INDUSTRIAL TRENDS IN RETAIL SECTOR

Major Research Project

Submitted to Punjab Technical University in partial

fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
degree of

MASTER
OF
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Department of Management Studies

Amritsar College of Engineering &
Technology
Amritsar
(2008-2010)
Affiliated to
Punjab Technical University
Supervised by:
Submitted by:

Mr. Maninder singh Akshat

bhandhari

Lecturer MBA IVth

Sem
 College Roll No.: 2208004

Univ.Roll.
No. : 80602317004

CERTIFICATE – I
This is to certify that this Research Project entitled,

“Investors Perception Regarding Industrial trend”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the

degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA), at

Amritsar College of Engineering & Technology, Amritsar,

affiliated to Punjab, Technical University, Jalandhar; is a

bonafide research work carried out by Akshat bhandari,

(MBA IV) under my Supervision, and no part of this Project

Report has been submitted for any other degree. The

assistance and help Received during the Course of the

Project has been fully acknowledged.

Mr. Maninder singh

Lecturer Department of Management Studies

ACET College, Amritsar

 CERTIFICATE – II

This is to certify that this Research Project the entitled,

“Investors Perception Regarding web advertising ”

Submitted by Akshat bhandhri, University Roll No:

80602317018 to Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar in

the Partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Business

Administration (MBA), has been Approved by the student’s

Advisory Committee after an oral Examination on the

same, in Collaboration with an External Examiner.

Internal Examiner External

Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I feel privileged to express my deep sense of gratitude to

my respected guide Ms. Maninder singh without whose

able guidance, cooperation and Supervision the Research

could not have taken its present form.

I will be failing in my pursuit, if I don’t mention the moral

and financial assistance of my parents. I also acknowledge

the support provided to me by the various Respondents.

I also acknowledge the help rendered to me by the

teachers of Management department, friends and

respondents.

Akshat bhandari
 CONTENTS

S. Description Page
No. No.

1. INTRODUCTION

• Introduction to mutual funds

• Origin

• Concept

• Structure and regulation of mutual fund

• History of mutual fund

• Types of mutual fund

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Mutual

funds

• Mutual funds companies in india

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3. OBJECTIVES & LIMITATIONS OF THE

STUDY

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

5. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION

The Global Retail Scenario

Large format retail businesses dominate the retail landscape in the United States and
across Europe, in terms of retail space, categories, range, brands, and volumes. Indian
retail industry cannot hope to learn much by merely looking at the Western success
stories in retail. Their scales of operations are very huge, the profit margins that they
earn
are also much higher and they operate in multiple formats like discount stores,
warehouses, supermarkets, departmental stores, hyper-markets, convenience stores
and
specialty stores.. The economy and lifestyle of the West is not in line with that of
India
and hence the retailing scene in India has not evolved in the same format as the West
nor
can we learn valuable lessons from their style of operations.
In retailing, the conventional wisdom used to be, that, the critical success factor was
location. But precise location no longer matters and geo-demographics is increasingly
becoming irrelevant. The leading multiple chain retailers, superstores and malls create
their own centres of gravity, attracting customers by car, bus, train or even by plane to
wherever they are located.
The growth of multiple chain retailers has been relentless for many years in the west
and
this has been accompanied by the development of retail names as brands in their own
right. Discount retailer Wal-Mart has catapulted to the top of the Fortune 500 rankings
in
the U.S. with a turnover of $258 billions (2003 revenues – the basis for 2004
rankings),
ahead even of oil major Exxon Mobil and the mammoth manufacturing giant General
Electric. A ruthless policy, of, ‘Always Low prices. Always.’ has brought Wal-Mart
to
the top. On the day after Thanksgiving in November 2002, Wal-Mart sales hit $1.43
billion in one single day.
Wal-Mart and Nordstrom in the U.S. and Sainsbury’s and Marks & Spencer in the
U.K.
have grown by rapid geographic expansion in their own countries. Specialists like
Benetton of Italy and IKEA of Sweden and The Body Shop of the UK are
international and the fast food chains like McDonald’s and Pizza Hut are everywhere.
The same
products are increasingly available from the same names on every continent. Retailers
worldwide have immensely benefited from the sustained growth of the disposable
income
of their global consumers.
Geographic saturation
The end of the nineties has signified a turning tide of retailer power. The limit to retail
ambition is geographic saturation. There is already a fear that the U.S is ‘over-
malled’,
that available shopping space exceeds customer demand for products. The retailer
logic
that ‘if we build new stores they will come’, is being belied. Many retailers have
started
postponing their store expansion plans. The track record of some of their international
store expansions is also not promising.
Category killer competition
The threat of saturation is accompanied by a new competition from the low cost
category
killers. Specialist competition is eating away at the market share and forcing down the
prices and gross margins of the multiple chains. The success of the giant killers in the
toys segment – Toys R Us and in home furnishings – Home Depot, in the are a case in
point.
Alternative shopping channels.
The newest retail format that is showing growth in the U.S., and is more frightening
for
retailers than for consumers, is the Internet. The potential for on-line shopping which
is
growing in the U.S. questions retailers’ investments in more physical sites and stores
and
makes it imperative that they too explore the new agenda of ‘E-retailing’ or ‘e-
tailing’.

