Enciclopedia of Kenpo

EI\ICYCLOPEDIA OF KEI\IPO
ED PARKERI§
Books authored by Ed Parker: • Kenpo Karate - Law of the Fist and the Empty Hand • Secrets of Chinese Karate • Ed Parker's Basic Booklet • A Woman's Guide to Self Defense • Ed Parker's Guide to the Nunchaku • Inside Elvis • Infinite Insights into Kenpo Volume 1 Mental & Physical Stimulation • Infinite Insights into Kenpo Volume 2 Physical Analyzation I • Infinite Insights into Kenpo Volume 3 Physical Analyzation II • Infinite Insights into Kenpo Volume 4 Mental & Physical Constituents • Infinite Insights into Kenpo Volume 5 Mental & Physical Application • The Zen of Kenpo Meaningful Quotes from the Teachings of Ed Parker • Ed Parker's Kenpo - Belt Manuals Version 1.0 & 2.0 • Ed Parker's Encyclopedia of Kenpo
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KENPO
V E R S ION 1,0
developed and written by
ED PARKER'§
Ed Porker. Sr.
1~ItBt!lIl!
PUBLICATIONS
All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 1992 by Delsby Publications NO Part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recordings, video, film, or any information storage and retrieval system without written permission of the publishers. Inquiries should be addressed to DELSBYPublications, P.O. Box 595, South Pasadena, California 91030 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Parker, Edmund K., Sr. Data
Ed Parker's Encyclopedia of Kenpo version 1.0

Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Pending First Printing August, 1992 ISBN 0-910293-12-0 ISBN 0-910293-13-9 (SOFT COVER) (HARD COVER)
Edited by
Dave Rolph
Production, Photography, Illustrations, Cover and Book Design by

Ed Parker, Jr.
(WJe~fII
PUBLICATIONS
DELSBY PUBLICATIONS Pasadena, California
TablE! o"f ContE!nts

DEDICATION vi vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PREFACE viii INTRODUCTION ix
A
B C
-1
- 16 -23
-38
-46
E
F G
H I
-50 -58
- 61 -66
J K L
M N
-69 - 70 - 73 -77
-84
-100 R - 101 S -106 T - 120 U - 130 V -133 W -134 XYZ - 140 NOTES xi INDEX xiii
P Q
-86 -89
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Table of Contents
vi
Dedication
In loving
memory of a great man, we'll remember you ...
Dedication
----------------------------~
vii
Ackno""ledglDen1:§
The task of this book has been monumentous, of love. Well over 30 years were spent upon the development dream of the late Ed Parker. Now a reality come true. however it had truly been a labor of this book, a true accomplished
The Ed Parker Estate, would like to express our deepest gratitude to the following people for their assistance with the completion of this book. Thank you, Skip Hancock (what could we have done without you?), and David Sites, for the many hours invested in editing this text and to Dave Rolph for this finished version. Thank you, Charles Gonzales and Castle Lithograph for providing professional printing and extended deadlines. Also thanks goes to Tommy Chavies for all your sleepless nights and dedicated loyalty, not to mention our wonderful production and photo staff Sheri, Larry and Woody, plus our diligent Kenpo models Tommy Chavies, Sean C. Hill, William Kongaika, Tina Martin, Scott Masterson, Tori Norton, Harry Sanders and Chris Woodhouse. Appreciation to Miles Nishi, Aldo Mantano, Robin Woodhouse, Beth Parker Uale, Silvia Parker and Niel Chadwick for last minute assistance. A final thank you to the many individuals who have assisted in this endeavor and were not listed but are greatly appreciated. We could not have finished this publication without you!
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Acknowledgments
viii
Pret=ace
his material was created and written by the late Edmund Kealoha Parker, Sr., Senior Grandmaster and founder of American Kenpo Karate. Mr. Parker was called the "Father of American Karate" and spent over 40 years in the Martial Arts. A true legend in his own time, Mr. Parker's genius and accomplishments were known worldwide by hundreds of thousands of students, instructors, followers and admirers. On December IS, 1990, in Honolulu Hawaii, Mr. Parker sadly passed away at the untimely age of 59. Prior to his death, Mr. Parker had upgraded, categorized, labeled and defined, movements, concepts, principles and terminology pertaining to American Kenpo. These insights and discoveries may also be applied to other Martial Arts Systems as well. For centuries these movements were left undefined, and were sometimes referred to as "secrets" and or "chi." However, Mr. Parker saw the need to analyze and define motion. His discoveries aid many individuals to find within themselves tremendous speed, power and spectacular results from defensive as well as offensive moves. The success stories resulting from Mr. Parker's monumental work are seemingly endless. American Kenpo was invented by Mr. Parker, however he was never found to refer to Kenpo as "his" art but rather "our" art. He always treated it as an entity that grew steadily as a result of peoples' interest in it. As American Kenpo grew, Mr. Parker not only fed his own insights into Kenpo, but his students' as well. He was drawn to perpetuate the Art and encouraged others to do the same. Keeping an open mind is the only way that the Art can grow. As you read Mr. Parker's writings be mindful that these definitions can be interpreted in many ways. Just as "light" can refer to either "minimal weight" or "illumination", so must you search for other meanings contained within these writings. The terminology found within this book is not cast in cement, but is a guideline to aid practitioners to gain maximum efficiency from their training. It is also a beginning for American Kenpo, not an ending; and this why this book is referred to as version 1.0. Hopefully in the future, as Kenpo grows, there will be space for new versions of this publication. A NOTES section is included within this book to encourage defining new terminology. Working with my father throughout the years I experienced so many insights. I remember him once saying "you know son, after all the years I've spent working with Kenpo, I finally realize that what I know is nothing compared to what there is to learn." I saw him reach a new level of awareness. Ed Parker was a student to the very end. May we all share in boundless thirst for knowledge, as we continue his work, and study his teachings. perpetuating On behalf of the Parker family we wish you much success learning, teaching and the values found within Kenpo. Most of all enjoy our father's work.
~#
Preface
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----------------Introduction
From my first day of training
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ix
I was fascinated by Kenpo, its unique nature keeping my curiosity aroused, and whetting my appetite for further knowledge. Examining the contents of each lesson, I was intrigued with the what, how, and why of it all. As I analyzed what I was taught, I became aware of the personal pros and cons of each of the moves. It was obvious that tailoring the moves to an individual's requirements made the difference between those moves being applicable, or not. Each lesson increased my knowledge of motion, and the many facets that made up the total structure. While I approved of what I was learning, I disapproved of the arbitrary sequential order of executing those moves. Because I was interested in employing logic to what I was doing, I disapproved of the ineffectual employment of motion which I felt could invite unwanted problems. The more I pursued Kenpo knowledge, the more I became dissatisfied with conventional answers. As I dissected motion, I reaffirmed my belief that logic was the key ingredient influencing consistent and organized methods of study. Through structuring my work like medical and other scientific disciplines, J achieved greater clarity, and the ability to continually modify and update my newly discovered concepts, theories, and principles. After years of experimenting, discovering, teaching, and sharing, my efforts have culminated in a distinctive method of converting verbal language into physical language. I try to personalize the lessons through the use of analogies, sayings, and short stories, making real for most students what are often "too technical" descriptions. After considering the techniques and principles in light of their own experience, students achieve a greater understanding of Kenpo and what its applications mean for them. Kenpo's scientific structuring and its personalized teaching methods have allowed it to expand unilaterally. This expansion has resulted not only in a generation of new concepts, but in a new and equally growing vocabulary as well. I have tried to develop the terminology of Kenpo utilizing the same methods with which I teach. Drawing from the same well as other scholars, I have attempted to personalize the terminology by using words that have universally pictorial connotations (Anchoring, Begging Hands, Web of Knowledge, etc.). Once visualized, the concepts are more easily understood physically. As these terms, definitions, and applications are absorbed on a visual and physical plane, through diligent practice they become ingrained, and the students response becomes instinctive and extemporaneous. I admonish you to study the contents of this book, and make learning a delightful experience. Allow Kenpo to be your second language if you are not already bi-lingual. Master the Kenpo language, and expand your knowledge beyond your expectations. Most importantly, remember that this language of motion, once physically ingrained, and internalized, can save your life.
- Ed Parker, Sr.
Introduction
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•••
The Encgclopedia
IAI
ACCELERATED MOVES - (1) Moves that are advanced in context. These moves
are taught to the more adept, who soon learn to apply them with precision and sophistication. (2) Rapid moves that gain momentum with each additional move.
ACCU MU LATE0 FORCE - The amassing of diverse sources of power which, when
properly synchronized, tionate effectiveness. produce an accumulative solitary force of propor-
ACCUMULATIVE JOURNAL - An extensive notebook comprised of information

on history, basics, descriptions of self-defense techniques as well as forms, terminology, anatomy, pledges, etc. The contents are authored by Ed Parker and are extremely helpful to progress-minded students who are anxious to sophisticate their knowledge of Kenpo.
ACTIVE CHI OR KI - The harmonious unification of the conscious and subconscious minds, synchronized with physical movement and proper breathing, to achieve overpowering feats. This method of achieving power is predominant among athletes, actors, dancers, and singers.
ACTOR - Tournament
competition.
slang for one who fakes injury during freestyle or sparring
ADD - The inclusion of a move prior to or after a base move has been executed; or
the inclusion of one or more moves inserted intermittently or sporadically throughout a technique sequence. See PRE-FIX, SUFFIX, HIDDEN MOVES, INSERT, COMPOUNDING A TECHNIQUE and other related terms.
ADJUST - (1) The ability to alter, modify, adapt, or tailor our torso and limbs to a
more suitable, operative, effective, and relevant position. (2) In the FORMULATION phase of Kenpo, adjust is a by-product of altering, whereby you can adjust the range (which affects depth), adjust the angle of execution (which affects width and height), and adjust both angle of execution and range (simultaneously).
• •• A
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KENPO ADVANCE(D) - (1) To move forward toward an opponent.

and improvement in the Martial Arts. (2) Progressive
development
ADVANCED MOVES - Sophisticated moves that require greater skill to perform.

They are much more technical and thought-provoking. often interchangeable with ACCELERATED MOVES. It is a term that is
AGGRESSIVE OFFENSE- (1) The activation of the first attacking move without
your opponent being aware of it. (2) An example of one of the three definitions that can be applied when executing an upward block.
AGGRESSOR - One who initiates an ~

unprovoked attack.
AGILITY - The development
of sufficient flexibility, coordination and strength, such that when executing defensive and offensive movements, they may be performed skillfully and easily.
AIKIDO - A sophisticated
form of Jiu-Jitsu employing circular movements to disrupt an opponent's balance by continuously redirecting the force of the aggressor. Included in the movements are throws, locks, twists, and strikes to joints and pressure points. so that it will follow a direct course of action when propelled toward the selected target. Depend---~ ~----
AIMING-
(l) The pointing ofa weapon (natural or man-made)
A···
------
••• 3
ing on the intended target and the weapon to be used, other parts of the body may be selected as guides in giving proper aim when executing a chosen weapon. As an example, the knee maybe directed to an opponent's chin just prior to your executing a front thrust ball kick. The knee, in this case, when properly aligned, can insure the accuracy of the front thrust ball kick. (2) Use of CONTOURING to help improve your accuracy. See CONTOUR GUIDANCE.
AIRBORNE - To move, using air space, to either escape or

attack an opponent. jumping, or diving. This can be done by leaping,
AIRBORNE TECHNIQUES - Techniques delivered while

in the air. Such moves are activated after a leap or jump in the air has been initiated.
ALIGNMENT - The precise adjustment
of our torso and limbs so that they are arranged in direct line with each other for the purpose of utilizing total body mass. Refer to BODY ~ ALIGNMENT and BACK-UP MASS for additional clarification.
ALPHABETOF MOTION - Each move learned, whether used

defensively, offensively, or for both purposes, constitutes a letter in the ALPHABET OF MOTION.
ALTER- To vary a weapon and/or target within a technique

sequence.
AMBIDEXTROUS - The ability to perform with equal agility

on either side of the body (right or left).
AMERICAN KENPO - (1) An updated and all-inclusive version of Kenpo, based

on logic and practicality, that has been designed to cope with the mode of fighting prevalent on our streets today. (2) A term commandeered by, and credited to Ed Parker.
AMPLIFICATION - Conversion
of a move in a technique sequence from an offensive to a defensive application, or vice versa, without disrupting the continuous flow of action.
ANALOGY OF APPENDIX/DICTIONARY/ENCYCLOPEDIA
used to distinguish
- This analogy is ••• A
and explain Kenpo forms and sets. Kenpo practitioners
4 •••
are instructed that all forms up to Short Form Three (Long and Short Forms One and Two) are comparable to the dictionary, whereby movements in the form can be defined. Short Form Three and above are compared to an encyclopedia. In these forms the movements are not only defined, but explained as well. Sets (Coordination, Stance, Blocking, Finger, Kicking, etc.) are considered appendices in that they are supplementary catalogues of motion that add to the general knowledge of a Kenpo student.
ANALOGY OF BUMPER/TRUCK - To some, FOCUS is when all sources of power

have been conveyed to the weapon itself so that when contact is made it is only the weapon, like a projectile, and the target that are in FOCUS with each other. In Kenpo, however, FOCUS is the concentration of mind, body, breath and strength culminating at the exact instant when blocking or striking a specific target. It isn't just the mass of the natural weapon as it strikes the target, but rather the entire mass of the body synchronized with, and enhancing that natural weapon, that maximizes power. Stated simply, the entire body, not just the weapon, must be in FOCUS with the target to fully utilize mass. The mass of the natural weapon does start off independent of body mass, but developing velocity, it culminates upon impact with the other elements. Mass takes in the entire body, and not just a portion of it. Using a ten ton truck as an analogy, it is not the bumper of the truck that is in FOCUS with the wall when striking it at forty miles an hour, but the entire mass of the truck.
(1) It is not the arm (bumper) alone thatcauses an effective strike, (2)
but the back up mass of the body (Truck)as well as the arm.
A···
••• 5 ANALOGY OF FASTLUNCH/WEEK-END DINNER - This analogy explains the

procedure used in jamming the depth zones of your opponent. It teaches you to first strike the targets closest to you, and then proceed toward the major targets of your opponent. These strikes not only injure, they become automatic checks which keep your opponent from retaliating. As your strikes work their way toward your opponent they are compared to having (1) a simple lunch where you eat a sandwich and drink a coke, (2) or to the rituals of a week-end dinner. If you were overly anxious to strike a major target such as your opponent's face, stomach, or ribs you would be guilty of trying to immediately go for a main dish. This type of strategy usually entails your going over, under, or around an opponent's defense to get to your main target or dish. This can be dangerous since your opponent can strike you on your way in, and get a sandwich (1) Appetizer/coke (finger break, etc.), (2) out of you, so to speak. Striking and salad/sandwich (Instep and/or knee break), (3) vegetables (elbow sprain or break), (4) rice jamming the closest targets, and then pilaf (nose or eye rupture), (5) steak & lobster proceeding to the furthest targets from (rib break & testicle rupture, (6) desert (buckle), you can be compared to the procedures (7) after dinner mint (check please). followed when having a week-end dinner. The first strike and jam could be paralleled to a cocktail, the second to a salad, the third to a bowl of soup, the fourth to the main dish, and the fifth to dessert as you cover out.
ANALOGY OF JETAIRCRAFT/AIRCRAFT CARRIER- This analogy parallels the principles

involved in LAUNCHING a jet aircraft from the deck of an aircraft carrier and those involved in the execution of a punch. The fist is compared to an aircraft, and the legs to a catapult. When harmoniously employed, the two forces (punch and leg shuffle) not only maximize power, they allow the opposite hand to act as a check. Use of this principle triggers the BLACK-DOT-FOCUS concept. See PLANE THEORY and CATAPULT(ING).
• •• A
6 •••
ANALOGY OF NOTESIN MUSIC - Acomparative study of music and the Martial

