Jasmine (yasmine/yaas) Jujube (zayzakun) Juleb (gulab) Tulip (=doh –
lab = two lips) Kabob (Kabab), Kaftan (Khaftan) Kambo (the warrior caste in India/Indochina ad
Kambodia, related to Persian King Cambyses – Merriam – Webster dictionary and Encyclopedia
Britannica) Karez (=Kareez, the underground water system), Kemancha (musical instrument) Kerana
(musical instrument) Kenaf (fiber) khaki, Khoja (Khawja) Kiosk (kushk = Gushak =
corner/pavilion/palace), Koohi Noor (Mountain of light) Kran (Quran/coin), Kurta (Shirt), Lac (shellac)
Lamasery (from Persian seray = house like of caravasarai, etc), Larim (=lari) Lascar (lash-gar=army)
Lemon (limooj), Lilac, Laari (the Maldivan coins from Laar of Persia), Manticore (mard + khor = man –
eater), Murra, musk, Myrtle (=Moored/Aas) Naptha (naft) Neftgil (German from naft + gil = the gel of
naft or Naptha clay) Nargil, Naan (bread) Papoosh (shoe from pa = leg + poosh = cover) Pasar (=Bazaar
in Indonesia, Malaysia, etc) Pasha (prince /pad + shah = smaller king), Peach (from Persicum, like
malum Persicum = Persian apple), Persea (kind of tree) Perse (=blue color) Percale (Pargalah type of
clothe), Fairy (pary), Pepper Pilaf (Polov), Pistachio (Pistah) Popinjay (parrot), Punjab (panj = fine +
Aab = water = five rivers) Panjacila (five principles of Dr. Sukarno of Indonesia), Pyke (from Hindi
Prayik from Persian payk = messenger / errand boy), Rank (vang=color/level by colors), Roc
(Rukh/Bind) Rook (Rukh in chess) Rose, Roxanne (shinning/bright like Ruz=daytime), Road (=Ruud)
Route (=Ruud) Tar (=Tarik) Samosa (Sambusa) sandal, Sandalwood (=Persian Sandal) Sandal (= see
Sandalwood) Sapindales (spand/espand), satrap, scarlet, Scimatar (Shamshir), Syrah (=Shiraz wine)
Sepoy (sepahee/soldier), Serendipidity (=the Persian term from Serendip or Cylone/ Srilanka) Serangho
(Saray=inn) Serendipidity, Shabundar/Shabandar (shah=king/ruler + Bandar = port/harbor) shame
(sharm), Sherry (from Jerez of Spain, ultimately from Shiraz of Persia), Sherryallies (shalwar) Sitar
(three – stringed musical tool) spinach, Ginger (zawjabil/zingiber officinale Rosc), Sugar (Shaker) Suclat
(saqalaat/woolen cloth) Tabor (tambur) Taffeta (Taftah/wollen) Taj Mahal (“the crown/the best of all
buildings”) or “the crown Place”) Talc (talf) Tambour/Tambourine/ Tanbur, Tandori (of owen) Tapestry
(from Taftan/Tabidan/Taab) Tar (she tar etc.) Tar (chemical from ka – tira/Qitra/Qitran) Tarboosh (sar –
poosh/head gear/hat/cap) Tarragon (tarkhoon) Tass (tasht/cup) Tiara (Tara/seh – tara/star) Tiger
(tigris/origin Persian) Tigris (pointed/sharp) Tiara (=Headdress of the Persian Kings, which was adopted
by Alexander the Great; it is still used by the king of Oman, Brunei, Malaysia, Jibuti, etc.) Tulip (doh –
lab = two – lips) Turban (dul – band see Webster) Typhoon (Toofan) Vispered (=veepers – the Avestan
rituals) Zanza (music.senj) Tool (=dool, a bucket to fetch water) Caiesar/Kaiser/Tsar (=Persian Emperor
Kasra, the first empire in history) Van (short for Persian classic Caravan) see Webster; Mezze (=Mazeh,
starters in food) Calabasa or Calabash (=Kharboza) Amuch or Amok (=ultimatel, from A+Mokk,
No+Brain) Aprhodite =Afviti/Afridi) Aloe (Ilwa/Lily) Slamandar (=Samandar) Tar (=Tar/Tarik)
Sardin (=Sard) Myrtle (=Moord/Moort/Aas) Inter (=Antare) Enter (=Antare) Amaranath/Amarantheis
(Amarantum/Amardad) Ace (=Aas) Ambrosia (=Ambariyah) Ambergris (=Ambari) Alcove (=Ala –
Chiq) Baklava (=Baaflava) Salwar (=Shalwar) Sanjaree (=Sanjaree) Burgue (=Borj) Tone
(=Dong/Dang) Bandle (=Band/Basteh) Cave (=qaaf) Caucasus (=Qaf – qaaz)
Magna/Magnanimous/Magnanimity (=Magus/Magi) Sir (Sar/head/chief)
Sacckhar/Saccharim/Saccharose (=Persian Shakar/Sugar) Serendipidity (=Sandib/Sarandip) Alcazar
(=castle/ from Arabic Al + Qasr=from Persian Kasra/Emperor’s place) Asphalt (=Az-zoft in Arabic,
ultimately from Persian “zoft”) Tar (gum) Saw/saving (=sawhan) Chase/Chastity (=Chisht and Chishti)
Matador (=the killer, from Arabic Mata, but ultimately from Persian “Maat”)
