Chapter I

Introduction

A. Objective:

This research paper aims to know what drug abuse is and what the harmful
effects of drug addiction are. It also wants to educate the readers on the different
kinds of drugs and what are the characteristics of each. Furthermore, this study has
the basic purpose of preventing drug abuse in our society especially among the
youth.

B. Statement of the Problem:

This research paper will answer the following problems that will help us in
understanding all factors involve in drug addiction.
1. What is drug addiction?
2. What are the reasons why people use drugs? Why do they become
addicted to it?
3. What are the different kinds of drugs that are frequently abused? What
are the harmful effects of each?
4. How can we prevent drug addiction?

C. Significance of the Study:

This term paper will help us understand drug addiction, what are the reasons
why people use and become addicted to it, what are its harmful effects and how to
prevent it.

The study of drug addiction and its harmful effects can be a learning tool to
enhance the students’ knowledge and apply it to their daily activities. This is just
small contribution to various learning skills and knowledge for healthy living in our
country’s society. The project’s goal is designed to help students improve their
lifestyle, develop a sound mind and body, implement a study plan and participate in
various programs in a drug free community. This goal can be achieved through this
term paper that can teach the students the value of staying away from drugs and
help them achieve their goals in life even after high school. The output of this study
can be a resource material that the teachers can disseminate through classroom
interactions.

D. Definition of Terms:

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 Chapter I
Presentation of Data

WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION?

• Drug addiction brings a negative feeling
• Various stigmas attached to them
• Drug addicts do not care about anything
• Now a days many drug addicts maintain a normal functioning life.

DEFINITIONS OF DRUG ADDICTION

1. According to World Health Organization
“Drug addiction is a State of Periodic or Chronic intoxication produced by
the repeated consumption of drug”.
2. According to George. F. Koob
“Addiction is a compulsion to take a drug without control over he intake
and chronic relapse disorder”.

MISCONCEPTIONS
• Drug addicts need drugs daily.
• When stopped using drugs, people go through some withdrawal
symptoms.
• People who use drugs are unemployed, poor or from thinner city.
• But this all is not true to a limit.
• Many drug addicts do not use drugs daily.
• Do not experience physical withdrawal when stop using it.
• Majority of drug addicts are employed.
• They function normally.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DRUG ADDICTION

• Loss of control
• Compulsive pre-occupation
 • Continued use despite negative consequences
MAIN CAUSES OF DRUG ADDICTION
• The Drug
• The Addict
• The Environment

TYPES OF DRUGS AND THERE EFFECTS

1. CANNABIS
o Have a negative physical and mental effect.
o Physical effects like
• Increase in heart rate
• Blood shot eyes
• Dry mouth and throat
• Increased appetite
o Its use can reduce short term memory
o Alter sense of time
o Lack of concentration and co-ordination

Type What is it called? What does it look like? How is it used?

Marijuana Pot, Reefer, Grass, Like dried parsley, with stems Smoked or eaten
Wd, Dope and and/ or seeds; rolled into
Ganja cigarettes
Hashish Hash Brown or black cakes or balls Smoked or eaten

Hashish Oil Hash Oil Concentrated syrupy liquid Smoked – mixed

varying in color from clear with tobacco
to black

2. INHALANTS
• Immediate negative effects
o Nausea, sneezing, coughing, nose bleeds, fatigue, lack of co-
ordination etc.
• Solvents and aerosol spray decrease the heart rate.
 • Its use in large amount can cause violent behaviour,
unconsciousness or death.

Type What is it called? What does it look like? How is it used?

Small 8-gram metal cylinder
Nitrous
Laughing gas or sold with a balloon or pipe
Oxid Vapors inhaled
Whippets propellant for whipped cream in
e
aerosol spray can
Amyl Nitrite Poppers or Snappers Clear yellowish liquid Vapors inhaled
Rush, Bold, Bullet,
Butyl Nitrite Locker Room, and In small bottles Vapors inhaled
Climax

3. COCAINE
• Stimulates central nervous system
• Immediate effects
• Dilated pupils
• Elevated blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and body
temperature.
• Occasional use cause a runny nose.
• Injecting it with contaminated equipment can cause aids.