Arts will show that both are founded on basics. In music, the audible note is the underlying basic, while in the martial arts it is the physical move that plays that elemental role. In order to distinguish one note from another in music, notes are placed on a staff consisting of five parallel lines and the spaces between them. When these notes are written on the lines and in the spaces, they represent sounds or pitches that are identified by using the first seven letters of the alphabet. After the seventh note, they are repeated over
again in regular succession, starting with the first note. The moves in the Martial Arts are similarly distinguishable. When the upper limbs are employed, those moves are labeled as blocks, punches, chops, strikes, pokes, etc. If the lower limbs are employed, their moves are called kicks and stomps. While notes vary in pitch ranging from low to high, depending on the desired musical effect, likewise, lower targets call for movements utilizing the leg weapons; higher targets normally require moves utilizing the arms. In principle, then, we can say that we have low pitch weapons (moves) and high pitch weapons (moves), as music has high and low pitch notes. Further, notes can be altered by sharps and flats. A sharp raises a note one-half step, while a flat lowers a note one-half step. A similar comparison could be made when altering the type of natural weapon employed. If a knife-edged chop (sharp portion of the hand) was used as a weapon, it would raise or increase the amount of damage to a target, while the back of the hand (flat portion of the hand) would lower, or decrease the amount of damage.
ANALOGY OF PRINT/SCRIPT/SHORTHAND - This analogy best explains the

types of movements that exist when practicing the martial arts. Here, students are made to see how motion can be compared to the three methods used when writing our language: print, script (cursive), and shorthand.
Printing employs circles, as well as curved and straight lines which parallel, and/or join each other at various points, but always break away to form
A···
••• 7
individual letters. Such writing requires stopping one action before starting another. This stopping and starting action utilizes movements that lose time. Printed motion is predominant among Japanese and Korean stylists. Script (cursive), on the other hand, flows from one letter to the next, taking less time to write. This is true because script combines the straight and circular lines of the individual letters and then connects them on a continuous line that breaks only when an entire word is completed. Even though the lines in script often retrace their paths, one stroke does not have to stop before another begins. The flow is continuous, and the speed enhanced. Motion related to script can be found most often among Chinese and Kenpo stylists. In shorthand you have combinations of printing and script writing. These symbolic characters have been condensed in length and space, and their meaning increased. A few pen strokes or simple characters may have lengthy meanings. Likewise, in the Art, one punch may have two or more effects. It may change an offense to a defense, and then back to an offense again, or vice versa. Kenpo stylists, in addition to favoring motions related to script, enjoy employing shorthand motion.
ANALOGY OF SOLID/LIQUID/GAS - This analogy is used to help students

understand motion from a different perspective. It compares motion with the three states of water (H20) - solid (ice), liquid, and gas (steam). Movements that are rigid and powerful can be compared to ice. They are solid in their execution. Those moves that flow like script writing can be compared to liquid, which not only flows, but seeks its own level. Moves that are simultaneously executed in several directions can be compared to the gaseous state of H20. Water in its gaseous state seeks its volume. Likewise, moves that simultaneously seek their range in several directions can be considered to be the gaseous state of motion.
ANALOGY OF SQUEEGEE - This ~

analogy teaches you to parallel your moves with that of a squeegee. This principle allows you to simultaneously use upper and lower case movements, while retracing a path of motion. Retracing a path of motion affords you greater margin for error; therefore, it is much more logical to employ in terms of safety. Refer to SQUEEGEE PRINCIPLE.
• •• A
8 •••
ANALOGY OF TEAKETTLEThis analogy asks you to parallel your breathing with the process in a tea kettle, where heated water is converted to steam, and then forced to travel through a small opening or spout. The result is a more intense and better focused release of energy. This principle teaches that when steam or air is condensed, the force is greater. In a similar manner, condensed breathing, like condensed steam under pressure, proportionately increases the force rendered. Refer to TEA KETTLE PRINCIPLE.
ANATOMICAL
POSITIONING
- The calculated
striking, forcing, or controlling of vital targets which will force an opponent into preconceived postural positions, and make the next anticipated target readily accessible for a follow-up.
ANATOMICAL WEAK POINTS - Essential

body parts such as: the (1) temple, (2) throat, (3) mastoid, cervical spine, (4) solar plexus, kidney, (5) heart, (6) groin, (7) knee and others, which when struck can render an opponent helpless, or affect him fatally. See TAR- Ltlt GETS and VITAL AREAS.
ifJJI
ANATOMY - The study of the human body
~ structure, which aids in determining the vital striking areas on an opponent, as well as determining those body parts which could be readily used as natural weapons or defenses.
ANCHOR - To weigh down the elbow or buttocks for

better leverage, coverage, or control. For example, the elbow is firmly fixed at a much lower level than the fist when executing an inward block. This principle, when applied, gives better bracing angle, more force, and allows a greater margin for error, in that it gives one greater protection.
AND - A word in the Kenpo vocabulary that causes one to employ one or more
wasted beats (counts). This practice is eliminated by the more adept, as it involves wasted time and, therefore, is contradictory to ECONOMY OF MOTION. In Kenpo one does not allow the word "and" between strikes, but the word "with". As one strike is delivered, it is coupled "with" another. The term "with" does not imply an extra beat, as does the term "and".
••• 9
ANGLE - (1) A specific degree of approach which one follows when delivering a
weapon (natural or man-made) to a target. A specific viewpoint from which you or your opponent can be observed. (2) The direction and degree needed in having the surfaces of two planes (natural or man-made weapon, and target) meet.
ANGLE ALIGNMENT - The ability to adjust the path of your impending strike into
proper perspective and approach.
ANGLE(S) OF ATTACK - The eight major directions from which you or an

opponent can attack or defend.
ANGLE OF CANCELLATION - A controlled angle which places an opponent in

a precarious position, thus minimizing or even nullifying the use of his weapons. Prior to control, the angle could be created by directly meeting the
Cancelled
width
Cancelled
hight & width
Cancelled
hight, width & depth
force, employing total collision, or triggered by a partial angle of deflection by either meeting or riding the force.
------------------------------
•••
10 ••• ANGLE OF CONTACT - Any angle which when delivering an offense or defense,
produces the most desired effect. In some cases, a delivery may produce a dual effect. Exact or true right angle contact is not necessarily involved in the execution of these types of moves.
ANGLE OF DEFLECTION - (1) That increased angle caused by a block, parry or

otherwise, which widely gaps the weapon from the target. (2) The concept that the sooner you meet point "X" (the point of contact) the greater point
"Y" (the distance of your opponent's weapon from you) will be. The concept is lito beat action, meet it." It is always bestto meet your opponent's attacking weapon at a distance from you. The further the point of contact (point "X") is from you, the greater the miss (point "Y") will be from your face or body.
ANGLE OF DELIVERY - The position from which one's natural weapons may be
executed with accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness.
~--------~
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--------------
•••
11
ANGLE OF DEPARTURE- The most desired angle of escape when fading back or
covering out and away from an opponent.
(1) Desired angle
(2) Departs to zone of sanctuary

phrase to best describe ANGLE OF
ANGLE OF DESIRED POSITIONING-Another

EFFICIENCY.
ANGLE OF DEVIATION - Securing the most desired angle when getting out of the
line of attack, but allowing that same angle to enhance your own angle of attack or execution.
---
__
----_
••• A
12 •••
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KEN PO ANGLE OF DISTURBANCE - That angle which, when

a move is executed, does not necessarily injure, but rather upsets an opponent's balance.
ANGLE OF EFFICIENCY - Refers to (1) the positioning of your feet and/or body
whereby the alternatives in terms of weapon availability are increased proportionately; (2) The positioning of one's body to make a particular attack more operative or effective.
Impact adjustment
ANGLE OF ENTRY - Any degree, or path (angle) of approach, whether linear or

circular in execution, that allows you or your opponent access to specific targets. The path of approach can be executed horizontally, diagonally or vertically from any direction.
ANGLE OF ENTRYVS. LINE OF ENTRY- ANGLE OF ENTRYis any degree, orpath

(angle) of approach, whether linear or circular in execution, that allows you or your opponent access to specific targets. The path of approach can be executed horizontally, diagonally or vertically from any direction. LINE OF
•••
13
ENTRYdemands a specific path and direction of entry. It is that line or path of penetration that allows you or your opponent access to targets via vertical ascension or descension. The weapon may be executed vertical1y upward or downward depending on whether you or your opponent are standing or in a prone position. To thwart your opponent's efforts you may (depending on your lead leg and how it is matched with that of your opponent's lead leg) be (1) on the line of entry, (2) on top of the line of entry (on top of your opponent's foot), (3) inside of the line of entry, or (4) over the line of entry.
ANGLE OF EXECUTION - Any angle which, when an attack is executed, produces

maximum results. Refer to ANGLE OF CONTACT.
ANGLE OF GREATESTMOVEMENT - That body position which enables one to

move rapidly, easily, and without hesitation.
ANGLE OF INCIDENCE - The angle at which a

weapon, when delivered, strikes perpendicular or at a right angle to the target or surface intended, to bring about maximum results.
ANGLE MATCHING
method of CONTOURING employing the principle of COMPLIMENTARY ANGLE, MIRROR, SILHOUETTING, or REVERSEMIRROR IMAGE. See SYMMETRICAL. See MATCHING COUNTER.
- A non-contact
ANGLE OF MOBILITY - Any degree, or path of approach void of encumbrances.
ANGLE OF NO RETURN- Refers to the position and

angle of the upper body (and hips) while delivering a front step through kick, punch, or other striking methods (utilizing forward motion), that makes it awkward, difficult and illogical to return to your starting position. Because of the awkwardness and the time needed to return to your original position, exposure of your vital areas would work in your opponent's favor and cause you to be unable, under certain conditions, to render an immediate counter.
ANGLE OF RETURN- The position and angle of the upper body (and hips) while
delivering a kick or punch at which it is feasible for you to return to your original or starting position without difficulty.
14 ••• ANGLE OF OBSCURITY - Achieving the proper angle so as to conceal the weapon
you plan to use. A prime example can be found when employing the DEAD MOTION PRINCIPLE, where one arm is hidden by another to give the illusion that nothing is happening until it does happen.
ANGLE OF OPPORTUNITY - An angle which, when taking advantage of any and

all of the" angle" classifications, and/or intended. results in the success of the effects desired
ANGLE OF PROTECTION - The positioning of your body to give you maximum

shield against anticipated strikes.
ANGLING
on a straight line when bridging the distance between you and your opponent. Angles other than a straight, head-on approach are used instead.
THE GAP - Abstaining from approaching
ANGULAR ATTACK - Any attack void of a straight, head-on approach, and that
exclude frontal attacks that are horizontal in nature.
ANGULAR AVOIDANCE
- Awareness of the many angles of attack, other than
a straight, head-on, frontal attack; this knowledge allows you the opportunity to withdraw or prevent attacks that may stem from such angles.
ANGULAR STRATEGY - The ability to devise or employ specific attacks from any
angle, other than a straight line, so that an encounter leaves you with advantageous conditions. with your opponent
ANGULAR
VERSATILITY - The available
number of angles from which a weapon, natural or otherwise, can be effective at close range. The usefulness of any weapon, natural or otherwise, rests with the number of angles from which it can be effectively used, and it's distance from the target. An excellent example is the effective use of a knife at close range compared to the use of a gun. To grab a knife at close range would be illogical, since it could cut in any direction from which you might attempt to grab it. Given a close proximity, you would have a better chance to control a gun. This is
•••
15
true because you could more safely grab the gun, and keep the line of fire away from you at all times. Its not the gun, but the bullet that you should be concerned with.
ANTICIPATE - To monitor action in advance, which results in predicting your

opponent's intended moves. foresee, and
ANTICIPATED VARIABLES - The ability to envision, contemplate,

activate instant solutions to altered predicaments.
APEX - Highest (uppermost) point of any circle or line. Again, depending upon
your point of view, it could be the furthest point of the circle.
APEX OF A CIRCLE - Same as APEX. APPRENTICE BLACK BELT- One who is recommended
and permitted by his instructor to wear a Black Belt, but who is not officially certified until judged and passed by a Black Belt Board of Examiners.
AREA CHECK - To position body limbs (see POSITIONAL CHECK) so that they are
readily available to cover and protect fairly wide areas of the body.
ARROW - A term used by the Chinese in describing stances, parts of which

resemble an arrow.
ARTICULATION OF MOTION - (1) The combination
of individual basics into a sequential flow of uninterrupted motion whereby each basic move remains crisp in its application. (2) The extemporaneous use of basic combinations where, regardless of number, each move is delivered with clarity and precision.
ARTICULATION OF MOTION VS. PHONETICS OF MOTION - Articulation of

Motion entails the precise, specific, and distinct application of motion regardless of the speed employed. Each move, whether used separately or in a sequence of moves, is clear and well defined when executed. Phonetics of Motion involves detailing motion by-the-numbers. Specific moves are broken down into their component parts, whereby one learns to articulate or enunciate each move a segment at a time.
ASSOCIATED MOVES - Moves that are identical in principle, but multiple in

definition. The term, to some degree, is related to FAMILY GROUPINGS and FAMILY RELATED MOVES.
• •• A
16 •••
ASSOCIATION PATCH - The Ed Parker's American Kenpo logo placed over the
heart on the left side of the gi(uniform). This patch was concievied and designed by Ed Parker in the late 1950's and illustrated by his brother David P. Parker. See Kenpo Crest.
ATTENTION - (1) The erect, motionless posture of students in readiness for another
command. (2) A command to assume this posture.
ATTITUDE- (1) Pertains to an individual's mental disposition, traits of which can

be positive or negative. (2) The postural structure of your body when in combat that displays the feeling or mood you are in. Depending upon your disposition, your body language can intimidate or invite aggression.
AVAILABLE - State of being ready for immediate action. AVAILABILITY OF TARGETS - Target areas that are conveniently
immediate use to target areas that are accessible. accessible.
AVAILABILITY OF WEAPONS - Readiness of weapons (natural or man-made) for AXIS OF ROTATION - See ROTATING AXIS.
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,
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BACKING - Use of body parts as a support or brace when striking a target. This
support allows the principle of SANDWICHING to occur. For example, one arm braces as the other strikes. ~
BACKSTOP - A support or brace for a target

that is being SANDWICHED. ~
•••
17
BACK-UP-MASS - The use of body weight that is

directly behind the action that is taking place. As example, (1) a punch delivered when the elbow is directly behind the fist, or (2) the bracing of one finger directly behind the other when delivering a two finger chop to the throat, etc. BACK-UPMASS is greatly enhanced when proper BODY ALIGNMENT is achieved. BODY ALIGNMENT gets MASS into proper perspective and allows the body to take full advantage of channeling weight and energy while traveling in the same direction (DIRECTIONAL HARMONY).
BACK-UP WEAPON - A secondary weapon that is available and ready to use. BALANCE - Stability produced by distributing
your weight proportionately, regardless of body posture. In short, it is the body poised harmoniously.
BALANCE COMPENSATION - The continuous adjustment of your balance each

time defensive or offensive contact is made with an opponent.
BANGER - An individual who has no control. (Tournament

are to concentrate your attention. See LINE OF SIGHT.
slang.)
BASE LlNE(S) - Imaginary line or lines used to visualize the angle on which you BASE MOVE - Any move you decide to use as a POINT OF REFERENCE. BASICS - Simplified moves that comprise the fundamentals
of Kenpo. They are divided into stances, maneuvers, blocks, strikes, punches, kicks, finger techniques, parries, specialized moves and methods.
It is the move that you choose as your prefix, in order to complete the EQUATION FORMULA.
BEFORE- A move that is added prior to your BASEMOVE.
BEGGING HANDS - A term given to one of the self-defense techniques (Blue Belt
Technique #1) describing the position of the hands during the execution of the technique. The hands are positioned as if begging for money.
BELTRANKING SYSTEM- A colored belt system used to grade a student's ability

and proficiency. Such judgment is determined after a student undergoes a
•••
18 •••
performance test. The sequence of the colors is; white, yellow, orange, purple, blue, green, 3rd., 2nd., and 1st degree brown, and ten degrees of black, tenth being the highest.
BIND - To tie up, or to prevent one from retaliating. This is another method of
CHECKING.
BITING - A specialized vice-like method using the teeth to injure an opponent.

is especially useful when both hands and feet are inoperable.
It
BLACK BELT DEGREES - First degree is Junior Instructor;
second degree is Associate Instructor; third degree is Head Instructor; fourth degree is Senior Instructor; fifth degree is Associate Professor; sixth degree is Professor; seventh degree is Senior Professor; eighth degree is Associate Master of the Arts; ninth degree is Master of the Arts; and tenth degree is Grand Master of the Arts. The tenth degree founder and head of the system is known as the Senior Grand Master of the Arts. Only upon the founder of the system may this title be bestowed.
•••
19
BLACK DOT FOCUS - Our Kenpo concept of focus. We visualize a black dot on
a white background, representing total awareness. Our concern is not only with maximizing power, but protection as well. See WHITE DOT FOCUS.
BLIND SPOT(S) - Areas that are not obvious to the eye. Obscure areas that lie
outside the boundaries of peripheral sight. See OBSCURE lONES.
BLOCKADE - The employment of a ~

barrier to obstruct the efforts of an attacking opponent.
BLOCK(S) - A defensive maneuver used

to hinder or check an attack; all defensive moves employing physical contact to check, cushion, deflect, redirect, or stop an offensive move.
BOB AND WEAVE - Body maneuvers used to avoid an attack. A BOB employs
vertical movements of the body. A WEAVE utilizes horizontal, side, movements of the body. side to
BOBBING - A method of avoiding an attack while vertically dropping underneath,

or rising above the action of your opponent. BOBBING. DUCKING is a stage of
BODY ALIGNMENT - This is the coordination of body parts in order to harmonize

their angles of travel so that they all move together, in line, and in one direction. This principle, when followed, automatically triggers the principle of BACK-UP-MASS, where body weight enhances your action.
BODY COMMUNICATION
movements,
- The giving and receiving of information

expressions, gestures, habits, etc.
by body
mannerisms,
20 •••
BODY FULCRUM - The natural curvatures of the body used as launching platforms
to add leverage, bracing, or acceleration to the speed and force of any weapon. It is classified as a method of CONTOURING. Also refer to LEVERAGING.
BODY FUSION - A concept in which body parts move as a unit prior to relaying
action to other parts of the body. These body parts are literally fused together in order to function as a single unit. A good example is when the wrist and elbow joints are in a fixed position so that only the shoulder joint is allowed to move. Body fusion can occur any time during the course of a sequential flow of action.
BODY HARMONY - All body parts functioning BODY INTERPRETATION - The translation
as one unit.
or reading of body movements, mannerisms, expressions, gestures, habits, etc., one uses in predetermining an opponent's true intentions.
BODY LANGUAGE - Communication
with body movements, mannerisms, expressions, gestures, habits, etc. in relaying true or false information. Refer to BODY COMMUNICATION.
BODY MECHANICS - The technical utilization of the body in the science of

motion and action, that allows the forces therein to be fully maximized. In short, highly technical knowledge of the proper use of the body in reaching or obtaining maximum results.
B •••
•••
21
It
BODY MOMENTUM - Body weight used to increase the force of your action.
involves the coordination of mind, breath, strength, and body weight so that all forces are moving in harmony in the same direction (DIRECTIONAL HARMONY). There are three basic ways to obtain body momentum; (1) by shuffling forward or reverse on a horizontal plane, thus employing the dimension of depth; (2) by utilizing gravitational marriage on a vertical or diagonal plane, which fulfills the dimension of height; and (3) by torquing the body to create body rotation, thus completing the dimension of width. All three methods of acquiring body momentum can be applied singularly, in partial combination, or when combining all three methods of body momentum. It is a great contributor to BACK-UP-MASS which places body alignment in proper perspective.
BODY ROTATION - Body torque used to increase
the force of your strike or action. It is a means of generating BODY MOMEMTUM via the dimension of WIDTH. It may also be used to form an inplace TWIST STANCE.
BODY TRANSLATION - The decoding of body movements that gives one answers to an opponent's intentions. Refer to BODY INTERPRETATION. true
BORROWED FORCE - An opponent's force
~ which is used against him. This can be accomplished by going with the opponent's force, or on occasion, going against his force. The concept allows your opponent's force to enhance the effectiveness of your action. that is pur- ~ posely used to cause an opponent's reaction, and makes your follow-up move easy to execute. For example, in the self-defense technique named LEAP OF DEATH, two heel palm strikes are used on the back of your opponent's head (which is face down at the time). This action is instrumental in forcing your opponent's face to hit the ground with great impact, and thus causes an instinctive reaction, whereby your opponent will immediately lift his head off the ground. When this occurs, both of your hands are then free to slide under the chin of your opponent and continue further devastating action, such as wrenching or snapping his neck.
BOUNCE(ING)
- A method
•••
22 •••
BOW - Involves the bending of your head and/or waist from an attention stance
for a short period of time before raising back to your original position. Practitioners of American Kenpo are taught to bow only to inanimate objects. Whenever a student enters or leaves the training room he bows as a symbol of respect, not worship.
BRACING ANGLE - That specific body