Mayor/Major/Magistrate/Majesty/Majestic etc. (=Magus/Magi) Lumber (=Lambar/Lanbar) Puff
(=Poff) Dolma (=food=Dolmah) Lily (=Nili/Nilu-far) Kind as in kindish people (=Kard=did/Action also
related to Carma) Carma (=Karma/Karna/kard/action) Hey! (=Aey!/Aya!) Korta (=Kurtah, origin of
“Shirt”) Leg (=Leng/Lenga) Wine (=from old Persian “May”) Astarkhan = Haji-Tarkhan (the lamb and
the city in Causcus from old Persia) Brinijal (=Baderjan) Orgue/Organ (Arg/Arghanoon) Shirwani (=of
Shirwan an old Persian City in Caucasus/a jacket callet Nehru jacket which is Persian influence in
India/Pakistan/Bangladesh, etc.) Day (=Day=Day-ruz. Also the name of the Persian month “Day” also
“Din” in Hindi/Sanskrit) Apricot (=Barkuk/Gauja/Aaloo) Bronze (=Brenj/Brenji/Brenjin) Tazik (=Tazi
from Taj, Persian for crown, someone who wears Taj/crown that the Aryans used to wear/Also Tajik
people of Tajikistan/ Also the “Tazi” of Arabia in Shahnamah of Firdausi, the Persian royalty who
migrated to Arabia several thousand years ago and established the caravans and the “first Cities” of
Arabia, among the native Beduins of which the name “Medina/Madina” or city (=from “Medes/Mhads”
the first people who started cities in the world) For details, see The Lexicon of Ali Akbar Deh-Khoda,
under Tazi. Punch (=Ponch/Fonch) Gaz/Gaze (=Gaaz) Booz (=from Persian “Booza” which is also the
origin of the well known Arabic ”Boodah”) Bacteria (=Baktar) Bangara (=Bangarah) Bhang (=Bang)
Bezique (=Bazik=Bazi the Persian for “game”) Bezaar (=from Persian Pad-zahr) Bezoar goat (first
domesticated animal in the World/in Persia) Balcony (=Bala Khooneh) Bora /Borate/Borated/Borax
(=Burdah) Bore (=Boor) Bouquet (=Bogh-cheh) Boata (=Bot) Vaccine (=of vacca=cow amd gao) Susan
(=kind of lily or Nili, Nilu, Nilu-far) Garble (=Garbal/Gharbil/Gharbal) Gargle (=Ghar-ghar)
Hurray/Hurrah (=Hura! From the Persian sun god “Hur” which is Khor and Khor-sheed, today)
Zedoary (=zad-var) Musol (the old Persian/Kurdish City now on the borders of Iran with Iraq, but part of
Iraq, today) from which the Muslim and Musselini are derived. Muskmelon (from the Persian word
“Musk”) Two (Doh) Seh (=three) Four (Chahar/char) Fine (=Panj) Six (Shish) Hasht (=eight) Noh
(“Nine”) Dah (=ten) Easy (=Asaan) Choreces (=from the Persian “Khoroos” the rooster) Tap (=tap-tap)
Cuf (=carboy/Gharraba) Carboy (=cap) Gharraba (=Gharraba) Hermes (the Greek god) from the
Persian god Hormozd or Ahura-Mazda, Demijohn (=Damjana/Dam-ghani or from Dam-ghan city of
Persia/=carboy/Gharraba) Danub river (=from Danu people + Persian/Aryan word “Ao”=water/river,
etc.) Shaman (=Ataman/from the Aryan/Persian origin) Carafae (=Qarrab/carboy) Spy/ Espionage (=the
old Phalari word “Spaso”) and probably thousands more to be discovered in the future! Ether (=Azar as
in Azarbaijan= Land of the fire temples/ also Aatash, like Aag, in Sanskrit; House (=Haosyanha=
Hooshang, from the name of the legendary Persian King, who was the first to teach the cave man how to
build a house for themselves , thus the work house was adopted from the name of the inventor
Haosyanha.) Castle (=Qasar/Qasr/Kasra= the emperor of Persia, the first empire of the world, from whose
name all other emperors got their title: Kaiser/Caesar/Tsar, etc.) Carnation (=Caran-fal/Qaranfal) Giraffe
from Arabic Zarrafeh, from Persian Zar-ab/Zaraba Horn (=Carn/Qarn)
Pedal/Pedate/Pede/Pedestal/Pedestrian etc. ( =Paa=Foot) Tarboosh/Tarbush ( =Sar-
poosh/Headgear/Fez) Achchara (=Achar) Ember/Amber (=Anbar/Anbarin) Post/Posterior/Posterity
(=Posht) Amuch/Amock (=A+mokh=No-brain) Ebony (=Abnus) Avatar (=Autad) Koftah (Koftah)
Vir/Virility (=Vir/Vira) Hero/Heroine (=Vir/Vira) Award (=Wirdi) Word (=Werd/Do-a) God (=Khoda)
Deka/Ten (=Dah,similar to Das in Sanskrit) Chapati (=Chapatee) Water (=Avad/Apat/Aab/Ao, as in Eau
de cologne in French and Punjab (Five waters/rivers in India and Pakistan, Danub in Europe and Ao in
Filipino languages like Mindanao, Davao, Lanao, Danao etc.