The Indian Retail Scene

India is the country having the most unorganized retail market. Traditionally it is a
family’s livelihood, with their shop in the front and house at the back, while they run
the
retail business. More than 99% retailers function in less than 500 square feet of
shopping
space. Global retail consultants KSA Technopak, have estimated that organized
retailing
in India is expected to touch Rs 35,000 crore in the year 2005-06. The Indian retail
sector
is estimated at around Rs 900,000 crore, of which the organized sector accounts for a
mere 2 per cent indicating a huge potential market opportunity that is lying in the
waiting
for the consumer-savvy organized retailer.
Purchasing power of Indian urban consumer is growing and branded merchandise in
categories like Apparels, Cosmetics, Shoes, Watches, Beverages, Food and even
Jewellery, are slowly becoming lifestyle products that are widely accepted by the
urban
Indian consumer. Indian retailers need to advantage of this growth and aiming to
grow,
diversify and introduce new formats have to pay more attention to the brand building
process. The emphasis here is on retail as a brand rather than retailers selling
brands.
The focus should be on branding the retail business itself. In their preparation to
face
fierce competitive pressure, Indian retailers must come to recognize the value of
building
their own stores as brands to reinforce their marketing positioning, to communicate
quality as well as value for money. Sustainable competitive advantage will be
dependent
on translating core values combining products, image and reputation into a coherent
retail
brand strategy.
There is no doubt that the Indian retail scene is booming. A number of large corporate
houses — Tata’s, Raheja’s, Piramals’s, Goenka’s — have already made their foray
into
this arena, with beauty and health stores, supermarkets, self-service music stores, new
age
book stores, every-day-low-price stores, computers and peripherals stores, office
equipment stores and home/building construction stores. Every retail category has
been
attacked, by the organized players today. The Indian retail scene has witnessed too
many
players in too short a time, crowding several categories without looking at their core
competencies, or having a well thought out branding strategy. To illustrate, the Indian
lifestyle/fashion retail scene is already exhibiting the following characteristics, which
do
not augur well for its future:
Lack of store differentiation : Leading retail stores like Shoppers Stop, Lifestyle,
Ebony,
Globus, and Pyramid, offer common brands, similar ambience, and a commitment to
improved service. Where is the scope for differentiation and brand building? Can
these
retailers hope that location and ambience alone will do the trick?
Merchandising muddle : Mumbai’s original retailers of Mumbai —, Amarsons,
Akbarallys, Benzer, Premsons — have experienced no decrease in traffic in their
stores,
even after Pyramid and Westside opened shop. These retailers exploit what they know
best — what the customer wants with regard to product, selection and price — and
ensure
their customers do not go back disappointed. Consumer insights built over their years
of
experience in business is helping them to hold the fort against the onslaught of the
new
players on the horizon.
The organized new generation Indian retailers (Shoppers Stop and Westside) have
recruited senior retail persons from abroad, who have the expertise in setting up
systems
and procedures, but they are going to take a long while to tune into the psyche of the
Indian consumer.
With the permutations and combinations of seasons, fashions and regional
preferences,
merchandising is at the best of times a complex task. India’s cultural diversity poses
additional challenges to the merchandisers requiring them to be aware of local tastes
and
to be able to compete with the local retailer in terms of market knowledge and speed
of
response. While technology and systems are no doubt enablers, there can be little
substitute for experience and insight.
Lack of labels/suppliers: Organized Indian retailing has to face the situation of lack of
professional suppliers who are accustomed to deadlines, systematic in their
production
and consistent with their quality. Often, the local suppliers do not have financial
strength
or production infrastructure or discipline. Indian merchandisers are forced to
compromise due to a true lack of choice — which leads to huge unsold stocks and
reduced
profitability to the retailers.

Retail brand building

Product brands make life easier. They make it possible to recognize products, which
simplifies the decision making process. Furthermore, product brands make the
consumer
a part of a group, they create a sense of belonging. But retail brands do even more
than
that. These brands are visible platforms for kindred spirits: the physical shop is a
container for the entire retail formula and therefore constitutes a large part of the retail
brand. The tangible nature of retail makes the familiar slogan ‘experiencing the brand’
most logical of all, in a physical store.
Retail brands have gained in popularity in the past few years. Indeed, they have a
number
of advantages above product brands. In the first place, they are closer to the
consumer.
The physical store space offers the possibility of literally and figuratively
communicating
with consumers at the moment of purchase (one-to-one marketing). Retailers can
show
who they are and what they stand for through the store formula. Moreover, in
principle,
retailers are neutral, because the choice of product brand (or store brand, if present) is
left
to the consumers. Retailers help consumers because they make a shrewd pre-selection
and present their product assortment in a specific manner. Once a consumer knows
and
trusts a retailer and has good experiences and memories about a store, the foundation
has
been laid for a long-lasting relationship that will ultimately lead to customer loyalty.
Retail branding creates a brand preference, which goes beyond the product or
service
in itself.

Retail in India is still at a very early stage. Most retail firms are companies from
other industries that are now entering the retail sector on account of its amazing
potential. There are only a handful of companies with a retail background. One such
company is Nilgiri’s from Bangalore that started as a dairy and incorporated other
areas in its business with great success. Their achievement has led to the arrival of
numerous other players, most with the backing of large groups, but usually not with a
retail background. Most new entrants to the India retail scene are real estate groups
who see their access to and knowledge of land, location and construction as prime
factors for entering the market.
The Indian organized retail sector. The relaxation by the government on regulatory
controls on foreign direct investments has added to the process of the growth of the
Indian organized retail sector.

The emerging trends in the Indian organized retail sector would help the economic
growth in India.

There is a fantastic rise in the Indian organized retail sector in a very short period of
time between 2001 and 2006. Eventually, out of the shadows of the unorganized retail
sector, India has a chance of tremendous economic growth, both in India and abroad.

The emerging trends in the Indian organized retail sector are also adding up to the
development of

The infrastructure of the retail sector will evolve radically in the recent future. The
emergence of shopping malls are increasing at a steady pace in the metros and there
are further plans of expansion which would lead to 150 new ones coming up in India
by 2008. As the count of super markets is going up much faster than rate of growth in
retail sector, it is taking the lions share in food trade.

The growth of the Indian organized retail sector is anticipated to be heavier than the
growth of the gross domestic product. Alterations in people's lifestyle, growth in
income levels, and encouraging conventions of demography are proving favorable for
the new emerging trends in the Indian organized retail sector.

The success of this retail sector would also lie in the degree of penetration into the
lower income strata to tap the possible customers in the lowest levels of society. The
demands of the buyers would also be enhanced by more access to credit facilities.

With the arrival of the Transnational Companies (TNC), the Indian retail sector will
undergo a transformation. At present the Foreign Direct Investments(FDI) is not
encouraged in the Indian organized retail sector but once the TNC'S get in they
inevitably try to oust their Indian counterparts. This would be challenging to the retail
sector in India.
The trends to follow in the future:

• The Indian Organized retail sector will grow up to 10% of total retailing by
2010.

• No one single format can be assumed as there is a huge difference in cultures

regionally.

• The most encouraging format now would be the hypermarts.

• The hypermart format would be further encouraged with the entry of the
TNCs.
 Trends

Main Trends in the Retail Industry

Increased fragmentation, specialization and differentiation

Customer value drivers will fragment more and more. There is no more an "average
customer" who will buy average products. Customers are increasingly divided into
low-cost commodities buyers and high-value, premium brand buyers. Retailers will
have to accommodate this change and offer products that will appeal to these different
customer types.

Mega-retailers are concentrating on low-cost commodities buyers and their

geographical coverage will rapidly increase. They will also break traditional
product/service categories, and they will blur market segments while increasing their
market share. Other retailers will have to specialize and differentiate themselves in
order to survive.