position which strengthens and ~ supports the execution of a defensive or offensive move in anticipation of contact or impact. See IMPACT ADJUSTMENT.
BRANCH - A term referring to the leg when

used in self-defense techniques.
BREAK - (1) Force, which when effectively employed, shatters, splinters, cracks,
detaches, disjoins, or separates bones or their joints. (2) A term used to separate two contestants emotionally involved in a match.
BRIDGE - To close and link the gaps that occur between you and your opponent.
See CLOSING THE GAP.
BROKEN RHYTHM - Erratically timed movements
that follow no set beat or pattern, but which can be deliberately used to deceive or interrupt the action of an opponent. A simple analogy - the pre-meditated use of stuttering motion. This term is related to DECEPTIVE TIMING. (See DELAYEDMOVEMENT, RETARDED MOVEMENT, and STUTTERING MOTION.)
BROTHER/SISTERMOVES - Moves evolving from FAMILY GROUPINGS. These

moves are alternatives FAMILY GROUPINGS. that can stem from your first initial action. See
BUCKLE - Methods used to force an opponent's
leg to bend in or out, forward or back. Properly used, it can unbalance, twist, sprain or even break an opponent's leg.
BUMMER - A bad call regarding receiving a point, penalty, or

disqualification at a tournament. (Tournament slang.)
BUMPING - A specialized method used to push an opponent

away from you.
B·· •
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KENPO BUOYANCY - The ability to rise or float to the surface.
••• 23
In Kenpo, moves are not
executed when inhaling, but when exhaling. Exhaling settles your body, stabilizes your base, and greatly enhances the force of your delivery. On the other hand, inhaling makes one buoyant and unstable, especially when blocking or striking. Buoyancy, however, can be an asset when covering out. It seems that the body is lighter and much more free to move about when buoyant.
BUTTING - Specialized methods which utilize

the head as a weapon. The head can be used to thrust, hook, or hammer with.
BY-THE-NUMBERS - Methods
used to teach movements to beginning students where each step is given a number. This is similar to learning words by syllables and pronouncing them phonetically.
-_._---_. __ ._---._----_._.---
lei
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c----~q----------
CAPOEIRA - An excellent Brazilian method of self-defense. Experts of Capoeira

resemble graceful dancers. They employ cartwheels, handsprings, techniques, and takedowns to effectively subdue their opponents. ground
CATAPUlT(ING) - Methods that are used to help launch or spring you forward
with your action. For example, a "push drag shuffle" can be used to spring forward simultaneously with a punch. Thus, the launching (catapulting) of the lower half of the body, simultaneous with the execution of the punch, greatly enhances your power. CATAPULTING activates BODY MOMENTUM. Refer to PLANE THEORY.
CAT AROU N D - This term refers to having a foot slide around and back of another
person's leg, where the transition of such a move resembles a cat stance, prior to settling into its final position.
CATCH(ES) - A method of stopping and detaining an opponent's
strike or block.
CAT STANCE - Usually a transitory stance with 90% of the body weight centered
low, on the rear leg, and with the rear foot flat. The forward leg rests lightly on the bali of the foot, as if poised for a kick.
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••• C
24 ••• CENTEROF GRAVITY - That point around which one's weight is evenly distributed so that your body is kept in constant balance to help maximize your physical movements.
CENTER OF MASS - An odd phenomenon
where maximum power can still be obtained though the center of mass remains stationary, and the body limbs strike out in opposite directions. This phenomenon can only work if the center of your body mass remains centered regardless of the opposing forces
of your limbs. Although it appears as if directional harmony is void during this type of action, power, nevertheless, is still enhanced. The opposing forces of the limbs are not assisted in anyway by the center of your body mass, which remains neutral. As already stated, it is an odd phenomenon, but experience affirms its reality. See MID-POINT BALANCE.
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE - A force that tends to make rotating bodies move away
from the center of rotation.
CHAMBERING - The cocking of a natural weapon

prior to striking with it.
CHAMBERED POSITION - The cocked position

of a natural weapon that's ready for action. It is often referred to as CHAMBERING.
CHANGING
OF THE GUARD - A phrase used to
describe the continuous changing of hands or feet during combat to insure constant protection against intentional as well as unintentional attacks. The continuous relocation of body parts also helps incounterbalancing your movements.
C···
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KENPO CHARGER - An opponent who rushes straight in. (Tournament

slang.)
••• 25
CHEAT - (1) To execute a deceptive move prior to the one intended. This includes
utilizing hands and/or feet. (2) To use an additional move, when doing a KATA or FORM, in order to place you in proper position or alignment.
CHECK - To restrain, hinder, or prevent an opponent from taking action. This is

accomplished by pressing, pinning, or hugging an opponent, usually at the joints, so that it minimizes his leverage and nullifies his action. Positioning your arms and legs in various defensive postures can also keep an opponent from striking you effectively. See POSITIONAL CHECK.
CHECKING COCK - A defensive move used as a check, but which also remains
in an appropriate pose so that it is readily available for an immediate attack or counter attack.
CHECKING VS. CONTROLLING - Checking involves momentary

whereas, controlling entails prolonged deterrence.
prevention;
CHI- A Chinese term used to describe the powers that can be generated when the
mind and body are totally unified. It involves total and complete synchronization of mind, breath, and strength to achieve maximum force. It is that extra inner force created by the precise synchronization of the conscious and subconscious mind, along with an individual's breath and strength.
CHICKEN KICK - A double kick combination that starts with one leg kicking while
the other supports the body weight. When the supporting leg is employed, as the second kick, both legs become air-borne during its execution. There are two basic methods of application: (1) kick first with the forward leg before employing the rear leg, or (2) commence with the rear leg before executing the forward leg.
CHINESE FAN PRINCIPLE - Principle that teaches how reaction can beat action
by simply moving the target first, and not the blocking arm. This principle takes advantage of the time it takes for a weapon to reach its target. Since the target is the last contact point that an opponent must reach, moving it out of the way first, helps your reaction to beat your opponent's action.
CH'I SAO - A training method developed, practiced, and popularized by Wing

Chun stylists. The term means STICKY HANDS. The concept involves the sensitive use of the arms, rather than the eyesight, to determine the release of a punch or strike.
• •• C
CHOKING - Specialized vice-like methods used to

cut off breathing.
CHOP - A cutting blow to an
opponent or object, which generally employs the knife-edge of the hand as the weapon.
CHU'AN SHU - Is a term used in mainland China to describe the western term of
Kung Fu.
CIRCULAR CONFINEMENT - The restriction of circular moves from following a

wider path or orbit. Causes of restriction may stem from environment, or from parts of your opponent's (or your own) anatomy being in the way.
Restricted roundhouse punch
Confined between wrist & (ace
CIRCULAR MOVEMENTS - Moves that loop or follow a rounded path. Such

moves can be used defensively or offensively, and can orbit in a single direction, or be diverted into multiple directions.
CIRCULAR ROTATION - Rotation of your arm in a circle to build momentum

prior to the final torquing action of your strike.
CLASSICAL - A term used to describe the so called pure systems of Karate or Kung
Fu. Many of the movements associated with these systems are not practical in our present environment, since their methods were created for the types of defense found prevalent during their particular time in history.
CLAWING - Striking action employing the fingertips to scratch or rip. Such action
may employ two or more fingers.
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•••
27
CLEARING - (1) The diverting of strikes from making contact. (2) The moving of
a defensive posture to create a target opening. (3) The sweeping of a path that will guarantee clear passage.
CLOCK PRINCIPLE - A method used to help students visualize the direction in

which they are to move. Students are generally themselves as being in the middle of a big o'clock, with 6 o'clock to their rear, 3 and 9 ~ left, and all other numbers in their respective asked to think of clock facing 12 to their right and locations.
CLOSE KNEELSTANCE - Similar to a

neutral bow stance, with the exception that the rear knee is dropped two inches from the ground. The rear knee is kept in as well as close to the forward leg. The weight of the body is equally divided on both legs. The WIDE and CLOSE KNEEL STANCES obtain because of the width, and not depth that exist between them.
their names
CLOSE RANGE - See CLOSE RANGE ENCOUNTERS. CLOSE RANGE ENCOUNTERS - Action that occurs
within elbow and knee distance.
CLOSE RANGE WEAPONS - Normally refers to the elbow

and knee, although the head could be considered CLOSE RANGE WEAPON. a
CLOSING THE GAP - Bridging the distance between you and your opponent.
Refer to the term BRIDGE.
CLOSING THEGATE - Constricting your width and height zones by repositioning

your stance, body, or arms so that vulnerability is kept to a minimum.
COCKING CHECK - The positioning of a check that remains in an appropriate

pose so that it is readily available for an immediate attack or counter attack.
COLLAPSIBLEDEFLECTION - The strategic bending of a defensive move, in order

to make it more functional as an additional defense. This can apply to your or your opponent's moves where the secondary action can readily be used to deflect a second attacking weapon. Collapsing the arm makes it functional
••• C
28 •••
in two ways: (1) it converts into a very effective defense before (2) returning it as a full length offense. Failing to collapse an opponent's arm can, however, be detrimental if it gets in the way of your action.
COLLAPSING CHECK - An existing check, which when dropped, gravitates into

a secondary position of defense.
COLLIDING FORCES - The clashing of various sources of power that can work
against you, or be tailored to work for you. While many feel that one should always go with the force, strategically planned opposition to force can often be very rewarding.
COMBAT - Realistic fighting which excludes control and rules. COMBAT ARENA - Any area in which an encounter can occur. Again, environment dictates the type of arena that it might be.
COMBAT AWARENESS - In tune with what is or can be expected in a realistic

fight.
COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS Competent and productive use of your skills during a skirmish or an all out attack.
COMBO MAN - An individual who uses both hands and feet equally as well when
scoring. He believes in using a series of techniques ment slang.) to gain points. (Tourna-
COMMITTED ACTION - Movement which binds one to a certain line of action. COMMON SENSE- (1) The use of sound and practical judgment; (2) the inherent
ability to view things logically when overcoming situations. See HORSE SENSE. difficult problems and
COMPACT UNIT - The constriction of body parts to enhance the effectiveness of

a strike. For example, the pinching together of the forearm and biceps, when striking with your elbow, makes for a more compact unit. Creating this formation allows your BACK-UP-MASS to produce an even greater amount of force upon impact.
COMPARISONS OF BASICS - Basics can be compared to a dictionary, encyclopedia, or appendix. A dictionary defines and is comparable to Forms, Short #1 through Long #2. An encyclopedia explains in greater detail, and could be compared to Short #3 through #9, as well as to self-defense techniques. An
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••• 29
appendix gives additional information, that are learned in Kenpo. and can be compared to all of the sets
COMPARISONS OF MOTION - Motion can be compared to the three methods

of writing - print, script (cursive), and shorthand; matter - solid, liquid, and gas (vapor). or the three stages of
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS - The ability to examine other fields of endeavor,

assess their similarities, and match them with your present topic of study so that your understanding can be increased proportionately.
COMPENSATE - To move in such a manner

adjustment
that ROOM FOR ERROR, or on the part of the deliverer, is allowed.
COMPLEMENTARY ANGLE - A strike or block that follows a path or angle that

parallels an attacking weapon, a defensive posture, the contour of your or your opponent's body, or a given line. Following these angular paths allows clear entry to desired targets. Taking advantage of these angular opportunities helps to produce greater accuracy and damage, and thus maximizes results.
COMPLETE HARMONY - Mind, breath, and strength coordinated to function in

total unison.
COMPLETED PATH OF TRAVEL - The termination
of a move that may have followed a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal path. Should a combination of moves be used, the termination of each would be described as being Completed Paths of Travel.
COMPOUNDING
A TECHNIQUE - The insertion of additional moves that are
within the flow of a prescribed technique or selected sequence of action. More often than not, these inserted moves are simultaneously executed along with the base moves of a technique sequence. COMPOUNDING can occur during the IDEAL PHASE (normal flow), or the WHAT IF? PHASE (altered flow - change of target and definition) of a technique. It is possible
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30 •••
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to further COMPOUND your action while in the process of COMPOUNDlNG. Unless these moves are displayed, they can very easily remain hidden.
COMPRESSING DISTANCE - Slowly, but surely, reducing the gap that exists
between you and your opponent when contestants involved in combat. at a tournament or when
CONCAVE - Arched or curved in. CONCAVE STANCE - A type of stance where the knees are curved in to insure
protection. It may also be used as a support or brace to enhance the effectiveness of a counter. The self-defense technique LEAP OF DEATH graphically details the use of the CONCAVE STANCE.
CONCEALED CARRIES- Methods of positioning the Nunchaku on the body or

clothing in order to gain easy access prior to an attack, and yet keep them hidden from view. See "Ed Parker's Guide to the Nunchaku".
CONCENTRATION - The focusing of one's attention (mental), or force (physical).

Either (mental or physical) can be applied separately or in combination each other. with
CONCEPT - An abstract idea, conceived in the mind, that is neither protected nor
trademarked.
CONCEPTUAL BOX - A visualization

concept used to teach students how to obtain proper angles of execution. The concept entails visualizing the outline of a box in front of you. This imaginary box is then used as a guide to better understand the various paths and zones in which an arm or leg should travel when blocking or striking.
CONCHAKU
nunchaku
innovated made of polyresin developed by Francisco Conde.
- Newly
CONDITIONED RESPONSE- An ingrained response to a given variable. CONFLUENCE OF FORCES - The union of various sources of power, combinations of which can stem from you, or from both you and your opponent.
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31
CONCRETE FACIAL - A slang term describing aggressive techniques that involve smashing opponent's face to the concrete floor. your ~ ~
CONSCIOUS - (1) Alert and aware of your surroundings. (2)

Having feeling and knowledge of what you are doing, and why.
CONSCIOUS MIND - The cognitive portion of our mind (brain) that allows us the
ability to think while we are in an awakened, attentive state.
CONSTIPATED MOVES - Moves that tense prematurely,
resulting in needless exertion that hinders speed. Describes those individuals who are so tense when blocking or striking that the speed and effect of their actions are hampered to a point of frustration. that add to the whole or sum society, system, or art such as Kenpo.
CONSTITUENTS- Elements, parts, or components

total of an organization,
CONTACT - The joining together of target and weapon. The colliding of fist and
face, foot and groin, elbow and jaw, etc.
CONTACT DEVIATION - The employment
of any defensive move, which when contact is made, deflects the action of your opponent.
CONTACT MANIPULATION - The fourth stage of the FOUR STAGESOF RANGE.

of control, once contact is made, to contour, leverage, takedown, restrain, twist, sprain, lock, dislocate, choke, etc. to increase the effectiveness of your action. These same techniques could be used to cause greater damage or injury to you as well, therefore, making every effort to be the victor.
It entails the orchestration
CONTACT PENETRATION- The third stage of the FOUR STAGES OF RANGE. It

refers to the distance in which a weapon can effectively penetrate the depths of a target, thus magnifying the damage or injury that can occur to you or your opponent.
CONTACT PLACEMENTS- A predetermination
of the targets which you plan to strike, force, or control using the weapon or methods of your choice.
CONTINENTAL FORM - Slang for a form that is long in duration.
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32 •••
CONTINUITY - The principle that no move passes from one position to another
without being utilized effectively. It is a counterpart MOTION. of ECONOMY OF
CONTINUOUS WEAPONS - A series of multiple natural weapons employed

when involved in combat or freestyle.
CONTOUR CONFINEMENT - Keeping your movements within close proximity

of your or your opponent's body so that the effects of your action become more acute. See ZONE CONFINEMENT.
CONTOUR DISCIPLINING - The enforcing of behavioral patterns to continuously keep your movements within close proximityofyouroryourop body. See CONTOURING and ZONE DISCIPLINING. ponent's
CONTOUR GUIDANCE - Use of the contour of your or your opponent's

a homing AIMING. device or guide to improve
body as the accuracy of your action. See
CONTOURING - This concept involves using the outline of your or your

opponent's body as a homing device or guide to accomplish certain feats. The concept is divided into two basic categories - methods that employ (1) body contact, or (2) non-body contact. Under body contact you have LAUNCHING, where the surface of your or your opponent's body is used to ricochet or bounce off of prior to traveling to your primary target. Another method employing body contact is LEVERAGING, where an opponent's body is used as a fulcrum to enhance your action. A SLIDING CHECK employs constant body contact as it moves from one leverage point to another. The FRICTIONAL PULL is another form of body contact that can be employed. Although it is used differently, it resembles a SLIDING CHECK. TRACKING or GUIDELINING involves sliding along the CONTOUR of your or your opponent's body which acts as a guide to your target. While both terms could be used interchangeably, TRACKING (which follows a line of action) requires specific methods to insure precisioned accuracy, where a natural weapon rides, tracks, and inches its way to the target (as in the technique DANCE OF DARKNESSwhere one hand inches its way up on the arm that remains at its target). GUIDELINING requires that a natural weapon follow a wider surface area (path of action), when guided to its target (as in the technique DANCE OF DEATH where the striking arm follows the entire surface of the hip and thigh on its way to the groin). THREADING is another body contact means of CONTOURING where the joint of your body is used to guide the natural weapon of your choice to its target. This can only occur if the two body parts that form the joint meet each other at specific angles so as to warrant its use. Unlike TRACKING, where the natural weapon inches
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••• 33
its way from one spot to another as it travels to the target, THREADING requires that the natural weapon remain on one spot as it THREADS its way to the target. NEEDLING occurs when two natural weapons simultaneously TRACK their way to their targets. PIVOTING uses the body as an axis. Example - A heel palm strike to the chin can very easily be converted into a five finger slice by using the chin as the pivoting axis, thus using the principle of a WINDSHIELD WIPER. FITTING involves striking with specific NATURAL WEAPONS that form a perfect fit with the target being struck. This is also referred to as the PUZZLE PRINCIPLE. Other contact methods come in the form of GRAVITATIONAL CHECKS and PRESSING CHECKS that use the contour of the body to cause the effect desired. Non-body contact methods can be found under the topics of COMPLEMENTARY ANGLE, ANGLE MATCHING, SILHOUETTING, FRAMING, SYMMETRICAL, and CORRESPONDING ANGLES.
CONTROL -
1. The regulation
of force to produce (a) accuracy as well as (b) the degree of injury. For example, a punch that strikes a specific target without injuring it requires control. Control mayor may not involve touching your target. It takes even greater CONTROL to avoid injuring a person who is constantly moving. 2. The ability (a) to prevent or curtail your opponent's actions, or (b) to guide your opponent wherever, however, and whenever. Checks are types of controls. They are good examples of how one can temporarily prevent or curtail an opponent from taking action.
CONTROL ASSISTANCE - The use of additional body parts to assist you in