Persian Words in Filipino Languages

Q: 1. Are these words Qaum and nākhodā originally Farsi?
A: Qaum = Arabic (Persian also) = tribe; relatives
Q: 2. Would you know of a Farsi dictionary with historical etymology that is in English that I can use to
refer to these words?

A: Check Iranian Lexicon of Deh-Khoda/Persian Dictionary/Wikipedia

Q: 3. Is there a reference book in English that can tell me in what languages these words have been
borrowed?

A: Wikipedia/ English Borrowed Persian words

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Kauman or kawman = probably also the Holy City of Qom, comes from Arabic/Persian Kaum = relatives;
tribe
means a group of people, clan, it’s from Arabic, qaum, with the same meaning [1].
In Sama word kauman is derived from kaum+an, a locative affix in Philippine languages, or
means an enclave or settlement where a clan is cognatically related group [2].
(Note: According to the late Dean Majul of UP Islamic Studies i.e. Dr. Caesar Adib Majul, there are some
600 words in Filipino languages of the Arabic and Persian origins, Examples:
1) The Names of the Days of the Week in Muslim South. (Look for the names of the days of the
week)

Names of the Days of the Week in Maranao, Maguindanao, and Tausug:

Monday = Isnim (= Ethnaym)
Tuesday = Talaata (= Thalatha)
Wednesday = Ar-baa (= Ar-ba-ah)
Thursday = Khamis (= Khamees)
Friday = Jomaa (= Jom-ah)
Saturday = Saptu (= As-sabt)
Sunday = Akad (= Al-Ahad)
2) words like: 1) Salamat 2) Akala 3) Alam 4) Labas 5) Kitil (Qatl) 6) Dilim 7) Mamatay (Maat) 8)
Kuya (Khuya) 9) Ala Eh (=Allah Eh!) 10) Bastah (package, see Father English’s Tagalog-English
Dictionary) 11) Alak (Araq) 12) Hayop (=Hayy =Living beings) 13) Warak (=a leaf of a tree or of
a book, etc) 14) Kapre (=Kafir, unbeliever) 15) Takot (=Taqwa) 16) Hukum 17) Aba! ((=Aba!
=strange, wonderful) See Persian Names p. 1) 17) Abayari (=Abyari = thin/dove) 19) Batya (=
from Arabic Batya, but originally Persian meaning basin) 20) Sabao (=Shurba = soup/broth) Note:
Even “Lugao” which is considered to be Chinese ends in “Au” which is Persian/Aryan word for
water, like Lanao, Davao, carabao, as well as the “Eau de Cologne!” etc.

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Etymology
Persian nākhodā, from nāw, boat, + khudā, master.
Yes Persian naw = Boat from which English Navy/Navigation/Navigator come.
Khoda = Persian for God/god/Lord/Master/Chief

Dictionary
In India, the captain or master of a boat or vessel.
Synomym: captain
[1] The meanings of the terms kauman and nakhoda were obtained from my personal communication
with my colleague from the University of the Philippines Prof. Maria Khristina Manueli of the
Department of Linguistics
[2] In Bahasa Melayu it means an ethnic group, i.e. …[of Bumiputera groups in Sabah (Bumi =
Persian/Sanskrit word for Natives)] the third ethnic group [kaum] is the Badjau, Nagatsu, K. quoting from
official high school textbook 2001:220). In some literature on the Badjau status (Chou, c.2005; Gusni,
Saat, 2003; etc.), it is often cited that sendentarized Badjaus have attained higher status compared to those
who seasonally live on houseboats and/or house-on-piles.
-----
Some more Persian words in Filipino
1) korma = dates (fruit, sweet)

2) komaw = kom-aw = jug of water (see Father English Dictionary of Tagalog-English)

3) Carabao/Cubao/Tamarao = Cow of Au = (Persian word for water (Water Cow/Buffalo))

4) All names ending in “Au” like Lanao/Davao/Maranao/Mindanao = is Persian word for water (like
Eau de Cologne)
5) Maynilad = from Nila/Nilu, Persian for Lily

6) Pasay = from Turkish Pasha from Persian Padeshah (small king/prince) versus Shah (the Great
King)

7) Alabang (probably from Allah Bang (Persian bang call of Allah/Azan for Muslim prayers)

8) Datu (chieftain) Persian, see Persian Names by Maneka Gandhi/India 1994 edition.

9) Cabin (Persian “marriage ceremony”) Cavin Du-a among the Tausugs

10) Mana/(Tagalog mana = similar/ka mukha) Persian related to the Persian prophet Mani (300 A.D.)
See Persian Names (by Maneka Gandhi/India 1994)

11) Salakhod = Persian “kola-khod” special cap or headgear for Muslim Datus (like Nur Misuari
style)

12) Barzanji (Muslim chants) religious songs

13) Darageen (epic songs of Mindanao) probably from Persian “Taraneh” = song/chants/epics, etc.

14) Abdan (water jug/small pool) in the entrance of the palace or mansions of Datus.

15) Pusa = cat in Filipino, probably from the Persian word “Puzah” which refers to the “snout” of the
animal. Nguso in Tagalog or “snout” sounds very close to “Puzah” or “Puzeh” in old Persian.

16) Adarna (Ibong Adarna/Darna) The name of a big flying bird with long neck and legs, is a famous
Persian bird.