Consistency throughout all channels

Customers get a lot more information about products through several channels. For
example, customers use the Internet to browse and compare different products before
they make their purchase decision. Then they might visit the store or e-commerce site
and make the purchase. Retailers must be able to present to customers coherent
product information across all available information channels.

It should not matter whether the customer will make the purchase online or at the
store, they should get similar kind of benefits and service. Store clerks should have
easy access to product data so that they can better serve demanding customers. They
need to be aware of campaigns and benefits that are presented outside of the store. For
example, how many times have you seen a special campaign on the Internet and when
you enter the store, nobody knows about it?

Utilizing valuable customer data

Retailers collect a lot of information about customers and use it to detect customers'
buying patterns. Good examples of this are customer loyalty cards. The data collected
helps retailers to customize their product selection so that it better serves customer
needs. It also opens a possibility to up sell related products that are interesting to these
customers. A good example is an online bookstore that offers a customer new books
based on the information gathered from other customers with similar buying patterns.
The customer is more satisfied and hence more likely to return to shop at the same
place.

New value networks deliver greater value to customers

Driven by escalating expectations from customers and stakeholders, leading retailers

are rethinking their business models and searching for ways to become more agile,
responsive and efficient. They are morphing their traditional, vertically integrated
value chains into more flexible "value networks" that allow them to deliver greater
value to customers, with each company in the network contributing its own unique
capabilities
 INDUSTRY TRENDS

In industry trends we are discussing the retail sector in India.

1. Size of the market(in terms of value):- The size of the retail sector in India is
US $300 billion. Well over 95% of the market is unorganized.

Retailing in India is the largest private sector and second to agriculture in

employment. India has highest retail outlet density around 1.5 crores retail outlet.
The retail sector contributes about 10 -11 % to Indian GDP and it is valued at an
estimated Rs 93 000 crores out of which organized retail industry around Rs
35000 crores.

Organized retailing is primarily urban centric, its share as representated in

urban scenario is projected to be 12-20% growing at more than 30% the organized
sector is deriving the retail growth in India and contributes significantly to the
growth of economy ….

The substitute of organized sector in India is the unorganized market India is the
country having the most unorganized retail market. Traditionally it is a
family’s livelihood, with their shop in the front and house at the back, while they run
the retail business. More than 99% retailers function in less than 500 square feet of
shopping space. Global retail consultants KSA Technopak, have estimated that
organized retailing in India is expected to touch Rs 35,000 crore in the year 2005-06.
The Indian retail sectors estimated at around Rs 900,000 crore, of which the organized
sector accounts for a mere 2 per cent indicating a huge potential market opportunity
that is lying in the waiting for the consumer-savvy organize retailer. Purchasing
power of Indian urban consumer is growing and branded merchandise in categories
like Apparels, Cosmetics, Shoes, Watches, Beverages, Food and even Jewellery, are
slowly becoming lifestyle products that are widely accepted by the urban Indian
consumer
2.Major players :- RELIANCE, ITC, DABUR, MARICO, HLL,

DIFFERENT RETAIL FORMAT

Store’s Group Format retailor’s

Shoppers stop Raheja’s Departmental store

Pantaloon’s Future Departmental store

Big Bazaar Future Hypermarket

Food world RPG Group Super market

Fun republic Zee Entertainment

IKEA IKEA Specialty chain

Kirana’s,kiosk’s, Privately owned Traditional mom an pop

Street market, stores
Nike, Reebok, Dedicated brand outlets
Zodiac etc
Tata Trent Tata’s Corporate houses

Wills life style ITC Corporate houses

EXPECTED GROWTH :-

As the disposable income of the middle class households buying power is increasing.

20.9%* growth in real disposable income in ’99-’03.

Affordability growth

- Falling interest rates

- Easier consumer credit

 - Greater variety and quality at all price points

- Due to above factors anticipated growth:-

- Forecast Growth rate for the retailing industry is roughly 8.3% for 2003-08

- Sales from large format stores would rise by 25-50%

2006 2010 2015

3.Initiative’s taken by Government

International retailers can invest in Indian retail sector only through these
ways:

- Strategic license agreement

- Franchising

- Cash and carry wholesale trading

 Government has allowed 51% FDI in single brand retail outlets and 100% FDI
in wholesale trade alone.

In Budget 2005 Finance announced up to 74% FDI in the organized retail

sector

4.FDI in Indian Retailing

- FDI not permitted in retail trade sector .

Except in:

- Private levels

- Hi-tech items / Items requiring specialized after sales service

- Medical and diagnosis items

- Items sourced from the Indian small sector (manufactured with technology
provided by the foreign collaborator)

- For two year test marketing (simultaneous commencement of investment in

manufacturing facility required)
 PEST ANALYSIS

Political :

India is the largest democracy in the world. India has the biggest number of people
with franchise rights and the largest number of political parties, which take part in
election campaign. In the 1996 national elections, almost 600 million people voted
and an average of 26 candidates competed for each of the 543 territorial constituency
seats.

Elections are held at different levels. The two major election levels are at national
level, after which the national government is established and at state level after which
the state government is established. Elections are also held for city, town and village
councils.

There are different political issues in Indian politics. Some are national level and
some regional level. Some communities just demand more economical and social
rights for their communities. While others demand more autonomy for their cultures
within the Indian states. Some demanded autonomous states within the Indian Union.
The current UPA govt. faces lots of criticism from general people for their inefficient
control over Inflation. Recently food crisis and oil prices hit the whole world and
even Indian political scenario.
Economical :

India, a land of rich culture, is the second most populous country of the world. And
area wise, it is the seventh largest nation. Our Indian economy has undergone a
tremendous change, with the implementation of a series of economic reforms.
These reforms focused attention on deregulating the country and inducing foreign
investments..
When the talk is about the economy of India, it can be undoubtedly said that it provides
a complete security to its foreign investors. It promotes a transparent environment that
includes a free press and a proper legal and accounting system. India has a
competitive and dynamic private sector that forms the backbone of India's economic
activities. It also accounts for more than 75% of India's Gross Domestic Product.
India has established itself as one of the most aggressively emerging markets of the
world, by harnessing the talent and skills of its managerial and technical manpower.
India's abundant workforce provides it a competitive edge in the global market.
India's economy is vast and varied and consists of traditional village farming, modern
agriculture, handicrafts, a wide distinctive range of modern industries, and a large
number of support services. Government has become more liberal and has reduced its
control on foreign trade and investment and is heading its way towards privatizing the
domestic sector.
Since 1990, the economy of India has witnessed a decent growth rate of 6% and has
been successful in overcoming poverty by about 10%. The strength of India lies in its
vast pool of educated and skilled citizens. But, the weakness of India is the continuing
public-sector budget deficit, which is nearly 10% of GDP.
India Economy Growth :The rate of growth improved in the 1980s. From FY 1980 to
FY 1989, the economy grew at an annual rate of 5.5 percent, or 3.3 percent on a per
capita basis. Industry grew at an annual rate of 6.6 percent and agriculture at a rate of
3.6 percent. A high rate of investment was a major factor in improved economic
growth. Investment went from about 19 percent of GDP in the early 1970s to nearly
25 percent in the early 1980s. India, however, required a higher rate of investment to
attain comparable economic growth than did most other low-income developing
countries, indicating a lower rate of return on investments.