securing control of your opponent.
CONTROLLING - (1) The ability to restrain oneself from all out action, or execute
action with regulatory frequency and persistence. (2) The use of various techniques employed to restrain your opponent from taking all out action.
CONTROL MANIPULATION - To sustain control of your opponent's
actions while steering or maneuvering your opponent to more suitable and strategic positions. Setting up these positions not only helps to prevent further retaliation, but allows you clear access to your opponent's targets as well.
CONTROL MAINTENANCE - To sustain control during the course of an encounter

by continuing a particular grab, hold, lock, etc. Such action of stationary dominance deters further retaliation.
CONTROL RELEASE- The ability to set your opponent
free after employing control maintenance and control manipulation whereby such freedom continues to disallow an opponent from further retaliation.
• •• C
34 •••
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KENPO CONTROLLED RESPONSE- The regulation of one's actions so that he does not
react prematurely, unnecessarily, or foolishly. This is especially true if an opponent should employ DECEPTIVE ACTION.
CONTROLLING THE GAP - The ability to control your distance once you have
bridged or closed the gap (distance) between you and your opponent.
CONVERGING
FORCES - Generally refers to both you and your opponent's
forces clashing at some point. However, both forces can stem from you, such as you find when sandwiching. See COLLIDING FORCES.
COORDINATION - Refers to (1) the synchronization
of all body parts so that they function with continuity, timing, and dexterity, (2) the synchronization of your moves with the moves, timing, and direction of your opponent in order to take best advantage of them and attack him more effectively. basic blocks, stances, punches, kicks, and moves that are singular in motion, but dual in purpose.
It contains,
COORDINATION SETI - Requirement for Purple Belt.
COORDINATION SETII - Requirement for Green Belt. CORKSCREW PUNCH - A torquing, twisting punch that strikes with the palm
down.
CORRECTIVE ADJUSTMENT- Amore appropriate term for constructive criticism. CORRELATION OF FORCES - Various power
sources simultaneously meeting at a point where directional harmony becomes the catalyst, syn- ~ chronizing all power sources into one focused unit. It is this precise orchestration of power sources that greatly maximizes the effectiveness at the point of impact.
CORRESPONDING ANGLES - Matching the angles

of your or your opponent's body parts and limbs, in order to maintain balance and symmetry. This term also falls under the heading of CONTOURING.
COUNTER(ING) - The ability to attack during or immediately after an opponent's

attack.
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•••
35
COUNTERACTING FLOW - The execution of a move, or moves, that hinder

maximizing your efforts. As an example; never use a righ t inward block while simultaneously executing a right forward bow, as one action diminishes the effectiveness of the other.
COUNTER BALANCE - (1) Opposing forces which enhance the effectiveness of

a particular blow, maneuver or movement. (2) The continuous relocation of body parts in order to equalize your body weight in motion, as well as give you better protection. See CHANGING OF THE GUARD and BALANCE COMPENSATION.
COUNTER GUIDANCE - Allowing your opponent's action to guide you to targets

on his body. For example, if an opponent's punch was caught by you, and he attempted to retrieve it, you could then go with his action, borrow his force, and "guide" his fist into his own face as a part of your "counter" action.
COUNTER MAN - Tournament
slang for one who waits for his opponent the action before countering.
to press
COUNTER MANIPULATION - (1) That stage of motion that is utilized just prior
to employing the principle of opposing forces to its maximum. (2) The control of one body part to strike or manipulate another body part (same arm or another) to increase the effectiveness of your strike.
COUNTER PREVENTION - The ability to anticipate, meet, and stall an opponent's

action in advance. See PREVENTIVE MOTION.
COUNTER ROTATION - (1) To reverse the action and path of your torque. (2)
Turning or twirling in the opposite direction move. from the previous twirling
COVER - The repositioning
of your body into a protective pose while creating distance between you and your opponent. This is usually done by shifting the forward leg to the opposite side as you turn and face the opposite direction. This maneuver will not only create distance, as you turn and face the unknown, but will help decelerate your opponent's action as well. A notable characteristic using this maneuver, when used as an exercise, and depending on the lead leg, is that you will continue to move laterally, away from your original stance.
COVER OUT - A single crossover and step through reverse to increase the distance
between you and your opponent, thus enabling maneuver in a safe position of cover.
--...
you to conclude
your
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••• C
36 ••• COVER STEP- The first step of a FRONT CROSSOVER (foot maneuver), which aids
in concealing the groin area.
CRAB-HAND PINCH - A special method of forming and applying your hand to

pinch with. The formation and use of the hand is like the pinchers found on a crab. An example of this is in the self-defense technique called Grasp of Death.
CREED - A modern code of ethics authored by Ed Parker for Martial Artists in

It reads as follows: III come to you with only Karate, empty hands. I have no weapons, but should I be forced to defend myself, my principles or my honor, should it be a matter of life or death, of right or wrong; then here are my weapons, Karate, my empty hands." today's environment.
CREED VS. PLEDGE - The CREED has become an accepted Code for many Martial
Artists. It denotes the Martial Artist's way of life in today's environment. Equally as important, the Creed acts as a guide to the Martial Artist in developing a keen sense of justice. The PLEDGES are extensions of the CREED, composed and designed to further promulgate spiritual character among the lower ranks.
CREST OF A CIRCLE - Top or apex of a circle. CRESCENT - A path of action that can be compared and paralleled to a HOOKING
type of maneuver.
CRESCENT KICK - A method of kicking that resembles a HOOK KICK. Close

examination will reveal that they are identical in application.
CRITICAL DISTANCE - Crucial distance that can place you or your opponent
within striking range. THIRD STAGE OF RANGE known PENETRATION. as CONTACT
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37
CROSS CH ECK - (1) Refers to crossing to the opposite
~ side of your opponent's body, when pinning or striking him so that your action prevents him from retaliating. It literally concludes as a CROSS CHECK. (2) Diagonally checking an opponent's action so that his reaction or intended action cannot hit you, nor have access to a vulnerable area on your body.
CROSS DRAW POSITION - Refers to the tucking of a

nunchaku (or other possible weapons), under a belt or section of clothing on the opposite side of the hand that plans to use it.
CROSS VS. DIRECT - These two terms have particular significance when referring
to PUSHES and GRABS.A CROSS push or grab indicates that your opponent, who is facing you, is using his right hand to push or grab your right shoulder or chest. Your opponent's left hand to your left shoulder or chest would also apply. A DIRECT push or grab indicates that your opponent, who is facing you, is using his right hand to push or grab your left shoulder or chest. This would also apply if your opponent used his left hand to your right shoulder. When your opponent's hand and arm crosses over your body to make contact it is a CROSS push or grab. When your opponent pushes or grabs with the hand that is directly opposite you, it is a DIRECT push or grab. CROSS kicks serve a dual purpose in that they injure your opponent, as well as check his ability to retaliate.
CUBE MODEL - An outlined drawing of a box superimposed
over a photo or drawing to explain angles and paths of travel more efficiently. It is a useful visual aid that enhances one's understanding of angles and paths of travel. See CONCEPTUAL BOX.
CUP & SAUCER - This term describes a specific formation that the hands conform
to in order to prevent retaliation. You will notice, when observing this hand formation, that it resembles a waiter carrying a cup and saucer. An example of this can be found in the technique Dance of Darkness.
CUSHION - Generally refers to the use of a block to soften the effect of an

opponent's strike. The block occurs away from your body so that the force of your opponent's strike dissipates prior to making, or not making contact with your body.
• •• C
38 •••
IO! I
'.. _
__j
DANCER - Tournament
slang for one who continuously
bounces around.
DARK(NESS) - A term used in self-defense techniques,
that refers to attacks initiated from your rear or flank. Because these moves stem from the unknown (areas which you can't see), the terms DARK or DARKNESS are used.
DEAD MOTION DECEPTION - Tactical use of illusion to make it appear that all
motion is at a stand still. Then, from out of what appears to be nowhere, an intended strike is activated. Such unexpected action comes as a big surprise.
DEAD MOTION PRINCIPLE - A deceptive maneuver that is purposely designed

to give your opponent the illusion that a portion of your body is totally inactive (or seems dead), and can do them no harm. A good example is the action that can stem out of arms that have been folded. For instance, if your left arm was folded on top of your right arm, and it remained motionless during the time your right hand executed a back knuckle strike to you opponent's solar plexus, your opponent would not react to your strike until he felt the blow. The fact that your left arm showed no life conditioned his mind to accept peace and tranquility. Not until experiencing the strike, would he have realized the consequence of your action.
DEAD SPACE - (1) The gaps between moves in a technique sequence.
It can also
be thought of as unused points on a circle, or circles, of motion. The filling of DEAD SPACE is the active use of the principle of CONTINUITY OF MOTION. This action is termed SEQUENTIAL FLOW. (2) Areas or zones of refuge where one can seek SANCTUARY. See ZONES OF SANCTUARY.
DECEPTIVE ACTION - The utilization

movements
of misleading, or gestures to deceive an opponent.
illusive, and
feinting
DECEPTIVE FEINTS- The purposeful conditioning

planned conditioned response.
of an opponent
to insure a
DECEPTIVE GESTURES- Same as DECEPTIVE ACTION and FEINTS.

.... ..
........
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D·· •
••• 39
DECEPTIVE RHYTHM - Irregular sequential flow of timing purposely used to

throw off an opponent's timing, and disrupt his flow of concentration. Another term for DECEPTIVE TIMING.
DECEPTIVE TIMING - Timing used to mislead an opponent, causing him to react

prematurely, anticipating the opposite of your true intentions. It is that measure of time used when feinting. See DECEPTIVE RHYTHM.
DEFENSE - Protective moves designed to safeguard against injury. DEFENSIVE OFFENSE - Execution of a
move which is both protective to you and simultaneously injurious to the opponent.
DEFENSIVE PERSUASION - Refers to the

forcing of an opponent to defend a particular area, in order to effectively create an opening elsewhere.
DEFINITIVE - A term that is used to describe moves that are explicit, absolute, and
clear-cut when executed.
DEFLECT - To deviate the course of an attacking weapon. DEGREE(S) - The (1) extent of one's injury, or (2) level(s) of achievement bestowed
upon a Brown or Black Belt, as required in the BELT RANKING SYSTEM.
DELAYED MOVEMENT - A strategic combat technique employing a pause during

a sequential flow of action. This strategy is purposefully used to alter the timing of a RHYTHMIC PATTERN, in order to baffle an opponent. RETARDED MOVEMENT also fits this description. Just as you must know your basic colors, in order to blend and mix them and your notes in music before arranging them into melodic tunes, so must you know RHYTHMIC PATTERNS in order to alter your timing to confuse your opponent.
DELETE- The elimination of a weapon and/or target within a technique sequence. DEPARTURE - A term used in the title of some of the self-defense techniques that
indicates the use of optimum angles of escape to assure a safe distance from your fallen opponent(s).
• •• 0
40 •••
DEPTHDECEPTION - Conditioning your opponent to accept an established depth
range, then making a switch that will lengthen or shorten that range when he least expects it.
DEPTH OF ACTION - The ability to extend the range of your offensive and
defensive movements, when and where needed, to obtain maximum results from your efforts.
DEPTHPENETRATION - The concept of going beyond the point of contact when

striking with a weapon.
DEPTH PERCEPTION - The ability to judge accurately the distances between

objects and yourself. This ability enables one to gauge reaction time and speed with utmost precision and accuracy.
DEPTH ZONES - One of the categorical ZONES OF PROTECTION.

protection of approximately viewed from the side.
It entails the
seven depth zones. These are vertical zones
DETAINING CHECK - A momentary block that occurs during the execution of,
and as a result of the path of, a strike being delivered to a selected target. A ricochet punch is a good example of this principle. See OFFENSIVE CHECK or RICOCHETING BLOCKING STRIKE.
DETAINING STRIKE- A strike that is purposely locked out upon contact with the
target, whereby it momentarily delays an opponent from instantly repositioning himself for a counter attack. Lock outs of this nature prevent your opponent from regaining his point of origin and thus disallows him from functioning instantly.
DIAMOND STANCE - A type of stance where the knees are arched or curved out.
This particular stance can be found in the LEAP OF DEATH, a self-defense technique that teaches you how to effectively use this stance as a vehicle employing two weapons at once.
DICTIONARY - (Refer
to ANALOGY OF APPENDIX/DICTIONARY/ENCYCLOPEDIA).
DICTION OF MOTION - The ability to make each move of a sequential flow crisp
and distinct. Just as you articulate words so can you articulate moves.
DIMENSION(S) - A term incorporating
such aspects as height, width, and depth. It is one of the divisions of MOTION which when understood will give you a clearer picture of what motion is all about.
D···
••• DIMENSIONAL
41
STAGES OF ACTION - The viewing of the space or gap between you and an opponent from all aspects of height, width, depth, and direction, with regard to the distances that are necessary in maintaining, closing, controlling, and opening the gap. Each view or stage logically requires long, medium, and close range techniques while closing in on an opponent, or when covering out. Of particular interest is the staggering number of alternatives that exist when employing close range techniques. They include not only strikes, but various methods of CONTOURING, LOCKS and CHOKES, TWISTS, DISLOCATIONS and HOLDS, and TAKEDOWNS. ZONE CONCEPT A concept created to teach stu- ~ dents of American Kenpo to visualize their opponent's body divided into vertical and horizontal zones (sections) as viewed from the front, side, or back. This allows the student to subdivide an opponent into four basic zones - height, width, depth, and zones of obscurity. This knowledge can then be used to restrict your opponent's dimensions, or keep them in check. Controlling your opponent's actions by restricting the use and versatility of his dimensions (ANGLE OF CANCELLATION), makes retaliation on the part of your opponent considerably more difficult.
DIMENSIONAL
DIPPING - Any move that drops before rising during its path of action. DIPPINGCHECK-A
type of check that is built into an offensive ~ strike. The check occurs on the downward (dipping) motion of your action just prior to making contact with your target on the high side of your curve. See BLOCKING CHECK.
DIRECT ROTATION - Circular or torquing action that is completed in a single

twirl.
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•••
42 ••• DIRECTEDBLOCKADE - (1) The control and steering of one opponent into another
as a barrier to obstruct the efforts of both attacking opponents. (2) The use of environmental objects as a barrier to obstruct the efforts of your opponent. These environmental objects are skillfully directed and guided as part of one's strategy to defeat an opponent.
DIRECTION(S) - A term that refers to front, back, side (left and right), up and down,
above and below. It is another division of MOTION that aids your understanding and gauging of offensive and defensive potentials.
DIRECTIONAL CHANGE - The ability to switch or alter directions of a weapon or

movement while keeping the momentum of your body flowing constantly, and without interrupting the initial motion. See DIRECTIONAL SWITCH.
01RECTIONAL HARMONY - Having all of your action moving in the same direction.
This principle aids in obtaining maximum results. It is a requirement when executing BODY MOMENTUM that residually triggers BACK-UP-MASS.
DIRECTIONAL HARMONY VS. DIRECT OPPOSITES - These are two methods of

generating power. DIRECTIONALHARMONY requires that all body mass travel in the same direction when following a line or path of action. Power can also stem from motion that is split into DIRECT OPPOSITES. In this situation, one force going in any direction can enhance the force of an action that is moving away, or directly opposite from it. This type of action can be compared to the snapping of a whip. Awhip can generate incredible energy provided that the snap and pull during its execution are directly opposite from each other.
DIRECTIONAL SWITCH - A method of changing direction while keeping the momentum of your body in constant flow. The basic idea is to redirect, not interrupt the motion started.
DISCIPLINE - The ability to enforce upon oneself a pattern of positive behavior so that
it can become ingrained and a habitual part of your life. Habitual behavior is a necessary ingredien t ifyou wish to train diligen tly, consisten tly, and successfully.
DISENGAGE - To separate from an opponent. To release an opponent after having

controlled the gap between the two of you.
DISLOCATION - The separation of two bones from the joint that links them together.
The displacement of a bone joint from its proper position.
DISPLACEMENT - To dislodge, move, uproot, or replace.
o •••
••• 43 DISPLACEMENTOF DISTANCE - The reestablishing ofrangevia foot maneuvers. DISTANCE It is the degree or amount
of separation
between you and your
opponent(s).
DISTRACTION - Intentional move or moves used in freestyle or combat to divert

the attention and disrupt the concentration of an opponent. Such moves can create openings that can allow you favorable access to vital targets. See DECEPTIVE MOVES and ACTION.
DISTURB - Use of strategic movements

thoughts,
to disrupt balance, posture, or action.
and upset an opponent's
DISHARMONY
to DIRECTIONAL HARMONY. The splitting of force in various directions which greatly lessens the effect of your technique. slang for someone who puts on an act. See ACTOR.
OF FORCE - Moves that are in opposition
DIVER - Tournament
DIVERSIFIED ANGLE OF ATTACK- The ability to commence an attack from one

angle, and be able to readily switch into still another angle without disturbing the flow of motion, especially when only one hand is employed. Example: a punch to your opponent's jaw can unhesitatingly be converted into a stiff arm lifting forearm strike under his chin. In the case of two hands, alternate action from two or more angles while striking to the same target, or two separate targets, are still considered DIVERSIFIED ANGLE(S) OF ATTACK. Refer to DIRECTIONAL CHANGE and DIRECTIONAL SWITCH.
DIVERSIFIED ANGLE OF COVER - Refers to changing directions while covering

out; not getting into the habit of covering out in one direction.
DIVERSIFIED ANGLE OF RETREAT- Same as DIVERSIFIED ANGLE OF COVER. DIVERSIFIED ANGLE OF VIEW - Increased number of perspectives beyond the
normal three points of view. This entails the viewpoint of additional bystanders, so that all angles of observation are considered. Having just a third point of view is not enough. Observing your opponent from additional viewpoints via reflections on mirrors, plate glass, and shiny objects can prove exceedingly beneficial.
DIVERSIFIED EXTENSIONS - Refers to the astonishing
number of alternatives that can stem from various points of origin. (1) They can originate from a single action, or can spontaneously materialize periodically throughout the
-----------------------------------
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•••
44 •••
course of your sequential flow of action. The topic encompasses the internalized or instinctive use of alternate natural weapons and targets. (2) The ability to randomly change a natural weapon, and instinctively choose an opening that will achieve the greatest effect; as in a block, altering in to a chop to the neck, a hammerfist to the jaw, a knuckle rake across the nose, or a finger slice across the eyes of your opponent, or any other strike that can be appropriately used to a target that is open.
DIVERSIFIED FLOW OF ACTION - Altering the timing of your sequential flow