17) Bata (= Persian = Bach-cha) a “child”

18) Manok (= Persian = Morgh (see “Persian Names”))

19) Sari-Manok (= Simorgh) see Shahnama of Firdausi – the story of Rustum x Sahrab

20) Bazar or Bazaar (= the Persian markets)

21) Labi (= Lab) - or lips

22) Lakad (= Lagad) – the legs/kicking with legs, etc.

23) Basta (Spanish, but ultimately from the Persian word “Bas” meaning “enough” or “enough
already, stop!”) etc.

24) Ratu = same as datu, chieftain, priest, prophet

25) Bayad (=must, what is necessary)

26) Hatao (=At once, see Persian Names p. 165)

27) Yan (=Aan/Un)

28) Yin (=In/Hamin)

29) Ini (=Ineh!)

30) Warat (=Warat) see Amid Persian Dictionary

31) Pilikmata (=Pelke(chashm))

32) Yaya (=Daya/Dayeh)

33) Takuri (=Quri)

34) Bobo (=Babu)

35) Bato (=Batu/see Persian Names p. 84)

36) Kulong (=Kolun, a kind of lock in olden days behind the doors/gates, etc.)

37) Lugao (=the “ao” is definitely a Persian/Aryan word for water like
Lanao/Davao/Carabao/Tamarao, as well as “Eau de Cologne!”)

38) Siopao (see Lugao explanation)

39) Sabao (=Shurba/Soup/Broth) See Lugao explanation

40) Wasak (=from Arabic, but ultimately from Persian)

41) Lahar (El-Khar = Khar-re = mud)

42) Mukha (=from Arabic, but ultimately from Persian)

43) Dangwa (=Dangua, Country, Land, see Persian Names p. 106)

44) Pasay City, from Turkish Pasha (=Prince) ultimately from Persian Padeshah (=small king/prince
vs. Shah = the Great King). Pasay City was the city ruled by the son of Rajah Lakandula of
Tondo, therefore it became “the city of the Pash” or Pasay City. (Note: Pasay Road in Makati City
and several other similar names of places)

45) Pasig River – probably from “Pasa Ilog” (River of the Prince/Ruler or the “Prince of Rivers” from
the Persian Pasha/Padshah (see Pasay City))

46) Marawi City – probably from the ancient Persian city of “Marv” or “Merv” which is now in the
Central Asian Republic of Turkmenistan.

47) Cotabato (cota-bato or castle of stone) the word cota comes from a Persian word meaning
“mound/castle” and “bato” is another Persian word meaning “stone/seeds of cherry etc.” like
“buto” in Tagalog. (See Persian Names/India/1994 p. 84)

48) Butu = from Persian “Butu” = pill/seeds of cherry etc.

49) Dusa, from Persian word Duzakh meaning Hell/hardship. (see Tagalog-English Dictionary by
Father English, National Bookstore, 2002.)

50) Ilao = light, probably from Persian sun god “Ra” or “Mitra.”

51) Araw = “Day or sun” probably from “Ra” or Mitra the Persian sun god (see Ilao)

52) Paa = from Persian word “paa” meaning leg (=like the Persian words of “pa-jamah” or pyjama the
“cloth of legs.” See Webster)

53) Salawal = from the Persian word “Shalwar” (Also used in Indian, Arabic, and some other
languages) meaning “pants.”

54) Nanay = from Persian word of endearment for mother (Note: Even mother is from Persian
“madar”)

55) Tatay = father, from the Persian word “Dada” meaning “old man” or father

56) Salabat = from “Sharbat” in Arabic and Persian ultimately from the Persian “Shar-Ab” or “Zar-
Ab” meaning “Golden water” or “wine.” Today it means also any sweet drinks (soft/hard). Even
the English “syrup” comes from that Persian word “Sharbat.”

57) Bulul = the rice god of the native Filipinos, probably from “Boh-lul” a legendary Arabian/Persian
mystic of the 8th century A.D. (contemporary of the Khalifah Harun Ar-rashid – 764-809 A.D.)

58) Batalla = Either from the Indo-Aryan (=Persian) “veda” or “vatara” who was a deity, or from
Arabic “Baitullah,” “House of God”

59) Padre = from the Spanish for “priest” or father but ultimately from Aryan (=Iranian) word
pedar/petar meaning “father.”

60) Madre = from the Spanish word “Madre” meaning “nun” or female Catholic religious worker, but
ultimately from the Aryan (=Iranian) word “Madar” or mother.

61) Kaka = from the Persian word “Kaka” meaning elder brother (=from the Pahlavi-Avestan word of
“Ha-Kha” as in the Ha-Kham or the “Ha-Kham-Ens” the Achamenian dynasty of Cyrus the Great
– see Persian Names/India/1994 p. 156)

62) Kuya = from the old Persian “Ha-Akhu” or “Akhuy” meaning elder brother (see “Kaka” for
details).

63) Hiya = from Arabic “Hayaa” meaning “shyness/shamefulness/shame.” It’s also used in Persian in
the same meaning.

64) “Ao” = the most famous suffix in Tagalog language like:

Mindanao/Lanao/Davao/Cubao/Carabao/Tamarao etc. All come from that Persian word “ao” for
water.
65) Aub-dast = the Muslim word for Ablution (=wodu in Arabic) comes from the Persian word “Aa”
(see “Ao”) and “dast” the Persian word for “Hand.” It means “washing hand for prayers.” (Note:
Even Chinese Muslims in Hong Kong or the mainland China use Aub-dast. Even Eastern
European Muslims in the Balkans and the former Yugoslavia say the same.)