Social :
In social aspects we are talking about the demographic changes. As Indian economy is
growing at a fast pace the pendulum is shifting from agriculture to the IT sector.
India has seen considerable demographic change during recent decades - with major
falls in death rates and declines in fertility. Yet despite these developments, the
country’s overall rate of population growth has remained fairly constant until quite
recently. And differences in the timing of change - especially in relation to fertility -
have meant that differences in rates of population growth between the country’s major
regions are actually rather greater now than they generally have been in the past.
Against this backcloth, and with one eye on the future, this paper will review recent
demographic changes in India, examine some of the principal factors that have
conditioned them, and discuss some of their main social, economic and political
ramifications - which in many ways may be profound. For example, the expansion of
the population by some four hundred million during the first 25 years of the present
century is likely to pose major challenges for employment provision - especially
because most of the expansion will take place in the adult working age range;
moreover, the uneven nature of the demographic expansion between different regions
may well contribute to pressures on national political structures and help to promote
devolutionary processes; and, finally, the fact of fertility decline may underpin
changes in gender relations, at least over the longer run.

Technological factor- Technological factor has changed the life style of the whole
country. Today even a farmer , auto rickshaw driver, etc are playing with mobile
phones . As MNC’s are playing there role in a very fast and furious manner so the
country is positively affected by the technological factors . Technological change in
agriculture can be accepted to be influenced by the geometry of networks of personal
communication. Data from a small sample of villages in India indicated consistent
association between accessibility to transportation facilities and the rate of
technological change. Personal comm. Network tend to correspond with
transportation network, but correlates of road transportation accessibility suggest that
innovation is more clearly related to information-flow than strictly economical
factors. The recent mobile cum T.V has created lots of buzz in the market. Metro in
Delhi had also changed the life .

Porter’s Five Force’s Model on Retail Sector

 1) Substitute :

The substitute of organized sector in India is the unorganized market

India is the country having the most unorganized retail market.
Traditionally it is a family’s livelihood, with their shop in the front an
house at the back, while they run the retail business. More than 99%
retailers function in less than 500 square feet of shopping
space. Global retail consultants KSA Technopak, have estimated that
organized retailing in India is expected to touch Rs 35,000 crore in the
year 2005-06. The Indian retail sectors estimated at around Rs 900,000
crore, of which the organized sector accounts for a mere 2 per cent
indicating a huge potential market opportunity that is lying in the waiting
for the consumer-savvy organize retailer. Purchasing power of Indian
urban consumer is growing and branded merchandise in categories like
Apparels, Cosmetics, Shoes, Watches, Beverages, Food and even
Jewellery, are slowly becoming lifestyle products that are widely accepted
by the urban Indian consumer. Indian retailers need to advantage of this
growth and aiming to grow, diversify and introduce new formats have to
pay more attention to the brand building process. The emphasis here is on
retail as a brand rather than retailers selling brands. The focus should
be on branding the retail business itself. In their preparation to face
fierce competitive pressure, Indian retailers must come to recognize the
value of building
their own stores as brands to reinforce their marketing positioning, to
communicate quality as well as value for money. Sustainable competitive
advantage will be dependent on translating core values combining
products, image and reputation into a coherent retail brand strategy

2. Threats from Suppliers:

Lack of labels/suppliers: Organized Indian retailing has to face the situation of

lack of Professional suppliers who are accustomed to deadlines, systematic in their
production and consistent with their quality. Often, the local suppliers do not have
financial strength or production infrastructure or discipline. Indian merchandisers are
forced to compromise due to a true lack of choice — which leads to huge unsold
stocks and reduced.

3. Entry barriers :
Even today in India were the retail industry is on boom and contributing around 10-
11% in GDP growth and the size of the retail sector is US $300 billion there are lot of
problems which a company has to face.
FDI is not permitted in retail trade sector .

Location availability is also a big threat one can face ,because place plays an
important role in the success of a business. Because of new trends and competition its
important for a company to select the perfect location.

Local people are also one of the entry barriers because there are a lot of cases in
which people or government protest against the company for eg. Reliance fresh, SEZ,
etc.
 Review of literature

BURDETT (2007) CONCLUDED THAT, What do you think is the best thing
about shopping? Is it the anticipation of actually going to the store to make your
purchase? Or are one of those people who gets the most joy from actually getting
home from the shops and trying on or using or sampling the product or item you
have just purchased? Perhaps the actual buzz of the shopping trip with family and
friends is what most appeals to you including the window shopping and the
thoughts of what you may or may not buy. So if these are some of best things
about shopping, what are the worst? Well, how about the queuing in traffic to
actually get to the store in the first place or the driving around looking for an
elusive parking space? Maybe it is driving all the way to the shops only to be told
the item you specifically wanted is no longer in stock. Or perhaps the curse of the
queue when you actually arrive at the checkout or when you are waiting for a
member of staff to help you with a query The fact is regardless of whether you
love or loathe the whole shopping experience modern retailers know that in such a
competitive market they have to do everything in their power to make your
experience when you visit their store as easy, straightforward and pleasurable as
possible. Retailers who fail to do this know that consumers will vote with their feet
and simply take their business elsewhere. A well known saying is that you only get
one chance to make a first impression. This is certainly true but for retailers, even
when that first impression has been made, they have to work hard to ensure the
service, products and feeling they give customers is maintained at a high standard.
Modern technology has meant that retailers can now enhance the experience their
customers receive more than ever before. Store and loyalty cards are one such use
of technology as they not only reward shoppers with discounts and money off
advantages but they also track spending habits and buying trends of their
customers. This means they know who, what, when and how people are buying
certain products and they can tailor their promotional campaigns, staffing and
stock levels accordingly. Another new way in which forward thinking retailers are
embracing technology to enhance their stores safety, security and communication
is through the use of Two Way Radios like the Kenwood TK3201. Two Way
Radios like the Kenwood TK-3201, the Motorola XTN446 and the ICOM F25SR
all give retailers the perfect way improve their communication and performance.
Not only does 2 Way Radio allow members of staff to communicate over a wide
area but they can be used as a health and safety tool so workers can report
accidents, check stock levels and stay in touch across the entire site from the shop
floor to the distribution area.