of action so that these rhythmic changes keep your opponent DECEPTIVE RHYTHM and TIMING. baffled. See
DIVERSIFIED TARGETS- Striking various targets to insure multiple effects. DIVES - Unique methods that employ springs and flips. The moves are quite
exaggerated, and are used to (1) avoid an attack, (2) work in conjunction with an attack, or (3) can be combined as a defense and offense. Because they are unique, DIVES are categorized separately. The chief characteristic of a Dive is the height levels of the head and feet. In a DIVE, the head lunges forward followed by the feet. At a certain period of the DIVE, the height of the feet raises above the level of the head. It is this relationship of height - the feet being higher than the head - that separates a DIVE from a JUMP.
DOMESTIC FORM - Slang for a form of short duration. DOUBLE CHECK - It is the execution of a single, simultaneous,
delivery that restrains, hinders, or prevents an opponent from more than one leverage point. or alternating from taking action
DOUBLECOVER OUT - A single crossover step through reverse, with an additional

step through reverse, to reassure greater distance between you and your opponentes). This gives a greater cover position because, in the process of maneuvering, your vision encompasses two 180 degree angle scans which give you a 360 degree total scanning advantage.
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D •••
···45
DOUBLE FACTOR - It entails utilizing dual movements to defend yourself. These
moves can incorporate any combination of blocks, parries, and checks. It also refers to sophisticated moves which are dually defensive and offensive. REVERSEMOTION is an integral part of this concept.
DOUBLE STRIKE- The use of two natural weapons to simultaneously
strike two separate targets where, more often than not, one of the strikes is residually used as a check.
DOJO - The Japanese term for school or training hall. DOWN-SIDE OF THE CIRCLE - Basically refers to contact being made after
passing the apex or crest of a circle. It is this action that determines it as being a HOOK.
DRAG - The sliding of one foot toward the other while either moving forward,
backward, or to the side.
DRAG KICK - The sliding of one foot to the other prior to the opposite (stationary)
foot executing a kick.
DRAG STEP- The sliding of one foot forward, backward, or to the side before
having the opposite foot step away from it. It is one of the four categorical methods of SHUFFLING.
DRAW-IN - Combat strategy to lure an opponent within range so that contact

penetration can be effectively applied.
DROP(PING) - A rapid descent of your body while

simultaneously delivering a strike. Its execution ~ greatly contributes to the principle of MARRIAGE OF GRAVITY, where the ability to use the weight of your body becomes a distinct advantage.
DUCKING - Sudden descent to avoid being hit. This involves an instant drop of body height in order to dodge or avoid a strike. See BOBBING.
• •• D
46 •••
[EJ ECONOMY OF MOTION - Entails choosing the best available weapon for the
best available angle, to insure reaching the best available target in the least amount of time, while still obtaining the desired result. Any movement that takes less time to execute, but still causes the effect intended. Any movement that inhibits or does not actively enhance the effect intended is categorized as WASTED MOTION.
EDGE EFFECT - Another
~ method of employing SURFACE CONCENTRATION. It too is concerned with the impact force between weapon and target, and the resulting stresses that occur. It follows the principle of a pin or a nail, where the surface of the natural weapon being used is concentrated in order to have a more penetrating effect on the target. See PIN POINT EFFECT and . SURFACE CONCENTRATION. A good example of this can be found in the technique DEFYING THE STORM.
EIGHT CONSIDERATIONS - The eight factors involved in freestyle or combat

that must be considered or anticipated in order to be victorious. Listed in the order of their importance, they are: (1) environment, (2) range, (3) positions, (4) maneuvers, (5) targets, (6) natural weapons, (7) blocks, and (8) cover.
EIGHTEENHAND MOVEMENTS - The original number of hand movements first

developed at the Shaolin Temple in China to defend or attack an opponent. These moves supposedly formed the foundation of Shaolin Boxing.
ELECTRONIC DETONATOR THEORY - The idea that the internal explosion of all
movements should be activated as rapidly as an electronic detonator used to trigger dynamite or other types of explosives. See FUSE and PLUNGER THEORIES.
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E·· •
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KENPO ELONGATED CIRCLES - The lengthening
•••
47
of circular movements so that the paths in which they travel follow a more flattened arc. This maneuver shortens the time of action, and because of the modified angle of travel, is able to strike the target with greater speed, penetration, and force. that are generally single in action and purpose. Although primitive in nature, they form the basic roots of Kenpo.
EMBRYONIC BASICS - Simple basic movements
EMBRYONIC MOVES - Same as EMBRYONIC BASICS. EMBRYONIC STAGE - Refers to the very primitive stage of learning. EMPTY HANDS - A term associated with all Martial Art systems that employ only
natural body weapons while defending or attacking.
ENGAGE - To come together; to make contact with an opponent. ENGINEER OF MOTION - That stage in a student's study where he not only can
dissect motion, inspect it, understand it, and reassemble it like a mechanic, but also build on and from it. At this stage he can rearrange, fuse, or create more sophisticated principles. These may stem from a combination of existing principles, but nevertheless, through the engineer's unique perspective and tailoring, Kenpo's principles continue to expand.
ENHANCED STRIKE- A second weapon, used as an immediate follow-up, pounding on top of the first weapon that was employed.
Hammering is an example of a Enhanced Strike
ENVIRONMENT - Conditions that confront us on a daily basis.
It involves social
and cultural conditions, objects around us, thoughts that are in us, condition of our bodies, weather conditions, ability of your opponent, objects which an opponent may use, and all other factors that influence our chances of survival. It is everything around you, on you, and in you at the time of confron tation.
• •• E
48 •••
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS - The ability to observe daily conditions and
surroundings / and make on -the-spot decisions to either avoid danger / or take advantage of the opportunities offered.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS - Existing conditions when involved in combat or tournament freestyle, which include: rules of a particular tournament, weather conditions, time of day, number of persons involved, character identity, general surroundings, layout, floor plan, terrain, and most important/ your state of mind at the time of confrontation.
ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS - Same as ENVIRONMENTAL WEAPONS. ENVIRONMENTAL WEAPONS - Objects, from your general surroundings,
can be used as weapons utensils, etc. bottles, chairs, ash trays, stanchions, that walls,
EQUATION FORMULA - This is a special formula that one can follow to develop
specific, practical, and logical fighting patterns. The formula allows you a more conclusive basis for negotiating your alternate actions. It reads as follows: To any given basel whether it is a single move or a series of movements, you can (1) prefix it - add a move or moves before it; (2) suffix it-adda move or moves after it; (3) insert-add a simultaneous move with, the already established sequence (this move can be used as a (a) pinning check - using pressure against an opponent's weapons to nullify their delivery, or (b) positioned check - where you place the hand or leg in a defensive position or angle to minimize entry to your vital areas; (4) rearrange -change the sequence of the moves, (5) alter the- (a) weapon, (b) target, (c) both weapon and target; (6) adjust the - (a) range, (b) angle of execution (which affects width and height), (c) both angle of execution and range; (7) regulate the - (a) speed, (b) force, (c) both speed and force, (d) intent and speed; and (8) delete - exclude a move or moves from the sequence.
EVASIVE MOVE - Any move that avoids an attack without blocking. EXAGGERATED STEP- A simplified term used in Kenpo to describe a kick or
stomp.
EXHALE - The expulsion of air during the breathing process. EXHALE VS. INHALE - While both parts of the breathing process are important
to the martial artist, each must be viewed in terms of its individual advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of exhaling is that it helps to
D···
••• 49
stabilize your base during the execution of your moves, and can increase the power of your action as a result. The disadvantage arises when the expulsion of air is not properly timed with the execution of your strike. The timing of your strike and expulsion of air must be in perfect sync" to get the full benefit from your strike. Inhaling has the disadvantage of buoyancy and instability. See BUOYANCY. When your body is unsettled and unbalanced your power is greatly reduced. The advantage when inhaling, however, is that buoyancy can become an asset when moving about or covering out. It seems that the body is lighter and much more free to move about when buoyant. Another benefit can be had by secretly inhaling, retaining the air in you, and then springing into action. Evidence of this special manner of breathing is not apparent to your opponent, and when an attack is launched, the stored air causes the body to explode into action. Explosions of this nature greatly accelerate delivery, and if the timing is precise, the benefits are rewarding.
II
EXPANDED AWARENESS - As one's proficiency increases his mind is proportionately more perceptive and conscious of the details surrounding him.
EXPANDING DISTANCE - Another term describing the increase of range between

you and an opponent. See OPEN(ING) THE GAP.
EXPLOSIVE ACTION - Instantaneous
action or reaction that ignites and bursts from inside out with repetitive succession.
EXPLOSIVE PRESSURE- Bursting aggressive action that keeps constant force on

an opponent, thus preventing him from setting himself up to retaliate.
EXTEMPORANEOUS - Done on the spur of the moment, impromptu,
improvised. Growing out of the occasion: unexpected. Motion becomes extemporaneous when the SPONTANEO US STAGE is learned. Freestyle is a partial test of extemporaneous motion.
EXTENDED OUTWARD BLOCK - A type of block that is delivered out, up, and
away from the body. It is a block used at medium range.
EXTENSION(S) - (1) The straightening

standard belt techniques.
of a flexed limb. (2) Additions
to the
EXTERNAL PHYSICAL WEAKNESS - Self-induced weakening of the body imposed by outward forces such as steam, fire, etc., to humble the soul.
•••
50 •••
EXTERNALSYSTEMS- One of two schools of thought concerning the development

of power through proper breathing. Proponents of this school advocate active and forceful methods of breathing, while their counterparts feel that breathing should be kept calm. See INTERNAL SYSTEMS.
EYELESS SIGHT - The ability to identify printed figures, colors, and objects with just the
surface of the skin-not the eyes. A type of PARANORMALSENSITIVITY.
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F
FACE EACH OTHER - (1) Where two individuals face each other while awaiting
further command. (2) A preparatory command given prior to commencing a freestyle match where both opponents are opposite each other prior to dropping into a fighting stance.
FADE-OUT - To retreat or back away from the action you are involved in. See
COVER OUT.
FALLING - A type of BODY MANEUVER where the body drops to the ground: (1)
to avoid being hit (defense), or (2) after being hit or thrown (offense). This maneuver basically entails the feet remaining on the same spot; however, this is not the case when thrown to the ground. Analyzing it technically, FALLING is an exaggerated method of RIDING an attack. It entails going with the force as you land on your back, side, or stomach. Although RIDING normally occurs while remaining on your feet it can be combined with a FALL.
FAMILY GROUPINGS - Movements that stem from the same source, position,
point of origin, or point of reference. Although these moves stem from the same point of origin, their methods of execution vary according to circumstance. Applying this concept teaches how the first two moves of your initial action could be viewed as Mother/Father moves. Action stemming from Mother/Father moves produce Brother/Sister moves. Secondary, but similarly structured positions, produce Aunt/Uncle moves. Moves stemming from them produce Cousin moves, etc.
FAMILY RELATEDMOVES - The use of the same move or moves against a number
of predicaments that are basically similar in context, but so often overlooked as being similar in principle. For example, the answer to a wrist grab can (via
F·· •
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51
slight alteration) be the same answer to a hair or lapel grab. The basic action is to control the opponent's wrist while striking against the joint of his elbow. The answer to a "rear bear hug", arms free, can also work if the arms were pinned, or if the hug was converted into a "Full Nelson".
FAMILY TREE- A genealogical chart of Mr. Parker's first and second generation
Black Belts (Last updated in 1980). See Volume I of Infinite Insights into Kenpo by Ed Parker.
II II
FAN - A term used in self-defense techniques referring to circular parries. FAST - Generally refers to the speed of your physical action. FASTVS. QUICK - While fast generally refers to the speed of your physical action,
quick equates with mental speed, or the ability to think rapidly.
FEATHERS- A term used in self-defense

techni qu es that refers to th e hair.
FEEL- A word used to describe the foot or

hand as it slides from one point to another. In the case of the foot the concept teaches you to move your foot back very lightly so that you literally feel the ground, when sliding in the hope of overcoming possible obstacles.
FEINT - A misleading move or gesture used to deceive an opponent. See DECEPTIVE

MOVES.
FIGHTING EQUATION - Same as EQUATION FORMULA. FIGHTING POSITION A
defensive posture used ~ prior to or during combat, as well as in tournament sparring. It may be coupled with an assumed stance, or formed when protecting yourself while on the ground, on the beach, in bed, seated in a chair, etc.
• •• F
52 •••
FIGHTING SENTENCE - Combined movements of hands and feet, that are used
defensively or offensively in a sequence.
FIGHTING STANCE - Same as FIGHTING POSITION. FIGURE EIGHT - A path of travel that one or two hands (or feet) may follow which
resembles the number eight. When employing this pattern number eight may be used upright or on its side. of action the
FILET Aspecial Kenpoterm used to describe -
~ a particular method of applying the blade of a knife when involved in a knife fight to peel or slice away layers of flesh.
FILLING THE GAP - Generally refers to occupying the distance that exists between you and your opponent more fully.
FINAL POSITION - The concluding move of a sequence. FINGER SETI - A required set for Blue Belt done from a Horse Stance.
fourteen methods of utilizing the fingers.
It contains
FINGER SETII - A set containing fourteen methods of utilizing the fingers while
moving through various stance changes.
FIRE - A command used to trigger a strike or to commence action. FIRSTCOUSIN/SECOND COUSIN MOVES - These moves can be best understood by discussing Family Groupings. Family Groupings are movements that are similar in context, and/or movements that can stem from the same source, origin, or reference point. They are somewhat related to Associated Moves, and are often referred to as Family Related Moves. Think of your family structure. From your poin t of view you are the central figure, and the family kinships are in relationship to you (your mother, your brother, your cousin etc.). The central core of your family consists of yourself, your parents, and your brothers and sisters. Your extended family consists of your more distant relatives with whom you are less familiar (your aunts, uncles, cousins, and in-laws). In self-defense you are, once again, the central figure. "Me", "my", and "I" are the most important pronouns. You must think of yourself first; think of what you must do to protect yourself; contemplate the benefits of such
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movement for yourself,etc. In Kenpo we can think of the initial defensive positioning of your arms as father/mother movements. A left inward block would be a father movement and the positioning of your right arm would be the mother movement (right arm hanging naturally at your side, cocked at the hip, cocked at the ear, etc.). It is the initial move that protects you. Just as your parents come first so do the protective blocks. Thus, a technique such as Dance of Death has a left inward block as its father, and the naturally hanging right arm is its mother. Flashing Wings, likewise, uses a left inward block as its father, and the cocked right arm at the hip as its mother. The technique, Five Swords utilizes a right inward block as its father movement and the left checking hand as its mother movement. In a crisis, your true brothers and sisters quickly come to your aid; likewise, after your initial block, you can counterattack with your right or left arm. If your counterattack is executed with the opposite arm of the one that blocked, then it is a brother movement. If you counterattack with the same arm that blocked, then it is a sister movement. And so, the techniques Dance of Death and Flashing Wings, after their initial father/mother movement, counterattack with a brother strike; Five Swords counterattacks with a sister movement. Therefore, techniques such as Dance of Death, Thundering Hammers, and Sleeper may be seen to be Family Related. They use the same father/Mother movements and counterattack with a Brother strike. The techniques Attacking Mace and Flashing Wings are Family Related to each other because they have the same father/mother movement, and the same brother hand is utilized to counterattack. Dance of Death and attacking Mace both use left inward blocks as their father movements. These father movements are brothers to each other. Therefore, the right hand counterattacks of the techniques are "cousin" to each other. The left inward parry used in Leaping Crane is very much like a left inward block. It is said to be "cousin" to the inward block. The techniques initial right hand counter is then "second cousin" to techniques such as Dance of Death or Attacking Mace. The ultimate purpose of Family Groupings is to provide spontaneous action through association and familiarity; to help free you from a series of prearranged ideas, and to unite them as one single idea with associated variations. For example, the techniques Attacking Mace, Flashing Wings, and Circling the Storm all have the same father/mother movement, as well as the same brother counterattack. They may then be used as one single idea that may be varied as the situation dictates. Your ability to extend the relationships between family groups will create larger and larger families, and thus fewer single unifying ideas, with a larger number of variations, creating greater spontaneity. The study of Family Groupings can enhance your spontaneity tremendously. Remember that Family Related Moves should be tailored to you. If you perceive a logical association of movements, then you can group them; if that grouping makes you more spontaneous, and it works, then use it. You
•••
54 •••
may also, through your training, discover aunts/uncles, orphans, adopted moves etc. .. as stated above. Please remember that Family Groupings was never meant to be an all-encompassing model for the system. Its use should not be stretched so far that it becomes trivial and nonfunctional.
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE - The furthermost

closest to your opponent) PROTECTION.
part of your defensive posture (but that is initially used as your first ZONE OF
FIRST POINT OF VIEW - It is what you observe from your point of view. Your
understanding or awareness of what is before you, what action you are initiating, and how your opponent is responding to your action.
FITTING - Applying a natural weapon shaped to fit the target being struck. It's like
fitting pieces in a puzzle. The effective penetration of a strike is greatly enhanced when it and its target are fittingly matched. This principle is known as the PUZZLE PRINCIPLE. It, too, is categorized as a method of CONTOURING.
FIXED SLICE - Describes a hand that is rigid, firm, and stable when executing a
slice.
FLAILING METHODS - Methods used when swinging one or both ends of the
nunchaku.
FLAME - Part of the International
Karate Championship symbol (logo). It is symbolic of perpetual friendship and brotherhood which, if kindled by all Karate systems, will glow with a brilliance each year. Its beauty can be paralleled with the art graceful and useful, yet deadly when touched. The three ti ps of the flame represent the three stages of learning - primitive, mechanical, and spontaneous.
FLEXIBILITY- (1) Means to increase the range of motions which are possible in a
joint. (2) Also refers to freedom of thought and action, so that instinctive and extemporaneous responses can randomly and effectively take place.
FLICKING SLICE - A specialized method of slicing with the finger(s) that employs
a whipping action to complete during the whip. its function. Depth of action also occurs
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FLOWERY - Generally refers to fancy movements that look pretty, but fall short of
practical use.
FLUID MOVEMENTS - Moves that flow with continuity,