66) Alabang = from two Persian and Arabic words of Allah (meaning God) and “Bang” (like the Big
Bang), the Persian word for “call” (to prayer) meaning “To shout or inform the people for prayer
to Allah). The towns of Alabang in Metro Manila and Malabang in Mindanao probably got their
names from Allah + Bang!

67) Farman = the Persian word for “order/command/ruling.” It is used by the Muslim Filipinos to
mean the “Teachings of the Holy Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.).

68) Iranon = the famous Muslim tribe of Mindanao probably from an “Aryan” ancestry or “Iranian.”
Also take note of the “Iraya” festivals and the Irian-Jaya in Indonesia and Ireland (=Land of the
Aryans) etc.

69) Hukum = the judge in Filipino comes from the Arabic word meaning “ruler” or “judge” but that
also comes from the Hebrew “Ha-Kham” (=Rabbi/Judge) and finally from the old Persian Ha-
Kham-Ems (=the ruler/protector of the people) see Persian Names p. 156

70) Araw ng Hukum = the Day of Judgment, both the words of Araw and Hukum are originally
Persian (See Araw x Hukum for details)

71) Siyasat = the Filipino word for “investigation by government agencies,” probably from the
Arabic/Persian origin of “syasat” which means “Governance/Policy/Politics/Punishment,” etc.

72) Panjtan = Either from the Indo-Aryan (=Iranian) “Panchait” meaning the “Village
Council/Council of the Elders” or from the “Pantjan,” the “Five Holy Members of the Family of
the Holy Prophet” about who the verse 33 of the Chapter 33 in the Holy Qur’an, was revealed.

73) Mano-Sya = A human being, a man, from the Indo-Aryan (=Iranian) “man.” “Mana” meaning
“mind”/“Human.” (See Persian Names p. 259)

74) Manok = chicken comes from the Persian “manuk” and later on “Morgha” meaning “chicken.”
See Persian Words p. 261

75) Sari-Manuk = from the legendary Persian bird of “Simorgh” which is in the famous Persian epic
of Rustom and Suhrab in the Shahnamah of Firdausi.

76) Mana = the Tagalog word for “taking after” from the Persian word “Mani” (the Persian prophet)
and “Mandan” meaning “similar to someone or something.” See Persian Names p. 259

77) Ito = Filipino for “This/this is . . .” from the old Persian origin of “Eton” meaning this (Note: Also
in the Slavic languages like Russian it’s used as: “Eta” meaning this)

78) Tabo = from the Persian word “Aub-taba” = water holder or Taba for any container of water, food,
etc.
 79) Samar = probably from “Samar-kant,” the Ancient Persian City in Central Asia (Now part of
Uzbekistan) which was named after the King Samar. (See Persian Names p. 390)

80) Ahon = probably from the Persian word “Ahon,” a cave or an underground way meaning a road, a
path. (See Persian Dictionary of Ameed p. 77)

81) Sako = from the Spanish word saco = sac but ultimately from Persian.

82) Kalabasa, from the Spanish word calabasa meaning squash which itself comes from the Persian
word “Khar-boza” (probably during the 700 years of Moorish rule in Spain, where most of the
“Arab” scholars there were actually Persian Muslims, whose Islamic names and Islamic looks
were mistaken as “Arabs across the board” as the word Saracin (=meaning Khorasanis or Persian
Muslims in the Islamic Army) meant “Arab” to the whole world!

83) Ama = from the Persian word “Ama” (=God) See the Persian Names p. 27.

84) Manila = comes from the word May-Nilad which is the Persian word “Nila/Nilu/Nilufat” meaning
Lily flower. So, May-Nilad means where Lily flowers grow abundantly.

85) Ustad (=the religious teacher or guru) comes from the same Persian word. The Filipino and
Chinese Muslims use it for their religious teachers (Note: Even in Arabic, the same old Persian
word is in use, today)

86) Palawan = probably from the Persian word “Palava” or “Palaba” or “Pahlavi” meaning
“nobles/city people vs. villagers.” Even in India and Java and probably “Palao” in the Pacific
Ocean, the words go back to the Persian tribe of Pahlavi (see “Hinduism” by H. K. Narayan, 2001)

87) Pagoda = the Buddhist Temple, comes from the Persian word “Bot-Kada” (=house of idol). See
Webster Dictionary.

88) Abdan = the “water jar” in the entrance of the palaces of Datus in Mindanao comes from the
Persian word “Aub” = water + Dan = place or “water holder.”

89) Barzanji or Barzangi = from the Persian word Bar + zang/zanj meaning religious chants about
Allah, or about the Holy Prophet Mohammad or his descendants or the Sharifos in Mindanao.

90) Here are some Persian Names n the Filipino languages: 1) Rajah Humabon of Cebu from Indian-
Aryan (= Iranian Rajah = Ruler) and Humayun the legendary Persian King. 2) Rustum 3) Sohrab
4) Cyrus 5) Darius 6) Parvin 7) Firdausi 8) Pasha 9) Xerxes 10) Firooza 11) Roxan/Roxana 12)
Bandali (Banda Ali) 13) Panjatan 14) Mitra 15) Amil Hosain 16) Amil Hasan 17) Fariba

For more details please see this written article on “Persian Influences in South East Asia” plus the
“Contribution of Persia to the World Civilization.”

Thanks and more power.

