First aid

compilation
What is first Aid?
Is an immediate care given to a person who has
been injured or suddenly taken ill.

General objective’s of First Aid

To alleviate suffering
To prolong life
To prevent added/ further injury

Different kinds of injuries and the procedure on how to

give first aid said injuries:
Minor burns
Procedure

 Take the person away from the source of burning and let
the airway of the victim be open.
 You can remove the parts of the clothing stuck to the body
after burning, but not the ones that are difficult removing
off.
 Cover the body with a clean cloth loosely around the body.
 Control the bleeding by applying light pressure taking care
not to scratch or rub the burnt parts
 Attend to the victim till any medical help arrives.
 In the case of a chemical burn, brush off any dry chemical
powder on the body. Then wash the body with clean water
for 20 minutes at least or until the medical help arrives.

Snake bites
Procedure

1. Safety first! Get away from the snake. That's probably why

it bit in the first place. Follow universal and wear personal
protective equipment if you have it.
2. Call 911 immediately! Waiting until the pain may lead to
permanent tissue damage. Remember that calling 911 on a
cell phone is different than a regular phone.
3. Do not elevate. Keep the bite below the level of the heart.

4. Wash the area with warm water and soap.

5. Remove constricting clothing and jewelry from the

extremity. The area may swell and constricting items will
cause tissue death.

6. If the snake is an elapid species (coral snakes and cobras),

wrap the extremity with an elastic pressure bandage. Start
from the point closest to the heart and wrap towards the
fingers or toes. Continue to keep the bite lower than the
heart.

7. Follow the basics of first aid while waiting for responders

to arrive. Be especially concerned about the potential
for shock.

Sprain
Procedure

Step 1:  Recognize a sprain

Aside from the usual cry of pain, a sprain may be

distinguished by several in the affected area.  Severe sprains
cause torn ligaments, which will lead to the swelling of the
area.  Bruises may also be seen in the area. while the affected
joint may also be difficult to move.
Warning:  Broken bones will also cause swelling, so it is
important to be aware on how to properly assess common
injuries like these.
 Step 2:  Follow P-R-I-C-E.

P-R-I-C-E is the recommended way to treat sprains.  P means

to protect the area from further injuries.  R stands for rest the
affected area. As much as possible, do not use the affected
joint.  In case that you really have to use it, do not make it bear
as much weight as possible.  I mean ice.  Use it to alleviate the
pain and the swelling. You can use clean ice packs or ice bags
on the affected area.  C stands for compress the area by using
clean bandages.  Finally, E means elevate the affected joint to
control the flow to the area, limiting the swelling. This can be
done by lying down and rest the affected area above the rest of
your body.

Minor wounds
Procedure

1.     Clean the wound.

2.     Apply an OTC antibiotic ointment/cream

and a first-aid antiseptic solution (antiseptics are
sometimes optional).     

3.     Use an appropriate dressing to cover the site.

To clean your wound, the best thing to use is

a normal saline (sodium chloride 0.9%)
solution.  You can simply pour it over the wound
or use a blue bulb (most commonly found in the
baby section of a store) for gentle
cleansing. Wound Wash Saline is a normal saline
 spray that comes in a can and is used to clean
wounds (it is found in most drugstores).

Severe bleeding
Procedure

1. If possible, have the bleeding person lie down and position his or her head so
that it is slightly lower than the trunk. Also, try to elevate his or her legs. Taking
these measures will help to increase blood flow to the brain, which will decrease
the chance of fainting.
2. If possible, elevate the body part that is bleeding. Doing so will reduce blood
loss because the heart will have to work against gravity to pump blood to the
injured area.
3. Remove large chunks of dirt and other debris from the wound, but if there is an
impaled object, do not touch it.
4. Apply firm and direct pressure to the wound. In order of preference, use a
sterile bandage, a clean cloth, clothing, or your hand to apply pressure.
5. Do not stop applying firm and direct pressure to the wound until the bleeding
stops. When it does stop, use adhesive tape or clothing to secure the dressing
(whatever you used) in place against the wound.
6. If the bleeding does stop and starts to seep through whatever you are using to
apply pressure to it, do not remove whatever you are using. Rather, apply new
absorbent material on top of it.
7. Once the bleeding has stopped, do your best to immobilize the injured area and
leave everything as it is until professional treatment becomes available.