ECONOMY OF MOTION.
and that contribute
to
FLURRY- Explosive and fast exchange of blows, strikes, kicks, etc. FLURRY FIGHTER - One who uses a series of fast techniques,
(Tournament slang.) and then waits.
FOCUS - Is the result of the entire body working as a unit at the very instant a target
is struck. The concentration of mind (knowledge), breath, strength, and methods of execution must unite as one in conjunction with body momentum, torque, gravitational marriage, timing, speed, penetration, etc. It must be remembered that it is not just the concentration of weapon meeting target, but the entire body meeting the target as one unit that fully defines the term FOCUS.
FOOT MAN - One who primarily uses his feet when competing.
slang.)
(Tournament
FOOT MAN EUVERS- Methods using the feet and legs to transport your body from
one ground point to another while traveling in a multitude of directions. Examples - step throughs, crossovers, twist outs, shuffles (step drag, drag step, push drag, pull drag), jumps, and dives.
FORCE - Use of energy and power with obvious effort. When

viewed it often looks as if it is accompanied by exertion.
FORCE FIELD - Refers to confining your movements
within the aura of your body, so that the strength and effectiveness of your actions are significantly increased. Confining your movements within close proximity of your body for the purpose of controlling your actions. It is this controlled balance of extension and bracing angle that adds to the strength and power of your actions.
~ ~
FORM -Is literally a short story of motion.
It consists of basic
movements of offense and defense incorporated into a dance-like routine for purposes of exercising, training without a partner, or training at home. It is an index of
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56 •••
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KEN PO
movements that gives specific answers, as well as speculative interpretations to combat situations.
FORM I - There is a Short Form I and a Long Form
I. Short Form I is a required Form
for Yellow Belt. Long Form I is required for Orange Belt.
FORM II - There is a Short Form II and a Long Form II. Short Form II is required for
Purple Belt. Long Form II is a requirement for Blue Belt.
FORM III - There is a Short Form III and a Long Form III. Short Form III is required
for Green Belt. Long Form III is a requirement for 3rd Degree Brown.
FORM IV - A requirement FORM V - A requirement FORM VI - A requirement FORM VII - A requirement FORM VIII - A requirement
to demonstrate.
for 1st Degree Brown. for 2nd Degree Black. for 3rd Degree Black. for 4th Degree Black. for 5th Degree Black.
FORM INDICATORS - The use of hand signals to signify the FORM you are about
Same as SIGNIFY or HAND SIGNALS.
FORMULATE - The combining of moves into a systematized order which, when

properly organized, rangement. develops into a logical and practical sequential ar-
FORM- THE-LINE - A command given to students to form a single line to perform

techniques as a means of practice. See TECHNIQUE LINE.
FORMULATION PHASE - This is PHASE III of the analytical process of dissecting

a technique. This PHASEinvolves the actual application of your newly found alternatives to the original IDEAL or fixed technique. Knowing what can additionally happen within the framework of the fixed technique, teaches you how to apply your variable answers to a free and changing environmen t. This ultimate process of combat training can be learned by using the EQUATION FORMULA for fighting. See EQUATION FORMULA.
FORWARD BOW - A stance that can easily be initiated from a NEUTRAL BOW by
rotating on the vertical axis so that the rear hip is even with the forward hip,
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57
the rear leg is straightened, and 60% of your body weight is transferred to the forward leg. The formation of this stance can give you greater reach, enhance your power, and can effectively be used as a leg check, buckle, bracing angle, or break.
FOUR STAGES OF RANGE - Stages of range, within the "gap", that are crucial in
combat. Listed in order of proximity they are (1) OUT OF CONTACT, (2) WITHIN CONTACT, (3) CONTACT PENETRATION, and (4) CONTACT MANIPULATION. Refer to all four under their separate heading. Also review the DIMENSIONAL STAGES OF ACTION.
FRAMING - A method of CONTOUR-
ING where a limb of the body symmetrically forms around another part of the body to establish what literally looks like a frame around the subject. See ANGLE MATCHING and SILHOUETTING.
FREESTYLE- A term used in Karate for sparring. As in boxing, it is a combination of offensive and defensive moves used extemporaneously. To state it differently, it is a combative method of freely expressing yourself physically.
FREEZEFRAME - A method used to isolate a move in order to make study more

exacting.
FRICTIONAL PULL- A method of pulling and unbalancing
an opponent with the use of friction. When anticipated, responses caused by such action can conveniently set an opponent up for additional counters. Friction caused by scraping, hooking, and pulling can induce pain to a much wider area on an opponent's body. The effect of multiple pain becomes an additional asset in that it occupies your opponent's mind to a point where he is not apt to think of retaliation. See CONTOURING since FRICTIONAL PULL falls under this heading.
FRICTIONAL SCRAPE - An aggressive scrape that digs into the target, and
augments the initial impact of the movement.
FRONT CROSSOVER - A type of foot maneuver which involves the back foot
crossing over and in front of the forward leg, or the forward leg moving over and in front of the rear leg, when moving forward or back.
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58 •••
FULCRUM(ING) - Specific areas of the body that are used as supporting leverage
points, to help increase the effectiveness of our actions. See LEVERAGING.
FULLCONTACT - Term primarily used to describe professional freestylists where

actual allows to use below contact, when hitting, is acceptable. Unlike American boxing, which only fists to strike above the waist, Full Contact fighters are allowed the feet, knees, and elbows as additional weapons to areas above and the waist.
FUSETHEORY - The idea that internal explosion, when executing your movements, must not be compared to a fuse on a stick of dynamite. It takes time for the fuse to burn before it can set off a stick of dynamite. Internal explosion must be instantaneous for it to be effective. See ELECTRONIC DETONATOR and PLUNGER THEORIES.
FUSION - The uniting together as one. See BODY FUSION.
GAP - The existing distance between, or that separates, you and your opponent. GAUGING LEG - The leg used to alter the distance between your opponent and
yourself for purposes of offense or defense.
GAUGING OF DISTANCE - The ability to systematically regulate the distance

between opponent and self for purposes of defense or attack.
GEOMETRIC LINE - The concept of visualizing a line that a weapon (natural or

otherwise) or block must travel to reach the desired target. Line, in Kenpo terms, is one-dimensional, and refers to the course of a single point on a block or strike as it travels toward a target.
GEOMETRIC PATH- The concept of visualizing an entire limb being used to block
or strike with, rather than just a portion of it. This concept allows a greater margin for error, since it is the entire path of the action that you are to contemplate using. It works on the "SQUEEGEE PRINCIPLE" where it's not the outer ends of a limb that are utilized, but the entire area between the ends. The outer boundaries of the action form the geometric lines, while the
G···
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area between the outer boundaries constitutes the path. Instead of following geometric lines, we should all learn to employ geometric paths. It insures better protection. This principle can also be paralleled to the concept of UPPER AND LOWER CASE.
GEOMETRIC SYMBOL CONCEPT - The use of circles, squares, triangles, etc. as

visual and mental training aids while learning the angles and paths one must take when defending oneself, or when attacking an opponent.
GHOST IMAGE - The visualization of your

previous position and location, used to analyze the shift (repositioning) of axis points, in order to determine the best course of action. ~
GI - Training uniform used by Kenpo, Karate, Judo,

and Aikido practitioners.
GIFT - A term used in self-defense techniques that

refers to defenses against unfriendly shakes. hand-
GLANCING - A method of striking that is similar to

a slice. The major difference is that the depth of penetration is much greater. It does not skim the surface of the target, but makes a deep penetration.
GOUGE(ING)
it out.
- The thrusting of a thumb into an eye for the purpose of forcing
GRABBER- One who constantly grabs his opponent's gi as a means of distraction.

(Tournament slang.) by a sudden grasp. The grasp entails an opponent with sudden vigor.
GRAB(BING) - To seize an opponent

clutching and snatching
GRADING - See BELT RANKING SYSTEM. GRADUATED DEPTHS- (1) Imaginary depth zones that are viewed from the flank
(profile). (2) Distances that occur between you and your opponent when engaged in combat. These depth gaps are critical if defense or offense are to be insured.
• •• G
60 ••• GRAFTED PRINCIPLE - Is the combining of several principles within the flow of
a single action. As an example, a strike may start with a hammering motion, but conclude with a thrusting action without disturbing the natural flow of the executed move. The term also refers to combining self-defense techniques without disruption in their completed or uncompleted state.
----
GRAFTED TECHNIQUE - The blending of one technique, completed or not, into

that of another without disrupting the continuation of your action. The transition occurs without disruption to the flow of either technique, or series of techniques.
GRAND TOTAL - Complete summation
of your overall effectiveness that stems from unifying all principles concerned.
GRAVITATIONAL CHECK(S) - A form of CONTOURING where parts of an arm

or leg rest on a particular surface area on an opponent's body, and prevent him from obtaining height and leverage. This restriction can detain or prevent an opponent from taking action that can be a threat. Such action generally occurs after the execution of a bracing check, where a vertical drop is additionally applied to pin down the height zone of an opponent even further.
GRAVITATIONAL MARRIAGE - The uniting of
mind, breath and strength while simultaneously dropping your body weight along with the execution of your natural weapon(s). Timing all of these factors with the dropping of your body weight greatly adds to the force of your strikes. This combined action literally causes a marriage with gravity, and makes vertical use of BODY MOMENTUM while employing the dimension of HEIGHT.
GRAVY MOVEMENTS - A slang term used to describe

COMPOUNDING A TECHNIQUE and MOVEMENTS OF PUNCTUATION. It refers to additional application that can stem out of the natural flow of motion in a form or a prescribed self-defense technique. They add flavor to your action, therefore, the term GRAVY. Such moves may not always be obvious in a form or prescribed self-defense technique, but are always within reach of the skilled practitioner. These moves are also known as "HIDDEN MOVES". They definitely add to ones overall knowledge of the "ALPHABETS OF MOTION".
G···
••• 61 GREATER ANGLE OF MOBILITY - A multitude of degrees or paths of approach

that are void of encumbrances.
GUARD - Defensive positioning of the arms and legs in preparation for an attack.
See FIGHTING POSITION.
GUARDED POSITIONS - Pre-set positional checks that can be altered to protect

specifically designed postures of your choice.
GUIDED ANGLE OF DELIVERY - Utilization of parts of your or your opponent's

body to help align and guide your weapon to the target of your choice. This method of contouring has a direct bearing on insuring accuracy. Constant contact with your or your opponent's body is necessary to insure accuracy when applying this method of contouring.
GUIDED COLLISION - The colliding of two or more assailants through

effective use of strategic manipulation.
the
GUIDELINING - A contact method of CONTOURING where an entire surface area

is used to guide your natural weapon to its target. Contrary to TRACKING it follows a path of action.
GUIDING - Anything that points one in the right direction. The contour of the
body is instrumental See AIMING. in accurately directing your strikes to specific targets.
IliJ
HABITUAL BEHAVIOR - Advocates of the Martial Arts who continue to follow the
same trend or pattern for good or bad.
HALF-FIST - A specific formation of the hand that entails clenching the fist part
way. Clenching occurs at the second joint of each of the fingers. When executing this natural weapon it is the second joint of four of the fingers (thumb excluded), that makes contact with the target. See LEOPARD PUNCH.
-... ~-.--------------~----------------
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62 •••
HAMMER FIST- A natural weapon of the hand that is formed by clenching your
fist totally. Strikes are done with either side of the fist (thumb or knife edge), and not with the joints of the knuckles. When viewing its execution, the action resembles the motions used when striking with a hammer.
HAMMERING - A particular method of striking which resembles the action of a

hammer pounding a nail from various angles.
HAND-HELD METHODS - This refers to the various ways in which you can hold
a nunchaku to effectively strike with it.
HAND MAN - One who primarily uses his hands when competing. (Tournament
slang.)
HANDSPEAR - A specific term describing the finger tips when used like a spear. HAN DSWORD - A natural weapon of the hand that is formed by keeping the hand
open with the fingers extended and joined, slightly bent, and thumb tucked in. When employed, it is either the thumb or knife edge portion of the hand that makes contact with the target of your choice.
HARD - Generally refers to moves that are executed with total power.
It is another
term used to describe major moves; hard hitting moves; moves that cause devastation.
HARD STYLE- A system that advocates power with every action. HARM - To hurt, cause injury, or damage. See HURT. HARMONIOUS MOVEMENTS - A pleasing arrangement
contain continuity and economy of motion. of movements that
HARMONIZED POWER - All forces of power in unison. HARMONY WITH THE MIND - Same as MENTAL HARMONY. HARNESSING THE FORCE - The gathering and harmonizing
of all principles, during a particular move or sequence of movements, in order to produce maximum power. As students learn to properly and fully adapt principles to their body type, they invariably learn to employ their energy with 100% efficiency and power.
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H •••
••• 63
HARNESSING YOUR ENERGY - Same as HARNESSING THE FORCE. HEAD HUNTER - One who constantly strikes to the head with either hand or foot.
(Tournament slang.) slang.)
HEAVY FOOT - One who is a strong kicker. (Tournament
HEELHOOK KICK - A natural weapon of the foot that makes contact with the heel
after passing the apex of the circle in which it travels.
HEEL/KNEE LINE - Method of determining the proper depth of a neutral bow and
arrow stance. This is determined by turning both feet straight ahead, then kneeling to the ground on the rear knee so that when it is smartly and naturally placed on the ground it is on the same line (from 3 o'clock to 9 0' clock) as the heel of the forward foot.
HEIGHT DECEPTION - Conditioning
your opponent to accept an established height pattern, then altering the pattern when he least expects it. dimensions that are essential the scientific classifications of the Martial Arts. ~ to
HEIGHT -WIDTH-DEPTH - Three important

understanding
HEIGHT ZONES - One of the divisions of the DIMEN-
SIONAL ZONE THEORY. Zones related to this division encompass protection or attack on three levels. These levels are viewed horizontallyfrom the head to the solar plexus, the solar plexus to the groin, and the groin to the feet. See HORIZONTAL ZONES.
HIDDEN MOVES - Dormant moves that remain concealed until you activate them within the sequential flow of your self-defense technique. These moves have always existed; however, until the IDEALphase of your self-defense technique is internalized you cannot effectively include them as part of your WHAT IF phase of knowledge. It is knowing how to compound the techniques that enables you to bring these hidden moves to the surface. To state it differently, HIDDEN MOVES are sophisticated additions that can be readily inserted within the flow of a prescribed technique. Although potential for these "moves within moves" is inherent in each technique,
•••
64 •••
they are excluded for beginners, and will remain hidden until the student is sophisticated enough for their introduction. Technically, the use of HIDDEN MOVES is the same as COMPOUNDING a technique.
HINGE - The principle point of pivot. "HIT AND GO" - Immediate

technique sequence. departure after employing the last strike of a
HOLDS - To grasp or clutch someone to keep him from escaping. HOOF - A term used in self-defense techniques that symbolizes a horse's hoof and
the effects it can produce in injuring someone.
HOOK - The execution of a natural weapon that makes contact with its target after
passing the apex of the circle in which it travels. In short, contact is made on the down-side, and not the upside ofthe circle in which your weapon travels. When delivering your weapon in the manner described, the position and angle in which it travels generally causes the weapon being used to catch or fasten itself to the target being struck.
HOP - A foot maneuver involving moving forward, backward, or to the side while
springing on one foot.
HORIZONTAL PUNCH - A type of punch which, when delivered straight ahead,

commences with the palm facing up, but concludes with the palm facing down (horizontally) upon contact. See CORKSCREW PUNCH.
HORIZONTAL ZONES - Another one of the categorical ZONES OF PROTECTION.

It basically entails the protection of three horizontal or height levels: solar plexus to the top of the head, groin to the solar plexus and feet to the groin. Also known as HEIGHT ZONES.
HORIZONTAL ZONES OF ATTACK - It basically entails the striking to the three

horizontal or height levels: solar plexus to the top of the head, groin to the solar plexus, and feet to the groin.
HORIZONTAL ZONES OF DEFENSE- Same as HORIZONTAL ZONES. HORIZONTAL ZONES OF PROTECTION - Same as HORIZONTAL ZONES. HORSE SENSE- A slang term for common sense. See COMMON SENSE.
••• 65
HORSE STANCE - A training stance where the feet are slightly wider than the
width of the shoulders. When settling in the stance the toes are turned in, heels forced out, back kept erect, and the knees bent and forced out. It is from this stance that all other stances evolve.
HUG(S) - To hold and press tightly. HUGGING CHECK - Keeping

close to and pressing up against a key area or areas on an opponent's body to minimize the leverage of his action. ~
HURT- To render pain or injury. See

HARM.
HWRANG DO - A Korean Martial

Art system that teaches high principles and philosophies. In addition to self-defense disciplines, advocates cultivation of spirit and health among the youth. are dedicated to the
HYBRID MOVES - Refined moves that require sophistication