Prof. M.S. TAJAR
 ‫‪Persian Words in Arabic‬‬
‫‪And‬‬
‫‪In the Holy Qur’an‬‬

‫الکلمات الفارسِية فی اللغة العربية‬

‫و القران الکریم‬
 ‫فرهنگ لغات فارسی در زبان عربی‬
‫و قرآن کریم‬

‫به کاوشگری ‪:‬دکتر محمود تجر‬

‫و با همکاری حسن ساعی‬

‫به نام خدا‬

‫موضوع‪ :‬معرفی کتاب لغت جدید در فیلیپین و نویسنده آن‬

‫کتاب »فرهنگ لغات فارسی در زبان عربی و قرآن کریم )از تحقیقات زبانشناسی و‬
‫ریشه یابی لغات(‪،‬توسط »پروفسور محمود طجر«‪،‬استاد زبان و زبانشناسی مقیم‬
‫فیلیپین ‪،‬در حال شکل گیری است ‪.‬پروفسور طجر بیش از ‪ 30‬سال زبان های فارسی‬
‫و عربی را در دانشگاه های مختلف فیلیپین ‪،‬از جمله دانشگاه دولتی این کشور ) (‬
‫تدریس کرده است ‪ .‬ایشان مولف ‪ 50‬کتاب به چهار زبان عربی‪،‬انگلیسی‪،‬فارسی و‬
‫اسپانیایی است؛و سه بار هم قران را با ترجمه انگلیسی و تفسیر و تلفظ لتین چاپ و‬
‫منتشر ساخته است‪ .‬لزم به یاد آوری است که استاد ‪،‬در حال حاضر پرفروشترین‬
‫‪.‬نویسنده کشور فیلیپین و یکی از پرکارترین محققین اسلم و شیعه است‬
‫تازه ترین اثر ایشان بازشناسی لغات فارسی در زبان عربی که قدمت چندین هزار‬
‫‪.‬ساله دارد‪،‬و همچنین وجود کلمات فارسی در قرآن کریم می باشد‬
 ‫در ضمن در این کتاب ‪،‬در باره لغات فارسی در انگلیسی)‪700‬لغت(و زبان های‬
‫جنوب شرقی آسیا مثل‪:‬فیلیپینی‪،‬مالزیایی‪،‬چینی‪،‬تایلندی واندونزیایی هم فصل جداگانه‬
‫‪.‬ای وجود دارد‬
‫با توجه به اینکه استاد به ‪ 12‬زبان ‪،‬از جمله زبان عربی و عبری هم آشنایی‬
‫دارند‪،‬تحقیقات زبان شناسی ایشان در شناسایی زیر بنای فرهنگ غنی ایران و آمیزش‬
‫بنیادین آن با عربی ‪،‬حتی قبل از اسلم‪،‬و نقش ایرانیان در اسلم و تمدن اسلمی )و‬
‫‪.‬عربی؟(جالب توجه است‬
‫برای نمونه مقداری از فصل اول این کتاب را جهت توجه شما ارسال می داریم‪،‬تا‬
‫شاید به خواست خدا و همکاری موسسه تحقیقاتی شما‪،‬این کار به نتیجه بهتری نایل‪ ،‬و‬
‫‪.‬جهت چاپ آن در ایران هم اقدام شود‬
‫من ال التوفیق‬

‫حرف آ‬
‫جمع ابددر زبان عربی‪ ،‬به معنی همیشه باقی‪،‬بی پایان‪ ،‬ظاهرًا با کلمه‬ ‫آباد‬
‫‪.‬آباده )آبادی( درزبان فارسی یک ریشه است‬
‫حرف»ا«در فارسی به معنی »غیر«یا »نا«آمده است‪.‬مثل »انیران«‬
‫=غیر ایرانی‪/‬غیر آریایی‪ .‬و یا کلمه »ا‪+‬زمان «یعنی »بدون زمان«یا‬
‫همیشگی و ‪...‬به کار رفته است ‪.‬قابل توجه است که اولین پیامبر‬
‫ایرانیان هم نامش »آباد« و یا » مهاباد «بوده و کتاب آسمانی او نیز‬
‫»دساتیر«)اصل کلمه اساطیر در قران مجید ؟(در مورد جزئیات این‬
‫‪:‬کلمات که خیلی مفصل است به فرهنگ های مختلف از جمله به‬