THOMAS(2007) SUGGESTED THAT Some beginning retailers wonder what

point of sale systems are and what they are good for. It turns out that POS systems
can help retailers gain special insights about sales trends, customer service trends,
merchandising and other aspects of their businesses. As a result, retailers can use
POS systems to increase their business's bottom line. Here is a brief introductory
guide about point of sale systems that explains how they work and what they are
good for. It includes a brief description of what point of sale systems are, what they
are made out of and how they are often used in the retail industry. What are POS
systems in the retail industry? A point of sale system in the retail industry is a
checkout system that is used to process customer transactions for merchandise and
services. What are POS systems made out of? Most point of sale systems contain
several things that work together to process customer transactions. These things
usually include:
1) A cash register that is hooked up to a computer that processes transactions. 2)
Software packages that process transactions such as sales, exchanges and
payments. 3) Physical space that allows transactions to occur. 4) Trained clerks
who operate the cash register and execute transactions. Some newer POS systems
may also include a virtual interface that allows customers to conduct transactions
without needing to see a person or a place in real time. A good example of these
virtual point of sale systems include the checkout cart interface that most websites
have that allow people to pay for products and services online. How are POS
systems used in the retail industry? Retailers use point of sale systems to perform
tasks that go beyond processing customer transactions. Retailers can use POS
system to do other things such as: 1) Track how much merchandise is sold in a
given time period. 2) Track how well clerks are providing customer service. 3)
Track the how much revenue per sale is generated. 4) Track which merchandise
needs to be re-ordered for faster inventory turnaround. All of these extra uses of
POS systems are important for retailers because the data that are generated from
these applications can improve a retailer's bottom line. This is true because the data
that point of sales systems generate can show people which parts of the business
are doing well as well and which areas need improvement.

STEPEN (2006) AFTER RESEARCH CONCLUDED THAT The Indian

organized retail market is getting crowded, with hordes of global retail majors
making a beeline to establish a foothold in this vibrant industry. It's a cut-throat
competition, where only the fittest would survive. Retail companies need to
constantly re-invent and re-package themselves with innovative business plans and
strategies to be in the competition. Only out-of-the-box ideas, keeping up with the
latest retail trends, would enable it to have a say in the dynamic Indian retail
industry. Improving the supply chain management, with a profound understanding
of the traditional and rural sector, would go a long way to help you become a
winner in the Indian retail market. The mere availability of a product can be a
positive factor in retailing. In a country like India, with myriads of problems
regarding transport and communication, a robust and professional supply chain
management can prove to be highly rewarding. Retailers should develop a well-
oiled supply system and tactics that can override the prolonging issues like
inadequate infrastructure, shifting distribution patterns, and shorter-time-to-market
concerns. The future of retail India lies in its villages, as it accounts for 70% of the
population and contributes almost half of the country's GDP. The sheer size and
the untapped potential make it a focal point for organized retailers, both domestic
and foreign. Retail companies venturing into this market should keep in mind the
price sensitivity, loyalty, credit and delivery services etc. to establish a firm
toehold in the rural retail in India. Traditional retailers in the unorganized sector
still dominate the Indian retail industry. These outlets comprising of convenience
stores, street-side vendors, kiranas etc. act as huge impediment for organized
retailers, as they have developed very close relationship with the consumers.
Retailers have to take into account shopping patterns, like home delivery, credit
facilities, product pricing and other value-added services to attract customers. They
should devise ways and means to co-exist with the traditional retailers, without
hurting their business interests. Taking these few pointers into consideration can
surely make you a winner in the Indian retail industry.

STEPEN (2009) CONCLUDED THAT Innovation and creativity is the order of

the day. Business houses, especially in the retail industry, have to be on their toes,
keeping their eyes and ears open for any slight development in the market, to be in
the reckoning. As competition hots up in different domains and verticals of the
organized retail game, with the entry of leading international brands and many
Indian retail giants consolidating and expanding with a vengeance, the Indian retail
market is definitely not for the fainthearted. Retail companies have to start looking
for innovative formats that can make them distinctive and unique - a cut above the
rest. One of the latest retail formats making a grand entry in this game of guts and
guile is 'Wedding Malls'. An unheard of entity in the advanced global retail
markets like the United States and Europe; it has become a big hit in India. These
wedding malls stock a whole list of items and products that goes into any big fat
Indian wedding, ranging from jewellery to apparels. Retailers are astutely
combining the best of the global retail trends with the local flavours, keeping in
mind the needs and preferences of the target consumers. Such customization and
blending of ideas to come up with innovative formats is not only a welcome
change, but a necessary requirement to be a step ahead of competitors in this rather
crowded market. Then there are 'Khadi Plazas', a successful retail project rolled out
by the Khadi and Village Industries Commission, under the government of India.
These swish and ritzy outlets showcase the exquisite designs and patterns of the
traditional handloom and handicraft products, manufactured in the Indian villages,
in a trendy and chic package to catch the attention of the young Indians with
changing lifestyles and attitudes. Another addition to the list of extraordinary retail
formats is the 'Village Malls'. These malls are the archetype of shopping malls that
dot the urban landscape, providing multiple services and outlets in a single
location. Village malls are an extension of the fair price shops that have been
revamped to cater to the larger needs of the local population. Many states have
introduced this retail format spearheaded by the Gujarat government, where it has
been successfully running for the last two three years. In fact, only innovation can
save the day; and players in the organized India retail sector have to start thinking
out-of-the-box to initiate inimitable retail formats that can take them forward in the
game.