Bone dislocation
 Procedure
Remember if there was any trauma to your tailbone region.
Tailbone dislocations sometimes occur because of blunt force that
caused an injury at that location. Examples include falling on the
tailbone (a fall onto the coccyx), sprains and similar injuries. Make a
note of when the tailbone injury occurred and how it happened.
Realize that sometimes even minor trauma or prolonged sitting may
be all that can be recalled prior to the start of the tailbone pain.

See a physician. Tell the doctor about your tailbone symptoms. Ask
the doctor to perform a careful physical examination that should
specifically include checking to see if the pain is really coming from
the tailbone are not. The doctor should know where the tailbone is
and ideally should be able to tell you if that is your most tender spot
or not.
Understand that relying solely on the symptoms and physical exam
will rarely ever be able to confirm whether the tailbone is
dislocated. Some injuries cause lots of tailbone pain and the coccyx
region clearly shows that the overlying skin is bruised, but there
may be no dislocation at all. Other tailbone injuries may hurt less
and have less visible bruising, but may indeed have a tailbone
dislocation. Thus, medical imaging studies are almost always
needed to make a confident diagnosis of tailbone dislocation.

Artificial Resuscitation
What is Cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a combination of rescue
breathing and chest compressions delivered to victims thought to
be in cardiac arrest.  When cardiac arrest occurs, the heart stops
pumping blood.  CPR can support a small amount of blood flow
to the heart and brain to “buy time” until normal heart function
is restored. 
Cardiac arrest is often caused by an abnormal heart rhythm
called ventricular fibrillation (VF).  When VF develops, the
heart quivers and doesn't pump blood. The victim in VF cardiac
arrest needs CPR and delivery of a shock to the heart, called
defibrillation.  Defibrillation eliminates the abnormal VF heart
rhythm and allows the normal rhythm to resume.  Defibrillation
is not effective for all forms of cardiac arrest but it is effective to
treat VF, the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest.

Procedure

Assess responsiveness.
If unresponsive, assess breathing
Open airway using either the head tilt/chin-lift maneuver
(medical patient)
Or modified jaw thrust maneuver (trauma
Patient) to achieve a neutral position.
If spinal injury is possible, have a
Second rescuer maintain manual spinal
Stabilization.
Remove any obvious obstructions,
such as loose teeth or vomits.
Then do the cardiopulmonary resuscitation

What is mouth to mouth resuscitation?

  an emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac
massage and artificial respiration; the first treatment for a
person who has collapsed and has no pulse and has
stopped breathing; attempts to restore circulation of the
blood and prevent death or brain damage due to lack of
oxygen
Procedure

1. Lift victim’s neck and extend the head with your other hand
to open air passage. Pull chin upward. Pinch off the nostrils to
close and prevent air leakage when inflating lungs.
2. Place your mouth firmly over the victim’s mouth (for a
small child, place over both nose and mouth); blow hard until
his chest rises (infants and small children need only small
puffs of air).
3. Disengage and let victim exhale through mouth or nose.
Continue blowing once every 5 seconds (for small children,
once every 3 seconds) until the victim begins breathing on his
own or until the ambulance arrives

One-man carry

 Lay down the victim

 Hold the victim’s feet together
  Pull him to a safe place

Body drag

 Lay down the victim with his hand on the top of his
body

 Hold the victim by the armpit

 Pull the victim carefully

Collar drag

 Lay down the victim

 Hold the collar of his/her clothes
 Pull the victim carefully

Blanket drag

 Fold about two-thirds of the blanket.

 Place the victim on the blanket
 Pull the blanket

Carry in arms or Lover’s carry

 This method is use when the victim cannot walk
One-man carry

 Lay down the victim

 Hold the victim’s feet together
 Pull him to a safe place