What does it look

Type What is it called? How is it used?
like?
Coke, snow, nose candy, flake,
White crystalline
Cocaine blow, big C, lady, white and Inhaled, injected
powder
snowbirds
White to tan pellets or
Crack
Crack, rock, freebase crystalline rocks that Smoked
cocaine
look like soap

4. OTHER STIMULANTS
• Can cause increased heart and respiratory rates.
 • Elevated blood pressure, dilated pupils, decreased appetite.
• Users may experience sweating, headache, blurred vision, dizziness,
sleeplessness and anxiety.
• High doses can cause irregular heartbeat tremors, loss of co-ordination
and even physical collapse.
• These symptoms usually disappear when drug use ceases.

Type What is it called? What does it look How is it

like? used?
Amphetamines Speed, uppers, Ups, Capsules, pills, tablets Taken orally,
black beauties, Pep injected,
pills, Copilots, inhaled
Bumblebees, Hearts,
Benzedrine, Dexedrine,
Footballs and
Biphetamine
Additional Ritalin, cylert, prludin, Pills or capsules Taken orally,
stimulants didrex, pre-state, injected
voranil, sandrex and
plegine

5. DEPRESSANTS
• Effects are similar to the effects of alcohol.
• Small amount can produce calmness.
• Large doses can cause slurred speech, staggering gait and altered
perception.
• Very large doses can cause respiratory depression, coma and death.
• Its regular use can result in physical and psychological addiction.

Type What is it called? What does it look How is it used?

like?
Barbiturate Downers, barbs, blue devils, redRed, yellow, blue,Taken orally
s devils, yellow jacket, yellows,or red and blue
Nembutals, Tuinals, Seconal, andcapsules
amytal
Methaqualo Qualudes, Ludes, Sopors Tablets Taken orally
ne
Tranquilizer Valium, Librium, miltown, serax,Tablets or capsules Taken orally
s equanil, miltown,and Tranxene

6. NARCOTICS
• Produce a feeling of Euphoria.
• Causes drowsiness, nausea and vomiting.
• User may experience watery eyes, itching.
• Overdose may cause slow breathing, clammy skin, convulsion, coma and
death.
• Addiction in pregnant women can lead to premature, still born as addicted
infants.

Type What is it called? What does it look How is it used?

like?
Heroin Smack, horse, mud, brown White to dark-brown Injected,
sugar, junk, black tar, and powder or tar-like smoked, or
big h substance inhaled
Codeine Empirin compound with Dark liquid varying in Taken orally,
codeine, Tylenol with thickness, capsules, injected
codeine, codeine in cough tablets
medicine
Morphine Pectoral syrup White crystals, Taken orally,
hypodemic tablets, or injected, or
inject able solutions smoked
Opium Paregoric, dover’s powder, Dark brown chunks, Smoked, eaten,
parepctolin powder or injected
 7. ALCOHOL
• Causes a number changes in behaviour.
• Low doses can increase variety of aggressive acts like spouse and child
abuse.
• Very high doses can causes respiratory depression and death.
• Continued use can lead to dependence.
• Sudden cessation in it can produce withdrawal symptoms like severe
anxiety, tremors, hallucinations, and convulsion.
• Permanent damage to vital organs such as brain and liver.

8. TOBACCO
• Chief cause of death in our society.
• Smokers suffer from various heart diseases.
• Some 170000 die each year from smoking.
• Kidney cancers also strike smokers at increased rate.
• Some 30% cancer deaths (130000 per year) are linked to smoking.
• Various lungs diseases are 10 times more likely to occur among smokers
than non smokers.
• Smoking during pregnancy also posis serious risks.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DRUG ADDICTS

• Anger
• Talking about drugs
• Prefer to stay alone
• Wearing sunglasses and full sleeves shirts at all times.
• No longer spending time with friends who don’t use drugs.
• Change in mood, eating and sleeping habbits.
• Talk rudely and make in appropriate remarks.

DRUG ADDICTION - IN TEENAGERS

 “As a teenagers, the likelihood that you will be exposed to drugs and alcohol
is very high.”

HOW TO RECOGNISE DRUG ABUSE IN TEENAGERS?