‫لذا امکان اینکه »ابد« به معنی »نا پایان« یعنی »ا« ‪»+‬بد« بده است ‪.‬‬
‫بسیار زیاد است‪.‬در زبان پهلوی کلمه »آبده« به معنی بی آغاز هم به‬
‫‪.‬کار رفته است‬
‫نکته‪:‬فرقه »عبادیان‪/‬عبادیه در کشور عمان که مسلمان هستند‪ ،‬به‬
‫احتمال قوی اسمشان را از »آبادیان « ‪،‬پیروان »آباد« اولین پیامبر‬
‫‪.‬ایرانی گرفته اند‬
‫آبک‪،‬سیماب‪،‬جیوه‪،‬در ضمن این کلمه که یک ماده شیمیایی فرار مثل‬ ‫آبق‬
 ‫جیوه است در فارسی و حتی عربی به معنی »بنده فراری «هم به‬
‫کار می رود‪.‬در قران مجید حضرت یونس پیغمبر را خداوند‬
‫»آبق« به معنی بنده فراری خوانده است‪.‬نگاه‪ :‬سوره صافات)‪(37‬‬
‫آیه ‪140‬‬
‫مسئول آتش‪/‬آتش انداز‪/‬تون تاب در حمام‪/‬سوخت انداز‪/‬کسیکه باید از‬ ‫آتشچی‬
‫آتش نگه داری کند‪.‬گلخن تاب هم گفته می شود‪.‬این واژه از طریق‬
‫‪.‬ترکی وارد عربی شده است‬
‫‪.‬آگر ‪/‬آگور‪/‬خشت پخته شده که در ساختمان به کار می رود‬ ‫آجر‬
‫آگین‪/‬مخلوط‪/‬مختلط‪/‬قاطی شده‪ /‬به هم آمیخته‬ ‫آجن‬
‫نوعی درخت شبیه اناراست ‪ .‬از همان آس فارسی و یامورد در‬ ‫آس‬
‫‪.‬انگلیسی گرفته شده است ‪myrtle‬‬
‫پایتخت‪/‬مرکز‪/‬حکومت‪/‬قصر شاهی‪/‬عالی قاپو‪،‬باب عالی)به خصوص‬ ‫آستانه‬
‫)در استانبول در زمان عثمانی ها‬
‫نگا‪ :‬اسمانجونی‬ ‫آسمانجونی‬
‫ازهمان کلمه آفرین در زبان فارسی‪،‬به معنی به به ‪/‬شاد باش ‪/‬شاه‬ ‫آفرین‬
‫‪.‬باش‪/‬کلمِه تحسین و تشویق است‬
‫مثل آنه)پول سکه در هند و پاکستان وبنگلدش( به معنی سرب)مادِه‬ ‫آنک‬
‫فلزی(‪/‬این اسم ریشه آریایی )ایرانی‪-‬هندی(دارد‬
‫از ‪+‬آن )از آ» وقت یا زمان یا روز(‪/‬در عربی‬ ‫آنئذ‬
‫‪.Aana-is‬امروز به معنی آن وقت آنروز ‪/‬از آن زمان به کار می رود‬

‫از آن زمان‪/‬از آن وقت‪/‬از آن روز‪/‬از آن گاه‬ ‫آنذاک‬

‫حرف الف‬
‫بر خلف ملل عرب و عجم و ترک و دیلم‪،‬کلمات این دو کلمه در اصل‬ ‫اب‪/‬ابا‬
‫فارسی پهلوی قدیمی هستند که بعد ها توسط »تازیان«)شاهزادگان‬
‫مهاجر ایرانی به سرزمین عربستان که آنروزها یک »ساتراپی« و‬
‫‪.‬استان امپراطوری ایران بود(به زبان عربی امروز وارد شده اند‬
‫‪Persian names /‬‬
‫در مورد مهاجرت تازیان ایرانی نژاد به عربستان به‬
‫‪.‬فرهنگ»دهخدا«‪،‬کلمه تازی مراجعه شود‬
‫در قران کریم کلمه »اب« و مشتقات عربی شده آ» )‪ (117‬بار آمده‬
 ‫ل سوره یوسف)‪ (129‬آیه ‪78‬و بیش از صد آیه دیگر‬ ‫است ‪.‬مث ً‬
‫ظاهرًا مخفف آبریز فارسی است‪/‬فلزی که آب شده و در قالب می‬ ‫ابریز‬
‫ریزند‪.‬در عربی امروز به معنی طلی خالص‪/‬زر ناب‪/‬جنس مرغوب‬
‫به کار می رود‬
‫ابریشم فارسی است‪/‬نخ های ظریفی که از کرم ابریشم به دست می آید‬ ‫ابریسم‬
‫سين(‬ ‫)با حرف‬
‫‪.‬و از آن پارچه ها و دیگر وسایل تجملی یا صنعتی درست می کنند‬
‫معرب »آبریز«‪/‬آفتابه)آوتاوه‪/‬تابه(‪/‬ظرف سفالی لوله دار با دسته برای‬ ‫ابریق‬
‫آب‪،‬شربت و غیره ‪ .‬جمع عربی آن اباریق است در قرآن مجید هم در‬
‫آیه ‪ 18‬سوره واقعه)‪ (56‬آمده است‬

