Mobile Communication - EC1451

UNIT - 1 : CELLULAR CONCEPT AND SYSTEM DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS

Introduction to wireless communication: Evolution of mobile communications, mobi
le radio systems- Examples, trends in cellular radio and personal communications
.
Cellular Concept: Frequency reuse, channel assignment, hand off, Interference an
d system capacity, tracking and grade of service, Improving Coverage and capacit
y in Cellular systems.
UNIT - 2 : MOBILE RADIO PROPAGATION
Free space propagation model, reflection, diffraction, scattering, link budget d
esign, Outdoor Propagation models, Indoor propagation models, Small scale Multip
ath propagation, Impulse model, Small scale Multipath measurements, parameters o
f Mobile multipath channels, types of small scale fading, statistical models for
multipath fading channels.
UNIT - 3 : MODULATION TECHNIQUES AND EQUALIZATION
Modulation Techniques: Minimum Shift Keying, Gauss ion MSK, M-ary QAM, M-ary FSK
, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Performance of Digital Modulation
in Slow-Flat Fading Channels and Frequency Selective Mobile Channels. Equalizati
on: Survey of Equalization Techniques, Linear Equalization, Non-linear Equalizat
ion, Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization. Diversity Techniques, RAKE receiver.
UNIT - 4 : CODING AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES
Coding: Vocoders, Linear Predictive Coders, Selection of Speech Coders for Mobil
e Communication, GSM Codec, RS codes for CDPD. Multiple Access Techniques: FDMA,
TDMA, CDMA, SDMA, Capacity of Cellular CDMA and SDMA.
UNIT - 5 : WIRELESS SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS
Second Generation and Third Generation Wireless Networks and Standards, WLL, Blu
e tooth. AMPS, GSM, IS-95 and DECT
TEXT BOOKS
1. T.S.Rappaport, "Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edit
ion, Pearson Education/ Prentice Hall of India, Third Indian Reprint 2003.
REFERENCES
1. R. Blake, " Wireless Communication Technology", Thomson Delmar, 2003.
2. W.C.Y.Lee, "Mobile Communications Engineering: Theory and applications, Secon
d Edition, McGraw-Hill International, 1998.
EC1014 TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING AND NETWORKS 3 0 0 100
AIMS
To introduce fundamentals functions of a telecom switching office, namely, digit
al multiplexing, digital switching and digital subscriber access.
To introduce a mathematical model for the analysis of telecommunication traffic.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce the concepts of Frequency and Time division multiplexing.
To introduce digital multiplexing and digital hierarchy namely SONET / SDH
To introduce the concepts of space switching, time switching and combination swi
tching, example of a switch namely No.4 ESS Toll switch.
To introduce the need for network synchronization and study synchronization issu
es. To outline network control and management issues.
To study the enhanced local loop systems in digital environment. To introduce IS
DN, DSL / ADSL, and fiber optic systems in subscriber loop.
To introduce statistical modeling of telephone traffic. To study blocking system
characteristics and queuing system characteristics.
To characterize blocking probability holding service time distributions for in s
peech and data networks.
UNIT I MULTIPLEXING 9
Transmission Systems, FDM Multiplexing and modulation, Time Division Multiplexin
g, Digital Transmission and Multiplexing: Pulse Transmission, Line Coding, Binar
y N-Zero Substitution, Digital Biphase, Differential Encoding, Time Division Mul
tiplexing, Time Division Multiplex Loops and Rings.
SONET/SDH: SONET Multiplexing Overview, SONET Frame Formats, SONET Operations, A
dministration and Maintenance, Payload Framing and Frequency Justification, Virt
ual Tributaries, DS3 Payload Mapping, E4 Payload Mapping, SONET Optical Standard
s, SONET Networks. SONET Rings: Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring, Bidirectional
Line-Switched Ring.
UNIT II DIGITAL SWITCHING 9
Switching Functions, Space Division Switching, Time Division Switching, two-dime
nsional Switching: STS Switching, TST Switching, No.4 ESS Toll Switch, Digital C
ross-Connect Systems, Digital Switching in an Analog Environment. Elements of SS
N07 signaling.
UNIT III NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT 9
Timing: Timing Recovery: Phase-Locked Loop, Clock Instability, Jitter Measuremen
ts, Systematic Jitter. Timing Inaccuracies: Slips, Asynchronous Multiplexing, Ne
twork Synchronization, U.S. Network Synchronization, Network Control, Network Ma
nagement.
UNIT IV DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER ACCESS 9
ISDN: ISDN Basic Rate Access Architecture, ISDN U Interface, ISDN D Channel Prot
ocol. High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Loops: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lin
e, VDSL. Digital Loop Carrier Systems: Universal Digital Loop Carrier Systems, I
ntegrated Digital Loop Carrier Systems, Next-Generation Digital Loop Carrier, Fi
ber in the Loop, Hybrid Fiber Coax Systems, Voice band Modems: PCM Modems, Local
Microwave Distribution Service, Digital Satellite Services.