BRAZMA(2008) RESEARCHED THAT Retail outlets are increasing by the day

and their profits getting more than double. It is always easier to buy everything one
need from one destination than go around the entire town picking up one article
and another. Since retailers have emerged so quickly in this market that their
systems of operation sometimes go haywire. Their accounts to their estimation of
needs have to be assessed thoroughly to survive in this competitive industry. The
retail sector has seen a humongous growth and a growth so fast that sometimes the
owners don't know what measures to take to maximize the operations or take full
advantage of them leading to their failure. One of the departments that need to be
looked at while talking about retailers is their accounting problems. The retails
don't pay enough detail towards that and therefore lose their touch in the market.
You might think how simple accounting process would fail a business. Well there
are a lot of reason and are discussed below. The retail accounting is important
because that accounts show the retailer business to the government and investors,
deciding the taxes and profitability. Proper maintenance of accounts is vital as the
retailers have so many products and inventory that it is difficult to value and keep
track of all of them. The changes in

inventory on a daily basis make the system strong else it would be subject to a lot
of theft. The retail outlets are generally very crowded and this makes them prone to
robbery through customers and staff equally .A recent trend in retail accounting
points towards methods of maintaining accounts through software with latest
technology, upgraded to the retailers business needs. This helps him maintain a
more clear check on his overall inventory and business. There are lots of software
available in the market like Peachtree, Small business manager, Quick Books
online. This software proves useful not only for small player but the big fishes as
well. This software process the data that the retailers input then make statistics out
of it and keep a virtual record with ease. These statistics would in turn help the
retailers to make smart business decisions. Another recent trend in retail
accounting is getting the accounts updated by a vendor. The are several advantages
of this; the retailer won't have to go through the time consuming task of employing
professionals to take care of the retail accounting. The vendors will, with a fee
process the accounts of the retailer with professional help of the accountants. This
is particularly helpful for small time business as they cannot afford to employ
professional accountants for their small time accounting needs. Keeping track of
the inventory makes the retailer aware of the sales and the time to order new
inventory; the creditors and debtors records show the retailer what he should do
next and the sector wise break up of sales would make the retailer decide which
departments should be enlarged and which should be shut down. Retail accounting
achieves all of this and more making it a necessity for a healthy business

WINSLOW (2009) CONCLUDED THAT One of the biggest challenges of

economic development is getting jobs into the area, and since we are in a jobless
recovery, and the stimulus package whereas, it might have helped a little bit, it
certainly is not providing very many jobs. Some economic development
associations in some areas are trying to provide jobs in the alternative energy
sector, or in green technologies, but none of that is moving very fast right now.
Many believe things will not accelerate in that area until after 2015.Most regions
want to have clean industries. They do not want to have dirty manufacturing
smokestack or polluting type industries. Most all of those major industries have
moved to China anyway, where labour is cheaper and environmental controls are
lax. All these trends right now in economic development should be expected to
continue. Before the big economic collapse in late 2008, many economic teams
were trying to bring people back into the city and do downtown revitalization
projects. However, with fewer people working, and the retail sector getting
hammered, many of the restaurants, movie theatres, and downtown retail spaces
now have "for lease" signs inside rather than any businesses that are providing
jobs, or a significant tax base revenue for the local cities to continue. Many
enterprise zones or areas where the money taken in tax revenue was going back to
the same area to promote economic development have failed. One of the biggest
ones was on the North-side of the Las Vegas Strip, where things were going along
good, and there was construction of new casinos, hotels, restaurants, entertainment
facilities, and businesses. The entire project collapsed, and all the buildings
stopped dead in its tracks; everyone was laid off. One of the biggest problems now
is local community banks are worried about their liquidity issues, and they don't
dare loan too much money for fear they might be closed or taken over. Until the
commercial credit markets loosen up, and until we deal with the commercial real
estate issues in our nation, economic development will be difficult, but not entirely
impossible. In 2010 you will see more attempt to unite the community and get the
community involved, encouraging local citizens to participate and come out and
support local businesses. You will also see more by local programs trying to make
the situation better. You will also see a lot more marketing and branding going on
than usual. Because right now until commercial credit markets unfreeze, the only
thing they can do that would be positive is to get the community involved
supporting the local businesses and projects. I hope you will please consider this.

.IAN(2009) CONCLUDED FROM HIS STUY THAT

Recently, in July 2009, the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in India,
Mr Jyotiraditya Scindia, informed the Parliament that India's retail trade, the
second largest employer after agriculture, is estimated to touch US$ 590 billion in
the next two years. He also informed the esteemed Lower House that retail trade in
India is estimated to grow at 13 per cent per annum from US$ 322 billion in 2006-
07 to US$ 590 billion in 2011-12.According to industry research the growth in
Indian retail business has shown positive effects owing to the evolving consumer
behaviour, changing market dynamics as well as to easier access to capital by both
the retailers and consumers. Market research information reveals that Indian
consumers are becoming more aspiration and looking forward to adopting a
western lifestyle. This trend will drive retail and logistics to have sustained growth
and new brands from overseas to cater to an expanding middle class customer
base. As per consulting firm KPMG's findings in a March 2009 report, the
organised retail market in India was worth US$ 25 billion and has witnessed steady
growth at 15 per cent in fiscal 2009. Modern organised retail will grow much
faster, at the rate of 30-35 per cent annually, than the traditional one in the coming
years and will be at the size of US$ 54 billion in the next three years, feel industry
retail specialists. Fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and apparel sectors are
likely to drive this growth. With an eye on the growing consumer base, Wipro is
looking aggressively at the bottom of the pyramid to push its volumes and in the
meanwhile, also considering the idea of bringing in premium products.

DOSHI (2008) WROTE FROM HIS STUDY THAT India is

fast becoming the retail destination of the world. According to the international
management consultant AT Kearney, India has emerged as the leader in terms of
retail opportunities. The retail market in India is anticipated to grow to 427 billion
USD by the year 2010.

However, the face of the Indian retail industry is changing. India is passing through
a retail boom today. A number of changes have taken place on the Indian retail
front such as increasing availability of international brands, increasing number of
malls and hypermarkets and easy availability of retail space. With the Indian
government having opened up the doors for FDI, the entry of foreign retailers into
the country has become easier. India has come a long way from the traditional
Kirana stores and is on its way to becoming a 'mall country'. The emphasis has
shifted from reasonable pricing to convenience, efficiency and ambience. The
major factors fuelling this change are the increase in disposable income of the
people, improving lifestyles, increasing international exposure and increasing
awareness among the customers. India has a large middle class as well as youth
population, which has contributed greatly to the retail phenomenon. The middle
class is considered to be a major potential customer group. The youth are perceived
as trend setters and decision makers. Tourist spending in India is increasing, which
has also prompted the retail boom. Food and grocery are the two categories in the
Indian retail sector which offer the most promising opportunities.
 JAMES (2009) I have written a lot about the benefits of buying from wholesalers. In
not a few articles, I asserted that buying from wholesalers is the retailers' best course
of action. Wholesalers provide better deals and serve as dependable source of various
quality and cheaper products. Buying supplies from wholesalers affords retailers
added and built-in advantage. Steady flow of various supplies at a discounted price,
quality products, reliable and credible source of goods-these are but a few of the
considered and proven benefits that retailers continue to take advantage of. These
benefits will end up translated to more profit; more profit opens up additional
business opportunities. This is the reason why more and more retailers are lining up
and are starting to firm up their business by getting their supplies from wholesalers.
Recent trends in the retail industry point to an increasing demand for wholesalers and
wholesale goods. This significant increase results to more people attracted to the
wholesale business which may not necessarily augur well to the wholesale business
industry. The excess in the number of wholesalers might result to sub-standard
products and services. Quality and better standards may be sacrificed in the name of
cutting costs so as to attract retailers. Of course I am not saying that cheaper products
mean poor quality and standard. I have long believed that goods and merchandise
when purchased from wholesalers should and ought to be cheaper and such cut in the
price need not result to poorer quality and reduced sales services. But not all
wholesalers practice self-regulation. There may be those who cut costs by sacrificing
quality and better standards. This is the kind of wholesalers that retailers must be
wary about..