‫جمع بزر فارسی‪.‬به معنی »دانه« بخصوص دانه های خوشبوی غذایی مثل‬ ‫ابزار‬
‫»ادویه«‪.‬عجب آن است که اصل کلمِه عربی شده ابزارهم فارسی ‪ ،‬یعنی‬
‫»افزار« است که به معنی ادویه جات و دیگ افزارو مواد جوشانده در‬
‫)دیگ است‪).‬نگا‪.‬فرهنگ عمید‬
‫عربی شده آبزن یعنی تشت‪،‬ظرف بزرگ مسی و یا چینی برای‬ ‫ابزن‬
‫شستشوی بدن‪.‬در فارسی آبشنگ هم گفته می شود)جمع عربی آن‬
‫)»ابازن« است‬
‫»نگا‪».‬بتر‬ ‫ابتر‬
‫ترنج‪،‬بالنگ )نگا‪ .‬فرهنگ عمید(در عربی اترنج هم آمده است‬ ‫اترج‬
‫از همان »تون حمام« فارسی است ‪).‬جمع عربی آن»اتاتین«( امروزه‬ ‫اتون‬
‫در عربی به معنی »اجاق« ‪»،‬تنور« ‪» ،‬کوره« و جای آتش به کار می‬
‫‪.‬رود‬
‫ظاهرًا معرب »اگ« که یک لغت قدیم آریایی )سانسکریت(برای آتش‬ ‫اج‬
‫‪).‬است‪).‬در زبان های هندی و اردو هنوز هم »آگ« می گویند‬
‫از کلمه فارسی »آخور«‪/‬علفدان‪/‬جای علوفه جانوران‬ ‫اخور‬
‫به خلف تصور عموم ‪،‬این کلمه که به ظاهر خیلی عربی به نظر می‬ ‫اخ‬
‫رسد ‪ ،‬اصلش فارسی پهلوی است‪،‬کلمه» اخ « از »هخ« فارسی که‬
‫»هخامنش «هم از آن ریشه است ‪،‬بدست آمده‪»).‬کاکا« یا» هاخا« به‬
‫معنی برادر( در فارسی قدیم حرف »ها« حرف تعریف بوده است مثل‬
‫»همدان«»هاگمتان« »هااکباتان« والبرز که »هالبرز« بوده است اما به‬
‫مرور زمان حرف تعریف از فارسی افتاده )در زبان عبری هنوز هم‬
 ‫( یعنی‬ ‫»ها« به عنوان حرف تعریف است مثل )‬
‫سرزمین‪(.‬بنابراین »هخ« تبدیل شده به »اخ« که در اصل معنی آن ‪:‬‬
‫یار‪/‬یاور‪/‬کمک‪/‬همراه‪/‬پشتیبان‪/‬همگام و غیره بوده است و کم کم به‬
‫معنی برادر امروزی تبدیل شده است )در قرآن مجید نیز این کلمه و‬
‫مشتقات آن ‪ 97‬بار تکرار شده است‪ .‬که معروف ترین آن در سوره‬
‫)یوسف)‪(12‬آیه ‪ 63‬است‪)(.‬رک نام های پارسی چاپ هند ص ‪156‬‬
‫مونث اخ‪/‬در فارسی به معنی »الفت ونزدیکی زیاد است«‬ ‫اخت‬
‫)همدم‪/‬همخو‪/‬مونس‪.‬در عربی امروزی به معنی خواهر است‪).‬نگا‪ .‬اخ‬
‫این کلمه از طریق زبان ترکی وارد زبان عربی شده‪.‬در عربی امروز‬ ‫ادبخانه‬
‫به معنی آبریز گاه‪،‬مستراح وتوالت به کار می رود‬
‫)جمع اریکه؛ در فارسی به معنی تخت پادشاهی است‪).‬نگا‪ .‬اریکه‬ ‫ارائک‬
‫عربی شدِه ارمون‪،‬به معنی بیعانه‪،‬پیش بها‪،‬پولی که پیش از شروع به‬ ‫اربون‬
‫‪.‬کار به کارگر و یا کارخانه و غیره میدهند‬
‫عربی شده ارغوان ‪ ،‬به معنی زرشکی رنگ‪.‬در فارسی ارغوانی‬ ‫ارجوان‬
‫‪.‬وارجوانی ‪)،‬تلفظ عربی آن( هم می گویند‬
‫از گردابه فارسی می آید‪.‬در عربی امروز بیشتر به معنی جای جمع‬ ‫اردبه‬
‫‪.‬شدن آب ‪/‬چاهک مستراح‪/‬چاه فاضلب و غیره به کار می رود‬
‫ظاهرًا با »ارزن« فارسی اشتراک اسمی و ریشه ای دارد در عربی امروز‬ ‫ارز‬
‫( به برنج‬ ‫و حتی اسپانیایی و برخی زبان های دیگر دنیا ارز)‬
‫خوراکی گفته می شود‪.‬ولی اصل لغت و کشف اولیِه این دانه ارزشمند در‬
‫ایران بوده است‪.‬بنا براین اسم »ارز«و »ارزن« و غیره در همان رابطه‬
‫که همان تلفظ دیگر» ارز «است به کار می‬ ‫بوده است‪).‬در انگلیسی‬
‫)رود‬
‫از کلمه ارغنون فارسی که یکی از آلت معروف موسیقی است ‪،‬آمده‬ ‫ارغن‬
‫است‪.‬ارگ نیز از همین کلمه گرفته شده است و مخفف آن می باشد‪).‬در‬
‫می گویند‬ ‫)انگلیسی‬
‫)تلفظ عربی »ارغنون« است‪).‬نگا‪ .‬ارغن و ارغنون‬ ‫ارغول‬
‫از همان اریکه فارسی به معنی تخت پادشاهی‬ ‫اریکه‬
‫است‪/.‬اورنگ‪/‬سریر‪/‬جایگاه سلطنتی‪/‬بلند گاه‪ .‬جمع اریکه در عربی‬
‫»ارائک« است که درقرآن مجژد نیزدر آیه ‪ 31‬سوره کهف)‪ (18‬آمده‬
‫است‬
 ‫( به معنی‬ ‫به وزن »زشت« از لغت فارسی »استو« )‬ ‫استِ‬
‫ل بیشتر به معنی‬
‫‪:‬بدن‪،‬تن‪،‬جسم‪،‬حثه‪،‬جرثومه و ‪...‬است‪ .‬ولی فع ً‬
‫»کپل« ‪»،‬نشیمنگاه«و »سرین«به کار می رود ‪ .‬در عربی امروز هم‬
‫‪.‬دقیقًا به همین معنا است‬