• SCHOOL PERFORMANCE
o Active dislike for school
o Makes excuses to stay at home
o Drop in performance
• PHYSICAL HEALTH
o Listlessness
o Apathy
o Reduced self care
• APPEARANCE
• PERSONAL BEHAVIOUR
• MONEY
• ALWAYS COME LATE AT NIGHT

STEPS TO PREVENT THE USE OF DRUGS AMONG TEENAGERS

• Normalizing Abstention
• Assertiveness Training
• Building self confidence and self worth
• Parental Education
• Communication at Home

ADDICTION TREATMENTS–PAST AND PRESENT

• In the past drug addiction was a moral flaw.
• Popular treatments involved imprisonment, sentencing to asylums, church
guided prayers etc.
• These methods were ineffective.
• Modern treatments are based on scientific research.
• Today’s methods are very effective.
• 40 – 70% of the patients remain drug free.
TREATMENTS
• Detoxification
• The challenge of treating drug addiction in jail.
• Behavioural therapy
• Relaxation Therapy
• Counselling
• Meditation

Effects of Drugs

Drugs make people bad

A common idea taught to young children to stop them from trying different
drugs. This is just another stereotype that is pushed on people. Drugs don’t make
people commit crime, drugs don’t make people kill.
Drugs can make people bad, but it is close-minded to think that all drugs turn
people into somebody worse than they originally were. Some drugs are used to
calm people down, and reduce their violent tendencies. Some drugs are highly
addictive, and cause people to commit rime to pay for more drugs. Other drugs
make people hallucinate. Some drugs make people more aware of thins around
them. Other drugs make people vegetable; some cause people to become
dependant on them. But use wisely, drugs a foster creativity, and a new state of
mind. Drugs themselves don’t make people bad. The people weren’t forced to use
drugs, in the end it is their own personality flaws, the drugs only worsened their
problems.

Effects of drug addiction on health

If left unchecked, the drug is going to win. Drug abuse is a disease of the
brain, and the drugs change brain chemistry, which results in a change in behavior.
Aside from the obvious behavioral consequences of addiction, the negative effects
on a person’s health are potentially devastating.
While addicts use rugs to “feel better,” the unintended consequences include
but are not limited to overdose, HIV/AIDS, stoke, cardiovascular disease and most of
related maladies.

Effects of drug addiction on the family

One of the saddest aspects of the insidious nature of drug addiction is that by
the time an addict realizes he/she has a problem, that problem has already taken a
heavy toll on the family. Parents in treatment centers tell counselors and therapists
that they want to “get their kids back,” as drug addiction has taken over to the
point where the courts have been forced to remove the children from the home.
Husband and wives, brothers and sisters, and sadly children are all impacted.
Families can be sources of strength and support, or they can passively enable the
addiction to advance. Families can share in the victory over drug addiction, or they
can be the victims of it.

Effects of drug addition on the economy

Beyond the personal health issues, beyond the devastating effects on
families, beyond community crime statistics, drug addiction has a major impact on
the American Economy. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reported that some
$67 billion per year is the impact that drug addiction has on this country. This total
includes the cost of law enforcement, incarceration, treatments, traffic injuries, lost
time in the work place, etc. Drug addiction causes impaired reasoning, and
therefore the crime rate is dramatically impacted by drug use. Addicts have a much
higher likelihood of committing rimes than others.

Effects of drug addiction on the law

The news media report daily struggles with theft, drive-by shootings, drug
busts, illegal trafficking and manufacturing of drugs, and arrests for crime ranging
from child neglect to murder. Look closer and chances are treating that you will
uncover a drug addiction component to any of these stories.

Effects of drug addiction on our society

 The National Library of Medicine estimates that some 20% of all people in the
United States have used prescriptions medication for non-medical purpose. We’re
not talking about cocaine, heroin or methamphetamine use, but doctor-prescribed
mediation. You can easily see that if you group the two together, illegal drug use
and prescription drug misuse, we have a hue problem.

CONCLUSIONS –
What we must do about drugs?
 Toughen penalties against all those who makes profit from drug trade.
 Prevention in schools
 Road Safety
 Expansion of residential treatment programmes
 Tighten up the laws of selling and promoting tobacco and alcohol.
 Encourage drug free culture.