MOTIWALA (2008) CONCLUDED THAT As every business sector is affected

by present global crisis and everybody is talking of slow down in business, still in
India there are few sectors which will grow in this adverse situation. Lets have a
look.(1). Food: No one can survive without basic food material like milk,
vegetables and drinking water. Food processing companies will not be affected
much and rather will earn profits by increasing the prices. These are the basic
needs which we as a common man can not produce by our self.(2.) Railway: As the
aviation sector has been affect much badly and resulting in sharp rise in the air
ticket rates traffic in railways and long queues at railway booking counters. The
freight traffic of Indian Railways has continued to grow in the last few months,
albeit at slow pace, indicating only marginal impact of the global recession on the
Indian economy(3.)Education As Education is considered as the basic necessity
and in India it is seen as a long term investment by parents and with respect to the
demand still there is a huge supply gap. The craze to study in foreign university
among the Indian youth still alive which will prompt foreign education institute to
target India provided vast young population willing to join. We will see more and
more foreign educational institutions to come up in India in recent coming years.
(4.). Telecom People will not stop to communicate with each other due to global
crises rather it has been seen that it will increase much particularly with mobile
communication. With cheap cell phones available in the Indian market .

MAIER(2007) IN HIS STDY CONCLUDED THAT Having knowledge and

experience about retail operations can make a huge difference in the effectiveness
of a retail store. Personality and management skills also have a huge impact. In this
business, you must enjoy meeting new people and be extremely conscious of
current trends in clothing, products, or anything else you might be providing.
Maintaining a customer base is the sure fire way to be successful. By keeping the
same customers coming back and adding new customers, the business can only go
up, but it takes some special attention and knowledge to accomplish this. More
than three quarters of retail stores close down within five years do to a lack of
clientele. Most of these disappear because of tough competition or bad
management practices. Don't let this be the case for your business. Spend time
educating yourself and your management staff about good retail techniques and
practices. One of the biggest mistakes of new retailers is starting too big. By
keeping things on a smaller scale to begin with, you will have time to let your
customer base grow along with the business. Even if you have plenty of funds to
float the start up period, start with a smaller inventory of quality merchandise.
Most customers will appreciate quality over quantity of merchandise. As your sales
increase, be sure to increase your inventory accordingly. Think about spending
more time and energy on the concept and display fixtures of your store in the
beginning, so that customers appreciate the environment and find quality
merchandise. Even if they do not find what they need the first time, the will
remember the ambiance and quality of your store and most likely return. Good
market education plays a vital role in maintaining a retail store. Both owners and
managers should be very knowledgeable about what is happening in your
particular industry, whether that is fashion, electronics, or decoration. This also
includes research on the surrounding demographic area of your retail location.
Take note of the average income, age, and lifestyle of the average person living in
the area. This will help to make better inventory decisions (for example, whether to
carry name brands or more economic varieties).These are the first in a series of
suggestions for retail success. Check back for the next part of this article series to
find out more helpful tips that can make your business flourish in this competitive
industry. Remember from this lesson, to start small, and know the sales market

JAYAKUMAR(2006) GAVE IN HIS PAPER THAT The retail stores back in the
80s did not have any competition hence it kept growing and competition was
minimal. Back then you could buy like crazy, load up your stores with a vast
variety of inventory, do a fair job with merchandising, and customers of all ages
and sizes would come flocking in to buy and buy. Those were the days, but times
are different now. As a business grows and changes, so does its customer base. As
I speak with business owners in my audiences from across the world, I am
constantly amazed that many cannot articulate to me who their core customer is.
Some have been successful for years, but they are wondering why they are now
losing their edge and, even worse, losing customers to the growing competition.
These businesses are oblivious to change. They continue to do things the same old
way instead of adjusting their marketing efforts to keep up with changes in the
industry and, more importantly, the needs of their customers. Who is your
competition Business would be so easy if we had no competition. If you don't
already know who your competition is, start shopping around. Look at the
competition from many different angles, not just those places that are directly
competitive. Honestly evaluating your competition can teach you many lessons
about your own business and where you can improve. If you do know who your
competition is, start snooping around to discover what they are doing that is
working. They may not have a perfect image or the best service either, but they
must be doing something right or they wouldn't be in business. Is your competition
doing the same things you are doing? Are you doing them better? Can you do them
to benefit your customers even more What is your USP What is your Unique
Selling Proposition? In your customers' eyes, what makes you different from all of
the competition? What are you offering that no one else does? Is your business just
in the inventory or service business? Or are you in the satisfaction business?
"Doing a common thing uncommonly well brings success."What are your
customers thinking The right side of the brain creates. It is the part of the brain that
recognizes trends and visual responses. The left side of the brain is logical; it
calculates and stores visual information. It takes those visual details into account
and systematically evaluates your image and professionalism. When your image
brings the left-brain and the right-brain together, the customer sees your products
and/or services as something they need. You have touched all of their senses and
responses, so they BUY. When a customer enters your store they instantly start to
use the right side of the brain to take in visual stimulation. This stimulation creates
feelings and emotions in your customer. They form their own opinion of your
merchandise and decide whether or not to buy. This is where your creative and
professional business image plays a strong role in keeping the customers' interest.
They use the left side of the brain to compile the facts they need to understand your
products and/or services. With this education the customer analyzes their personal
needs to find a fit. If there is a logical fit and a need will be satisfied, the customer
decides tomakea purchase.
Are you offering the services and products your customers want? Always keep
your customers in mind with every decision you make. Everything you do should
satisfy their needs. Are the products or inventory you carry what your customers
are looking for, or do they actually meet your needs and emotions? Are you ahead
of the competition, a trendsetter within your industry? Are your customers looking
for you to be a trendsetter, or do they want solid, enduring choices? Retail clothing
stores often miss out by jumping in at the tail end of a trend instead of taking
chances and setting a trend. A customer who is looking for the latest will always
perceive them as a follower. On the other hand, some buyers purchase inventory
they find exciting and forget about what their customers want. This may seem
crazy but it is sometimes hard to set aside your emotions and focus only on the
customers' needs."I realized that it's not about what you think is cool. You've got to
listen to what consumers want." ~ Bob Pittman Where are your customers going
Are there some areas of your store that customers avoid? Areas where there is little
or no traffic? Study traffic patterns. Does anything impede the customers' way? Do
they have to dodge counters, displays, or fixtures? A detailed study of the areas
inside your store may be a real eye-opener. Take some time to evaluate how your
customers are entering and walking around your business. Is the traffic pattern easy
to navigate and does it make your customers feel welcome? If not, work on making
the necessary changes and re-evaluate your business again after the traffic patterns
have been adjusted .What makes your customers buy" Shoppers need to be
transformed, 'converted' into buyers. Marketing, advertising, promotion, and
location can bring shoppers in, but then it's the job of the merchandise, the
employees, and the store itself to turn them into buyers."
Your marketing campaign helps to build traffic to your business. What you do with
that traffic is most important. Just because they have come into your store does not
guarantee a sale. By focusing on your business from the inside and seeing the
details that help a customer make a buying decision you will begin to transform
more "lookers" into "buyers." Studies show that customers buy when they are
visually stimulated and informed. The product and/or service does not necessarily
always fit their needs since they buy out of impulse as well. That is why doing
your best to convert shoppers through your merchandise.