These are the shorthand MOVES.
when implemented. moves of Kenpo. See explanation of SHORTHAND
HYPER EXTEND - To extend beyond the normal conditions.
• •• H
66 •••
III
IDEAL PHASE - This is PHASE I of the analytical process of dissecting a technique.
It requires structuring
an IDEAL technique by selecting a combat situation that you wish to analyze. Contained within the technique should be fixed moves of defense, offense, and the anticipated reactions that can stem from them. This PHASEstrongly urges the need to analyze techniques from THREE POINTS OF VIEW. Refer to THREE POINTS OF VIEW, as well as FIRST, SECOND, and THIRD POINT OF VIEW. views of Kenpo that considers defensive and offensive moves to be no more than concepts that vary with each and every situation.
IDEAS - One of the philosophical
I.K.K.A. - The International
Kenpo Karate Association originated in 1956 as the Kenpo Karate Association of America. It was registered with the State of California for the purposes of governing Kenpo in the continental U.S.The KKA.A. was changed to the I.KKA. in 1960 when association members began migrating to foreign countries.
IMPACT ADJUSTMENT - The ability to readjust your balance at the time of impact
or contact. Consideration must also be given to the proper use of body alignment so as to decrease the possibility of injury when contact is made. The term is also related to BALANCE COMPENSATION.
IMPLOSIVE ACTION - Energy and power imploding from inside out. INHALE - The intake of air during the breathing process. INNER - Refers to principles that facilitate the development IN-PLACE - Remaining on the same spot. IN-PLACE STANCE CHANGE - Changing from one stance to another while
basically remaining on the same spot. of the mind.
IN-PLACE TRANSITION - The transferring from one stance to another, or body

position to another, while affixed to the same spot.
I •••
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67
INSERT - The addition of a weapon or move, simultaneous
with, or sandwiched between your base moves. Inserting is part of the EQUATION FORMULA, and is divided into two studies: (1) filling of dead space (SEQUENTIAL FLOW), and (2) its usefulness as a check or strike.
INSIDE DOWNWARD
BLOCK - A particular method of blocking below your
waist that requires your blocking arm to travel from outside, in. May be executed either palm up or palm down.
INSTRUCTOR - One who is in charge of, and qualified to teach, students. INSURANCE - the use of checks, and all other means of protection to prevent your
opponent from retaliating.
IN SYNC - precise unification of mind, breath, and physical forces which when
brought into focus, maximizes your efforts.
INTEGRATION OF FORCES - The unification of power sources, which mayor

may not involve identical principles, that act in sync with each other in order to maximize the move rendered.
INTELLECTUAL - A term used in naming some of the self-defense techniques. INTELLECTUAL MOVES - Moves that are guided by instinct rather than emotion
and experience.
INTENTIONAL MOVES - Execution of planned moves. INTERCEPT - To stop the opponent's

action before it reaches its destination.
INTERCEPTING FORCES - A point in time and space, during your defensive or

offensive action, where the force of your action merges with that of your opponent's action or reaction, to redirect or stop it.
INTERNALIZE - Moves that are so ingrained, that they can be activated instinctively. See NEURO MUSCULAR MEMORY, SPONTANEOUS STAGE, and INSTINCTIVE.
INTERNAL ORGANS - Refers to interrelated
parts of the human body that function together to maintain life. These diverse organs include the heart, lungs, spleen, brain, kidneys, liver, etc.
••• I
68 •••
-~-------
INTERNAL SYSTEMS- This second school of thought believes that power, through
proper breathing, can come from total relaxation. Breathing is slower and deeper. Evidence of special breathing is not apparent to your opponent. When an attack is launched, the stored air causes the body to explode into action. The expulsion of air is short and concise, and only upon contact does the body settle, tense, and brace to enhance the effectiveness of the strike. At the precise moment of contact, all forces - mind, breath, and strengthmerge. See EXTERNAL SYSTEMS.
INTERNALIZE - Moves that are so ingrained that they can be activated instinctively.
INTERRUPTEDFLOW - Any action, planned or otherwise, that disrupts the flow of

a technique sequence. This interference can be caused by: (1) your opponent; or (2) by you, via the use of broken rhythm. Broken rhythm is no more than premeditated stuttering of motion used to baffle your opponent.
INTERSECTING ACTION - A point in time

and space, where your and opponent's action converge. your
INTERSECTING FORCES - A critical point in time and

space where all the ming from various one. The unification insure KIor CHI. The See CONVERGING FORCES. forces of your action, stemangles, merge and unite as of all of these forces helps to converging of power sources. FORCES and COLLIDING
INTONATION
technique
OF MOTION - The manner of applying the final strike to a

sequence.
INTUITIVE - The ability to perceive knowledge without the conscious use of

reasoning.
INTUITIVE AWARENESS - The sense of feeling the presence of someone or

something without seeing, touching, or hearing.
INWARD PARRY - A blocking method that requires your blocking arm to travel
from outside to inside, as it redirects a blow or kick, by riding or going with the force.
IRON - Tournament I •••
slang for trophies.
E~CYCLOPEDIA
OF KE~PO
••• 69
JAMMER - One who constantly crowds his attacker. (Tournament JAM(MING)
slang.)
- A special method of blocking that crowds or forces an opponent's
natural weapon back and against its pivotal joint to prevent it from moving orfunctioning.jAMMING can also be accomplished by forcing an opponent's limb against other parts of his anatomy.
JERK(ING) - An explosive short and abrupt pull,

push, or twist.
JETLAG - A term used in Kenpo to describe all moves that do not stem from their
POINT OF ORIGIN. Time lags result from such actions, and restrict spontaneous responses. See POINT OF ORIGIN.
JIU-JITSU - An oriental form of wrestling known as the "body art".
It involves the
use of twisting, spraining, dislocating, breaking, and other like means against the joints and pressure points of the body. Throwing is also an integral part of the Art.
JOUSTING - A method of employing a natural weapon by placing it in a fixed

position prior to having the body propel it.
JUDO - A more gentle form of oriental wrestling. Referred to as the "gentle way",
it employs grabs, hip and shoulder throws, in addition to arm or leg locks and holds in its application.
JUMP - A method of maneuvering which involves moving forward, backward, or

sideways by vigorously springing or leaping to avoid, or execute an attack.
-~-~-~~--------------------------
••• J
70 •••
K
KAJUKENBO - An offshoot of William Chow's original methods of Kenpo Karate
that was created by Adriano and Joe Emperado of Hawaii. When dissecting the term KAJUKENBO, KAstands for Karate,JU for Iiulitsu and Judo, KEN for Kenpo, and BO for Chinese Boxing.
KARATE - A recent term used by the Japanese to describe the oriental boxing
systems of Japan and Okinawa.
KATA - A Japanese term for the word FORM. See the definition for FORM. KENPO - A modern term describing one of the more innovative systems of the
Martial Arts which originally started in Hawaii, is heavily practiced in the Americas, and has now spread worldwide. KEN means fist, and PO means law. Because of Ed Parker's numerous contributions of innovative concepts and principles, many Kenpo practitioners are referring to modern day KENPO as PARKERKENPO.
KENPO CREST - Logo designed by Ed Parker and brother David

for the American Kenpo System. All parts of the design have significant meaning, and symbolically represent the past and present. The following is a brief explanation of what the crest symbolizes: (1) THE TIGER - represents earthly strength derived during the early stages of learning;
(2) THE DRAGON - represents spiritual strength, which comes with seasoning;
K •••
•••
(3) THE CIRCLE - symbolic of (a) life itself, which is a continuous cycle without beginning or end, (b) all moves that evolve from a circle, whether they are defensive or offensive, (c) the bond of friendship that should continuously exist among system members, and (d) the base from which our alphabet stems; (4) THE DIVIDING LINES - in the circle represent, (a) original eighteen hand movements - directions which the hands can travel, (b) angles from which opponent or you can attack or defend, and (c) pattern(s) in which the feet can travel; (5) THE COLORS - represent proficiency, authority; achievement the in an the
71
and
(6) THEORI ENTAL WRITI NG - is a reminder of the originators of our Art - the Chinese, and represents respect, but not subservience to them; (7) THE SHAPE - (a) the TOP of the crest is like a roof, which gives shelter to all who are under it, (b) the SIDES are concave because, like the roof of a Chinese home, it will send evil back to from where it came, whenever it tries to enter, (c) the BOTTOM forms the shape of an ax - it represents the executioner - which cuts off members who shame or oppose the code(s) of the system.
KENPO KARATE - Term used by William Chow to describe the art he was teaching
in Hawaii during the period of Ed Parker's training.
KEN TO - Is the Japanese term for boxing. KEN means fist, and TO means fight.
Thus, Ken To means fist fight.
KI - The Japanese term for CHI (refer to CHI), where all power sources unify - the
mind, body, spirit - all working together in perfect "sync".
KIAI- Loud noise caused by the rapid expulsion of air from the lower abdomen. The
expulsion of air creates stability, increases force, fortifies the body, and can have a psychological effect upon your opponent. Kiai originally meant "breathing exercise".
• •• K
72 •••
KICK(S) - Generally re-
~ fers to methodes) used when striking with the foot. It also includes striking with the shin} calf} peroneus longus} knee} or other parts of the leg.
KICKING SET1- A set required for Orange Belt that employs the ball kick} side kick}
front and rear leg roundhouse kicks} rear kick} and spinning rear kick.
KICKING SETII - A set required for Second Degree Brown Belt that employs the
front and rear leg chicken kicks} front and rear leg rear chicken kicks} thrusting sweep kicks} side chicken kicks} front and rear scoop kicks} spinning reverse heel scoop kicks} ball kicks} roundhouse kicks} side kicks} and rear kicks.
KILLOR BE KILLED- A method of combat learned by the military during World

War II. It was a condensed form of combat utilizing Martial Art concepts} and concentrating on techniques that brought about instant disability or death.
KIMONO - Term used in self-defense techniques that symbolizes the lapel of a

coat.
KINEMATICS - The analysis of an individual's

physical structure and his personal bio-mechanical approach to a skill problem. See TAILORING.
KINESIOLOGY - The study of the principles of

mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement.
KINETICS - The science that deals with the motion

of masses in relation to the forces acting on them. The analysis of a specific skill} and the effects of force} mass} and energy on the motions involved in that skill.
KNIFE - A bladed weapon made by man that