UNIT V TRAFFIC ANALYSIS 9
Traffic Characterization: Arrival Distributions, Holding Time Distributions, Los
s Systems, Network Blocking Probabilities: End-to-End Blocking Probabilities, Ov
erflow Traffic, Delay Systems: Exponential service Times, Constant Service Times
, Finite Queues.
TOTAL: 45
TEXTBOOK
1. Bellamy John, Digital Telephony , John Wily & Sons, Inc. 3rd edn. 2000.
REFERENCES
1. Viswanathan. T., Telecommunication Switching System and Networks , Prentice
Hall of India Ltd., 1994.
For more details, visit www.annauniv.edu
IT1353 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 3 0 0 100
AIM
To give sufficient background for undertaking embedded systems design.
OBJECTIVES
To introduce students to the embedded systems, its hardware and software.
 To introduce devices and buses used for embedded networking.
To explain programming concepts and embedded programming in C and C++.
To explain real time operating systems, inter-task communication and an exemplar
y case of MUCOS IIRTOS.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 9
Definition and Classification Overview of Processors and hardware units in an em
bedded system Software embedded into the system Exemplary Embedded Systems Embedd
ed Systems on a Chip (SoC) and the use of VLSI designed circuits
UNIT II DEVICES AND BUSES FOR DEVICES NETWORK 9
I/O Devices - Device I/O Types and Examples Synchronous - Iso-synchronous and As
ynchronous Communications from Serial Devices - Examples of Internal Serial-Comm
unication Devices - UART and HDLC - Parallel Port Devices - Sophisticated interf
acing features in Devices/Ports- Timer and Counting Devices - 12C , USB , CAN and advan
ed I/O Serial high speed buses- ISA, PCI, PCI-X, cPCI and advanced buses.
UNIT III PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS AND EMBEDDED PROGRAMMING IN C, C++ 9
Programming in assembly language (ALP) vs. High Level Language - C Program Eleme
nts, Macros and functions -Use of Pointers - NULL Pointers - Use of Function Cal
ls Multiple function calls in a Cyclic Order in the Main Function Pointers Funct
ion Queues and Interrupt Service Routines Queues Pointers Concepts of EMBEDDED P
ROGRAMMING in C++ - Objected Oriented Programming Embedded Programming in C++, C P
rogram compilers Cross compiler Optimization of memory codes.
UNIT IV REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS PART - 1 9
Definitions of process, tasks and threads Clear cut distinction between function
s ISRs and tasks by their characteristics OperatingSystem Services- Goals Struct
ures- Kernel - Process Management Memory Management Device Management File Syste
m Organisation and Implementation I/O Subsystems Interrupt Routines Handling in
RTOS, REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS : RTOS Task scheduling models - Handling of ta
sk scheduling and latency and deadlines as performance metrics Co-operative Roun
d Robin Scheduling Cyclic Scheduling with Time Slicing (Rate Monotonics Co-opera
tive Scheduling) Preemptive Scheduling Model strategy by a Scheduler Critical Se
ction Service by a Preemptive Scheduler Fixed (Static) Real time scheduling of t
asks - INTER PROCESS COMMUNICATION AND SYNCHRONISATION Shared data problem Use o
f Semaphore(s) Priority Inversion Problem and Deadlock Situations Inter Process
Communications using Signals Semaphore Flag or mutex as Resource key Message Que
ues Mailboxes Pipes Virtual (Logical) Sockets Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs).
UNIT V REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS PART - 2 9
Study of Micro C/OS-II or Vx Works or Any other popular RTOS RTOS System Level F
unctions Task Service Functions Time Delay Functions Memory Allocation Related F
unctions Semaphore Related Functions Mailbox Related Functions Queue Related Fun
ctions Case Studies of Programming with RTOS Understanding Case Definition Multi
ple Tasks and their functions Creating a list of tasks Functions and IPCs Exempl
ary Coding Steps.
TOTAL : 45
TEXTBOOKS
1. Rajkamal, Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design, TATA McGraw-
Hill, First reprint Oct. 2003
REFERENCES
1. Steve Heath, Embedded Systems Design, Second Edition-2003, Newnes,
2. David E.Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson Education Asia, Firs
t Indian Reprint 2000.
3. Wayne Wolf, Computers as Components; Principles of Embedded Computing Sy
stem Design Harcourt India, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, First Indian Reprint 2001
4. Frank Vahid and Tony Givargis, Embedded Systems Design A unified Hardwar
e /Software Introduction, John Wiley, 2002.
For more details, visit www.annauniv.edu