can cut} pierce} slash} or stab.
K •••
•••
73
KNIFE-EDGE - The outside flat edge of the hand or foot used as a natural weapon. KNOCKOUT - Aterm used to describe an individual struck to an unconscious state.
It is also a term used in some of the Professional Karate Tournaments which competitors are allowed to literally knock their opponents out.
in
KNOWING WHERETO HIT- Having knowledge of which targets to strike, and the
order to strike them in, to render the greatest results for the least amount of effort.
KWOON - A Chinese term for school or training hall.
I~L
·--'------1
~~~~----~
---------
"L" SHAPED PATTERN- Pattern that is followed when doing SHORT FORM
delivery.
I.
LAGGING HAND - Hand that lags in its delivery. A hand that drags back before LANCE - A term used in self-defense techniques when referring to a knife attack. LATERALMOMENTUM - Body momentum that originates from the side, and not
only enhances power, but provides protection as well. The technique SNAPPING TWIG is a good example of LATERAL MOMENTUM. This is rotational force that employs the dimension of width.
LAUNCHING - (1) A type of CONTOURING requiring
~ body contact, where the surface of your or your opponent's body is used to ricochet, leverage, or bounce from prior to traveling to your primary target. Such action helps to accelerate and, therefore, enhance the effectiveness of your strike. As an example, you can have an INWARD BLOCK ricochet into a HANDSWORD to the neck. Your defensive action was used to LAUNCH into an offensive one. (2) Use of a wall or floor to push off from to enhance, support, and brace the delivery of your strikes.
• •• L
74 •••
LAUNCHING
EFFECT - Any action that uses one surface to ricochet, bounce or

support, and brace the delivery of that
push off from in order to enhance, action.
LAYMEN - Beginners in the Martial Arts.

attack an opponent.
LEAP - A type of springing jump used to evade or LEAVES - A term used in self-defense techniques
when referring to the fingers.
LEFTSIDE COVER - This half cover takes place by

shifting the right foot to the right as you turn counterclockwise and face the left flank. Whether facing 12 o'clock in a right or left neutral bow, it is only the right foot that steps to the right as you turn and face to the left. See
SIDE COVER.
LEFTTO LEFT- A fighting position where both combatants face each other with their left foot forward.
LEFTTO RIGHT - A fighting position where your left foot is forward while your
opponent leads with his right foot.
LEOPARD PUNCH - Same as a half fist. See ~

HALF FIST.
LEVERAGE POINTS - Fixed points which, when force or

pressure is applied, can either be used to throw an opponent or prevent him from taking action.
L •••
••• LEVERAGING - Term used to describe one of the methods of

~
75
CONTOURING where the body of your opponent is used as a fulcrum, and your limbs are used as a lever to enhance the effectiveness of your action. Another related term is FULCRUMING.
LIFTING - The raising of an opponent to immobilize him, or

that stage of action used prior to throwing ground. him to the
LIGAMENTS - Bands of tissue which attach bone to bone at the

joints.
LIGHT CONTACT - Usually occurs in Amateur Karate Tournaments
where competitors are not allowed to make heavy contact, and only light contact is allowed. Infraction of these rules can mean disqualification from the match and/or tournament, or points being awarded to the opponent. This is the type of contact allowed at the International Karate Championships held annually in Long Beach, California.
LIMITED RETALIATION - Inability to counter an opponent effectively because of

encumbrances or unfavorable circumstances.
LINEAR MOVES - Movements that are

direct in nature. Moves that specifically follow a straight line or path. Although these moves are primarily offensive, they can be used defensively. They are useful follow ups that often trail circular moves that meet resistance.
LINE OF ATTACK - Path that an opponent follows when attacking you. This LINE
OF ATTACK can come from 12 o'clock, 4 o'clock, 8 o'clock, or from other numbers on the clock.
LINE OF DEPARTURE- The line, angle, or direction combatants can move to when
escaping that will place them in a secure position.
LI N EOF ENTRY- That line or path of penetration that allows you or your opponent
access to targets via vertical ascension or descent. The weapon may be executed vertically, upward or downward, depending on whether you or your opponent are standing orin a prone position. To thwart your opponent's
------------------
•••
76 •••
efforts you may (depending on your lead leg and how it is matched with that of your opponent's lead leg) be (1) on the line of entry, (2) on top of the line of entry (on top of your opponent's foot), (3) inside of the line of entry, and (4) over the line of entry. In contrastto the ANGLE OF ENfRY, theLINEOFENfRY demands a specific path and direction of entry.
UNE OF SIGHT - (1) The
path of a moving target brought into alignment. (2) The direction one faces when forming a stance. This direction is considered to be 12 o'clock when commencing a self-defense technique. who purposely and continuously (Tournament slang.) steps out of bounds during a match.
UNE RIDER- One
LOCAUZED SANDWICH - Strikes

contact with the target.
that are directly opposite each other when making
LOCK OUT - It is a type
of check that is used to briefly detain the action of your opponent. It involves striking a target with a natural weapon, and having the weapon remain on the target for a time before retrieving it. concept that force and penetration can be increased by move sthat fully extend and lock-out at the time of impact. This type of action also acts as a Time Deterrent, and temporarily stops an opponent from regaining his Point of Origin.
LOCK-OUT POWER-The
LOCKS - Moves
that immobilize the joints or other body parts of your opponent, and restrain him from taking further action. They combine methods of pushing, pulling, and grabbing. required for Orange Belt. required for Blue Belt. required for Third Brown Belt. that occurs at arms or legs length. weapons that employ full extension in their
LONG FORM 1- A form LONG FORM II - A form
LONG FORM 111- form A
LONG RANGE ENCOUNTERS - Action

execution.
LONG RANGE WEAPONS - Refers to natural LOOPING-
Aspedalized method of employing a natural weapon that follows a circular path, either vertically or horizontally, commencing at the front, then to the side, and finally concluding over the head. A good example is the "looping back knuckle strike".
L •••
••• LOWER CASE MOVEMENT - Move that

employs, among others, the SQUEEGEE PRINCIPLE, GEOMETRIC PATH, REVERSE MOTION, and ECONOMY OF MOTION. Here, another portion (lower) of the initial blocking or striking arm or leg is used in a combination, either defensively or offensively, because of potentially superior ANGLE OF ENTRY, ANGLE OF CONTACT, ANGLE OF INCIDENCE, ANGLE OF DISTURBANCE, or closer proximity to the next target or weapon. See UPPER CASEMOVEMENT.
77
~-
--~--------~---
MACE - A term used in self-defense techniques when referring to the fist. MAGNETIC FIELD- Confining your movements
Refer to the term FORCE FIELD. within the aura of your body.
MAGNIFIED DAMAGE - Injury that is intensified because of the highly technical

use of principles.
MAINTAIN - (1) To sustain, for a length of time, whatever you are doing at the time.
(2) A command during promotion where a student who has passed his test is asked to maintain his breath to lessen the effect of the kick he will receive as part of the ceremony.
MAINTAIN THE GAP - The strategic use of foot maneuvers,

maneuvers, to continually
as well as body keep at a safe distance from your opponent.
MAJOR AREAS- The majorweak
points of the body; solar plexus, throat, kidneys, eyes, knees, etc. VITAL AREASwhere damage can be most devastating. See VITAL AREASand TARGETS.
--------------------_-
--------------
•••
78 •••
MAJOR MOVES - Strong and positive moves which cause immediate devastation. MANEUVERS - Ways you can move your feet, arms or body to initiate or avoid an
attack. Methods used to close or extend your range.
MANNER OF ENTRY- The method(s) used to approach a target. MAN-MADE WEAPONS - All weapons made by man, excluding weapons (fists, elbows, knees, feet, etc.).
his natural
MARGIN FOR ERROR - The execution of a defensive and/or offensive move

which, when delivered, gives you greater latitude to work with in the event of error or miscalculation.
MARRIAGE OF GRAVITY - Same as GRAVITATIONAL MARRIAGE. Both terms

are used interchangeably.
MARTIAL ARTIST- An individual who is an actual practitioner of the Martial Arts. MARTIAL ARTS- Term that is generally used to describe the self-defense systems
of the Orient.
MASTER KEY BASIC - A single move that can be used in more than one
predicament with equal effect.
MASTER KEY MOVEMENT(S) - A move or series of moves that can be used in

more than one predicament. For example, a rear heel kick, shin scrape, and instep stomp can be used for a FULL NELSON, REAR BEAR HUG with the arms free or pinned, REARARM LOCK, etc. Similarly, an arm break can be applied to a cross wrist grab, a lapel grab, or hair grab - application of the arm break would remain constant, but the methods of controlling the wrist would vary.
MASTERKEYTECHNIQUES - The sequence of movements

that can be applied to a number of predicaments. FAMILY RELATED MOVES. See
MATCHING COUNTER - Applying what your opponent does - scissors on scissors, pin on pin, grab ~ on grab, etc. It is the matching of the same action applied by your opponent to deter his action or cause him pain.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KEN PO
•••
79
MATHEMATICAL AND GEOMETRICAL SYMBOL CONCEPTS - There are three

mathematic symbols; the minus, plus, and times sign and three geometric symbols; the square, triangle, and circle, that can enhance student learning. This concept, can be paralleled with the CLOCK PRINCIPLE, provides similar results, and with them a better understanding of DIRECTION and PATHS OF TRAVEL.
MATTERAND MOTION - The concept that while matter comes in such forms as
solids, liquids and gases, motion (physical moves) can also be applied in a solid, liquid, and gaseous state.
MEANINGFUL DIALOGUE - An adopted term that denotes applying contact of

some significance when working opposite one another. Although contact penetration is somewhat controlled, and no injuries have been sustained, the recipient of such action knows he has been hit.
MECHANICAL - Refers to those whose movements are very staccato in execution

and appearance. Sequence of movements which look as if it is being done bythe-numbers. Movements are robot-like in appearance.
MECHANICAL STAGE - That stage of learning where movements
are clarified and defined, and thus, given meaning and purpose. Movements at this stage, however, are applied mechanically, and a student is more equipped to verbalize answers than to utilize them physically.
MECHANIC OF MOTION - A practitioner whose knowledge is such that he can

analyze, dissect, and assemble techniques. With this ability he not only gains a greater understanding of their principles and counterparts, but can teach as well.
• •• M
80 •••
MEDITATlON - A brief period of mental relaxation used in Kenpo to eliminate outside
distractions. Once this isaccomplished, the student can more fully concentrate on the activities that are to be learned in dass. Taking the time to do this helps to avoid unnecessary injuries which might otherwise occur.
MEDIUM RANGE WEAPON - Anatural weapon that extends no more than half the distance
of a fully extended strike. In some instances, it may refer to using the midway point of a LONG RANGE WEAPON to obtain this desired range. Its use requires total knowledge of prindples for it to be effective. Properly applied, it can be devastating during critical,but opportune moments of exposure. If you lack knowledge of its use, then the opportunities to take advantage of timely exposures diminish.
MEET- Refersto having your movements merge with your opponent's action at a strategic
distance from you.
MENTAL DISTRACTION - Use of deliberate methods to force an opponent to place his

concem and effortselsewhere sothat the realtarget objective isdefenseless.Application of pressure, FEINTING,distorted fadal expressions, and yelling are forms of mental distraction.
MENTAL HARMONY - All functions of the body in total unison with the mind. MENTAL SPEED - Mental speed is the quickness of the mind to select the appropriate
movements to effectivelydeal with the perceived combat situation. Speed of this type can only be increased by practidng on a regular basis.
METHOD(S) OF DISTURBANCE - Tacticsyou can employ to upset, confuse, confound, or

trouble an opponent.
METHOD(S) OF EXECUTION - The manner in which a move is executed to insure

maximum results. Such moves can follow a direct, dipping, looping, hooking, or roundhouse path.
MID-POINT BALANCE - The striking
of body limbs in various (induding opposite) directions while the center of your body mass remains stationary and balanced. This center, or mid-point of your body mass, although fixedand stable,does nothing to detract from or enhance the effects of your multiple strikes. Therein lies the value of its use.
M •••
MID-WAY POINT- It is that location or refuge point that places you equidistant from two
assailants previously encountered.
MIND OVERLOAD - Trying to comprehend
too much at one time. Instead of absorbing and retaining information, the mind gets cluttered with information, and ends up remembering less.
MINOR/MAJOR
PRINCIPLE - The principle that a minor move, while it is subordinate and not devastating in itself, can cause ample damage and/or delay to allow the execution of a major move to occur. Major moves are strong and positive moves which cause immediate devastation.
in the set up and execution of
MINOR MOVE(S) - Subordinate moves which are frequently prefixes, suffixes, or

inserts that are often necessary ingredients major moves.
MIRROR IMAGE/REVERSE - The opposite of whatever you employ. For example, the mirror image of a right outward block is a left outward block.
MIRROR PRINCIPLE - The matching
of stances, positions, postures, blocks, strikes, etc. from the standpoint of a MIRROR IMAGE. MIRROR IMAGES automatically display the opposite side of what you should look like. It can be said that the terms MIRROR IMAGE and OPPOSITE are synonymous.
MIS-COMMUNICATION
- (1) The misinterpretation
intentions. (2) Planned mislead an opponent.
of an opponent's true moves and gestures that are purposely used to
MOMENTARY CONDITIONING
an opponent to accept one thing, then surprising him by unexpectedly switching your strategy. Changes in your actions then allow easy access to other vulnerable targets as a result of his conditioned reaction.
- The ability to condition
• •• M
82 •••
MOMENTARY LEVITATION - Abrief moment
~ of suspension in air prior to using marriage of gravity when kicking or striking. An example of this can be found in the selfdefense technique called the LEAPOF DEATH.
MOMENTARY PREVENTION - Slight detention of

your opponent's actions and/or reactions to avoid a counter that may be intentional, or otherwise.
MONITORING
- The ability to observe your opponent's fighting mannerisms during the course of combat, decipher his actions, and instinctively employ effective counters to his actions.
MOTHER/FATHER MOVES - In Kenpo we can think of the initial defensive

positioning of your arms as father/mother movements. A left inward block would be a father movement, and the positioning of your right arm would be the mother movement (right arm hanging naturally at your side, cocked at the hip, cocked at the ear, etc.). It is the initial move that protects you. Just as your parents come first, so do the protective blocks. Thus, a technique such as Dance of Death has a left inward block as its father and the naturally hanging right arm is its mother. Likewise, Flashing Wings uses a left inward block as its father, and the cocked right arm at the hip as its mother. The technique, Five Swords utilizes a right inward block as its father movement and the left checking hand as its mother movement.
MOTION ANALYSIS - Examination of each of the component parts of the Martial

Arts and how these many elements of motion interrelated.
MOVE - (1) A command used when teaching to cause a student to react during a
particular exercise. (2) The traveling of any object from one point to another.
MOVEMENTS OF PUNCTUATION - Moves that can be randomly or intermittently inserted within a prescribed technique sequence without disrupting its flow of action. They are in-between moves (MINOR MOVES) that are used as additives to enhance the effect and flow of motion. It is synonymous with the terms COMPOUNDING A TECHNIQUE and HIDDEN MOVES.
M •••
••• 83
MOVING UP THE CIRCLE - Refers to having the rear leg of a neutral bow stance
circle clockwise or counter clockwise in order to give reach to the arm that's doing the striking. See SHORTENING THE CIRCLE.
MULTIPLEAPPLICATION - The utilization of more than one weapon employed

simultaneously, consecutively, or intermittently.
MULTIPLE ATTACK - An attack by two or more opponents. MUMBLING MOTION - Movements that are not executed with crispness. They
can be compared with words that lack diction or are slurred when spoken. See SCRIBBLING.
MUSCLE TONE - That state in which some of the fibers of a muscle are in constant
contraction, thus giving it a quality of firmness.
MUSCLING - Generally refers to the application of force minus the use of skill and
strategy. To execute moves with force while lacking the knowledge principles necessary for proper application and maximum results. of
MUSCULAR BRACE - Refers to following the sophisticated principles of kinesiology, where we must learn to position our muscles to act as a brace or support when meeting resistance. All ofthis is done in anticipation of the impact that is to occur. It is related to IMPACT ADJUSTMENT and BALANCE COMPENSATION. See BRACING ANGLE.
MUSCULAR SYSTEMS - An assemblage of fiber cells that can contract or expand

upon signal from the nervous system to produce body movements.
84 •••
N
NATURAL DEFENSES- The use of body parts as defensive blocks or deterrents. NATURAL MOTION - Moves that are native to the body, and that are inherent
when activated. natural. Unnatural moves, through practice, can also become
NATU RALVS POSITIONAL - Natural refers to the normal state of the body, where
the torso and limbs are relaxed and unaffected in terms of posture. Positional indicates that the body posture takes on an intentional, controlled pose or attitude.
NATURAL WEAPONS - The use of body parts as offensive weapons. This includes
using parts of the hand, arm, foot, leg, head, etc.
NEEDLING - A method of CONTOURING that requires two natural weapons to

simultaneously TRACK their way to their targets.
NEURO MUSCULAR MEMORY - The body's ability to function without thought.

See INSTINCTIVE, INTERNALIZE, and SPONTANEOUS STAGE.
N •••
••• 85
NEUTRALBOW - This stance allows for greater mobility than the FORWARD BOW
in terms of retreating or advancing with ease. The width of this stance is formed by having one foot ahead of the other, utilizing the Toe/Heel relationship, that is the toe of the forward foot should be in line with the heel of the rear foot on a 180 degree line intersecting your opponent's vertical axis. The depth of this stance is formed by a Heel/Knee relationship, that is the heel of the forward foot should be in line with the knee of the rear leg when it is smartly and naturally placed on the ground. Both feet should run parallel to each other at an angle of 45 degrees from your opponent. Your weight should be evenly distributed (SO/SO), with your knees slightly bent. See FORWARD BOW.
NEUTRALIZED HANDS - The placing of your hand(s) in a neutral position from

which it (they) can readily nullify an attack, initiate an attack, or trigger a counter attack.
NEUTRALIZING - Methods used to check, as well as nullify an opponent's
action for a brief time period. These methods may employ PINNING, PRESSING, JAMMING, HUGGING, POSITIONAL CHECKS, BUCKLING, etc. It may also include methods used to alter postural positions that momentarily disallows an opponent from retaliating. The latter methods effectively control, height, width, and depth zones of an opponent. This term is not the same as NEUTRALIZED HANDS.
NEUTRALZONES OF DEFENSE(PROTECTION) - These areas are literally zones

where one can find momentary sanctuary. They are synonymously referred to as zones of sanctuary. These zones can be found in the corners of a square that engulfs a circle. (See illustrations.) The theory works on the premise that when an opponent attacks you using a circular motion (delivered vertically, diagonally, or horizontally) you are to take sanctuary in the corners of an imaginary square where the zones are neutral because circular moves cannot make contact with the corners of the square that engulfs it.
NO CONTACT - The ability to execute a strike with control so that no contact is

made with the designated target. This rule is adhered to at some of the Amateur Karate Tournaments.
NO CONTROL - Lack of restraint. Inability to restrain offensive moves from

causing injury.
NONSENSE - Absurdity and foolishness. Lack of common sense. NONSENSICAL MOVES - Absurd use of motion that lacks logic and wisdom
when applied.
• •• N
86 •••
NORMAL FLOW - Sequence of movements that pursue unaltered rhythm. NORTHERN STYLES- Generally refers to those Martial Art systems practiced in
Northern China. These systems place great emphasis on kicking, rolling on the floor, and strenuous acrobatic feats.
NUDGING - Specialized move describing a light push. NULLlFY- The prevention of an opponent's
intentional or unintentional moves.
NUNCHAKU - A weapon used by the Okinawans to overcome their Japanese

oppressors. The weapon itself consists of two wooden handles that are attached by rope or chain. They were originally used to thrash rice stalks.
NUNCHAKU SET- Requirement for 2nd Degree Black.
OBJECT OBSCURITY - The use of one body limb to hide
~ the action of another. For example, after a right two finger hook is applied to the left eye of your opponent, your left hand can then use your right forearm as a track to zero in on the same target. Not until the left two finger poke is almost on target do you retract your right arm. The last minute replacement of weapons makes the second action obscure. This concept parallels the principle of TRACKING and is classified as being a method of CONTOURING.
OBJECTS TO TARGETS- The use of free, loose, or immovable

objects found in our environment in place of our natural weapons to strike targets on an opponent.
OBSCURE ZONES - Those areas of space that are outside of

the boundaries of our peripheral vision. These zones of space are BLIND SPOTS from which action can originate, and be delivered unchecked. Movements involving the penetration of OBSCURE ZONES are more often than not calculated movements utilizing deceptive
o ...
•••
87
angles. Footwork becomes increasingly important when penetrating these zones, especially when the related DEPTH ZONES affect your critical distance. This term is also known as ZONES OF OBSCURITY.
OBVIOUSCARRIES-Amethodin which one could carry a Nunchaku unconcealed

in his belt or pants. Its exposure makes it evident, and therefore, a possible deterrent.
OFFENSE - Offensive moves employed against an opponent

(tournament), or to injure or defeat (self-defense).
to score points
OFFENSIVE CHECK - A single move

which first acts as a check before becoming a strike or hit. See DETAINING CHECK. ~
OFFSET - An assailant who is not

standing directly in front of or opposite you prior to, during, or after a confrontation. When standing and facing you, your assailant's right shoulder is opposite your right shoulder or vice versa.
ONE-LEG STANCE - Commonly used while jumping from one side to avoid a
front or rear attack. The supporting Stance. leg determines a right or left One Leg
OPEN END TRIANGLE - Refers to the positioning of your body parts so that they
form a triangle that has an open end. Use of these body formations funnel, wedge, trap, or prevent an opponent from injuring you. help to
••• 0
88 •••
OPEN(ING) THE GAP - To increase the distance between you and your opponent
for whatever strategic purpose desired.
OPPOSING
FORCES - The directing of two
convergent moving forces so that when collision occurs the impact is greatly increased. If strategically planned and calculated you can use your force in opposition to your opponent's force to defeat him. This is known as borrowed force, that is, it is you who are purposefully borrowing your opponent's force to add to the force of your own strike.
OPPOSITE - The other side or MIRROR IMAGE of

whatever you execute. See MIRROR IMAGE.
OPPOSITE MOTION - The principle that any motion done to one side can be matched
on the other side.
OPTIMUM ANGLE OF INCIDENCE - The best and most ideal angle of contact for a
given situation or desired effect.
OPTIONS - The inherent natural defensive and offensive abilities and alternatives that
work for you.
ORBITALADJUSTMENT -A slight degree change when altering the orbit of your action. ORBITAL CHANGE - Use of the eight directions to orbit your action. ORGANIZED RETROGRADE - Use of reverse motion that is contrary to the normal
order.
OUT OF CONTACT - First stage of the FOUR STAGESOF RANGE. It refers to that stage
of distance that places you out of the reach of your opponent or vice versa.
OUTER - Implies the learning of physical skills and physiological principles. OUTER PERIMETER- That imaginary circle surrounding the head and feet that
offensive" moves should be confined to if you wish to render greater power and speed when executing such action. It is not to be confused with the OUTER RIM principle which requests that you not over-extend or over-commit your defensive" moves.
/I /I
0···
••• 89 OUTER RIM CONCEPT - An imaginary egg-shaped

~ circle that is used as a visual aid. This egg-shaped pattern starts at eyebrow level, and ends slightly below the region of the groin. The larger portion of the egg is positioned at the top. This concept teaches you to confine defensive and offensive movements of your arms and hands to those areas within the imaginary circle. You learn never to over-extend nor over-commit beyond the circle with your arms and hands. To do so not only exposes your vital areas, but limits your ability to counter quickly. Employing this concept reduces the number of openings in your defense, and with them, the odds of getting hit. It is a supplemental aid in the study of the ZONE CONCEPT.
OUTSIDE DOWNWARD BLOCK - A type of block requiring your blocking arm

to travel from inside out. It is used for attacks that are primarily directed to targets below the waist.
OUTWARD PARRY - A block that travels from inside out as it redirects and rides
the force of your opponent's action.
OVER-REACH - To over-extend oneself with a blow or kick needlessly, or to reach

beyond or above a certain point unnecessarily. of such action. Target exposure is the result
OVER-ROTATE - The use of excessive body torque, where torquing beyond a

certain point begins to detract from obtaining maximum force. Beyond this point Directional Harmony is violated, and Disharmony of Direction occurs. "To split your direction is to split your force." See POINT OF OVERTURN.
rnr---~
PACING - The regulation of rhythmic timing. PARAGRAPH OF MOTION - Series of defensive and offensive moves that are
used consecutively, the flow of action. on one or more opponents, without an interruption in
• •• P

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Enciclopedia of Kenpo

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EI\ICYCLOPEDIA OF KEI\IPO

Ed Parker's Encyclopedia of Kenpo version 1.0

Production, Photography, Illustrations, Cover and Book Design by

DELSBY PUBLICATIONS Pasadena, California

TablE! o"f ContE!nts

memory of a great man, we'll remember you ...

ACCUMULATIVE JOURNAL - An extensive notebook comprised of information

slang for one who fakes injury during freestyle or sparring

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KENPO ADVANCE(D) - (1) To move forward toward an opponent.

ADVANCED MOVES - Sophisticated moves that require greater skill to perform.

AGGRESSOR - One who initiates an ~

AGILITY - The development

(l) The pointing ofa weapon (natural or man-made)

AIRBORNE - To move, using air space, to either escape or

AIRBORNE TECHNIQUES - Techniques delivered while

ALIGNMENT - The precise adjustment

ALPHABETOF MOTION - Each move learned, whether used

ALTER- To vary a weapon and/or target within a technique

AMBIDEXTROUS - The ability to perform with equal agility

AMERICAN KENPO - (1) An updated and all-inclusive version of Kenpo, based

- This analogy is ••• A

and explain Kenpo forms and sets. Kenpo practitioners

ANALOGY OF BUMPER/TRUCK - To some, FOCUS is when all sources of power

••• 5 ANALOGY OF FASTLUNCH/WEEK-END DINNER - This analogy explains the

ANALOGY OF JETAIRCRAFT/AIRCRAFT CARRIER- This analogy parallels the principles

ANALOGY OF NOTESIN MUSIC - Acomparative study of music and the Martial

ANALOGY OF PRINT/SCRIPT/SHORTHAND - This analogy best explains the

ANALOGY OF SOLID/LIQUID/GAS - This analogy is used to help students

ANALOGY OF SQUEEGEE - This ~

ANATOMICAL WEAK POINTS - Essential

ANATOMY - The study of the human body

ANCHOR - To weigh down the elbow or buttocks for

ANGLE(S) OF ATTACK - The eight major directions from which you or an

ANGLE OF CANCELLATION - A controlled angle which places an opponent in

ANGLE OF DEFLECTION - (1) That increased angle caused by a block, parry or

(1) Desired angle

(2) Departs to zone of sanctuary

ANGLE OF DESIRED POSITIONING-Another

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KEN PO ANGLE OF DISTURBANCE - That angle which, when

ANGLE OF ENTRY - Any degree, or path (angle) of approach, whether linear or

ANGLE OF ENTRYVS. LINE OF ENTRY- ANGLE OF ENTRYis any degree, orpath

ANGLE OF EXECUTION - Any angle which, when an attack is executed, produces

ANGLE OF GREATESTMOVEMENT - That body position which enables one to

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE - The angle at which a

ANGLE OF MOBILITY - Any degree, or path of approach void of encumbrances.

ANGLE OF NO RETURN- Refers to the position and

ANGLE OF OPPORTUNITY - An angle which, when taking advantage of any and

ANGLE OF PROTECTION - The positioning of your body to give you maximum

THE GAP - Abstaining from approaching

- Awareness of the many angles of attack, other than

VERSATILITY - The available

ANTICIPATE - To monitor action in advance, which results in predicting your

ANTICIPATED VARIABLES - The ability to envision, contemplate,

ARROW - A term used by the Chinese in describing stances, parts of which

ARTICULATION OF MOTION - (1) The combination

ARTICULATION OF MOTION VS. PHONETICS OF MOTION - Articulation of

ASSOCIATED MOVES - Moves that are identical in principle, but multiple in

ATTITUDE- (1) Pertains to an individual's mental disposition, traits of which can

BACKSTOP - A support or brace for a target

BACK-UP-MASS - The use of body weight that is

BALANCE COMPENSATION - The continuous adjustment of your balance each

BANGER - An individual who has no control. (Tournament

BEFORE- A move that is added prior to your BASEMOVE.

BELTRANKING SYSTEM- A colored belt system used to grade a student's ability