DOSHI IN HIS STUDY CONCLUDED The Indian retail industry is thriving

today. There is stiff competition among Indian and foreign retailers to attract
customers and retain them. In this tug-of-war, quality retailing has emerged as the
solution. The retailer who provides quality products and services along with a
quality shopping experience succeeds in the long run. The quality of the product
offered by the retailer has two aspects - the perceived quality and the actual
quality. Perceived quality or point of sale quality refers to the image that the
customer has about the product while buying it. The actual quality or the point of
use quality is the quality of the product that the consumer experiences while using
it. The retailer plays a very important role in building up perceived quality with the
use of attractive display. The retailer is in direct contact with the customers and so
he can play a significant part in helping the manufacturer reduce the gap between
actual and perceived quality. The retailer should also ensure quality at the various
stages of the supply chain so that the quality of the product is not affected. Another
important factor to be considered for quality retailing is the quality of the services
provided to the customer. Today's customer wants a unique shopping experience.
Retailers are striving to help customers enjoy their shopping expedition as much as
possible. The difference between shopping in India and shopping abroad is
reducing gradually, particularly with several large malls coming up all over India.
Customer mentality is different in different countries. Particularly in India, there
are huge cultural differences among the people of different states, which in turn
affect their buying behaviour. In this scenario, it becomes necessary for the retailer
to survey the customers' culture and expectations so that he can train his staff to
appropriately meet these expectations.

AZAD(2008) GAVE OUT THAT The Indian Retail industry is all set to go to the
next level. According to the report prepared by global consultancy Northbridge
Capital, the retail market, which is currently worth $400 billion, is clocking an
annual growth rate of 30%. "The market is expected to grow to $700 billion by the
end of 2010. Of the total retail market, the share of organised retail in 2008 is
7.5%, valued at $300 million," Although most of the Indian Retail industry is still
characterized by an unorganized market but the last few years have seen
tremendous growth in the organised retail in India. With the Indian big giants like
RPG, Pantaloons, Reliance, ITC etc and the foreign players like Adidas, Reebok,
McDonalds, the Indian Organised retailing has been growing at a rapid pace.
Noting that organised retail market is growing at the rate of 40%, Northbridge
Capital said that faster growth rate would be maintained in the next three years,
especially with the entry of major global players and Indian corporate houses.
Drivers of the Indian Organised Retail Industry Changing consumption patterns -
Convenience is the need of the hour. The concept of one stop shopping is "IN" and
with the rise in the incomes, the consumers are even ready to spend more to save
their time. According to a report by AT Kearney "The consumer spending in India
has increased by an impressive 75 per cent in the last four years and will quadruple
in the next 20 years." Today the consumers are looking more for the luxury goods
and are spending more on health and beauty care products apart from the apparel,
food and grocery items. The Emphasis on Rural markets - The Indian Retail
companies has realized that the rural markets are a major source of revenue, most
of which is untapped. After the arrival of ITC's Chaupal Sagar, DCM Sriram's
Hariyali Bazaar and Tata's kisan sansar, the other players in retail are also looking
for expanding into the rural markets. The impact of technology -.The increase in
the use of internet has given a new direction to the retail industry and has led to the
growth of the so called "e-age" in India. Today a large number of organizations
share there information with a large number of audience through internet. The
technologies like Universal Product Code or bar code, RFID chips, Electronic data
interchange, Database management etc have given a new life to the retailing in
India. The Retail Reforms - The government has allowed 100 percent FDI in the
cash and carry format and 51 percent in the single brand retailing. The
International players can also take the routes of Franchise and joint ventures to
enter into the Indian Retailing. Over the past few years, a number of companies
have entered the country through these routes. Some of the international players
that have already entered India include McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Dominos, Levis,
Lee, Nike, Adidas, Benetton etc.
 OBJECTIVES

» Understand the nature and changing dynamics of the Indian retailing business and

the reasons behind the evolution of many organized sector players

» Explore the need for innovations and customer-centric strategies in the retailing &

FMCG businesses

» Examine and appreciate the new innovative business formats emerging in the Indian

retailing and FMCG industry in the early 21st century

 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research

problem. The research methodology included the various methods and

techniques for conducting a research. “Research is a systematic design,

collection, analysis, and reporting of data and finding relevant solution to a

specific marketing situation or problem.” Sciences define research as “ the

manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of

generalizing to extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that

knowledge aids in construction of theory or in practice of an art.”

Research is thus, an original contribution to the existing stock of

knowledge making for its advancement, the purpose of research is to

discover answers to the questions through the application of scientific

procedure.
Design of the Study

The objective of study was to determine industrial trends in retail market . For this

best suited method was survey method. The study design adopted is descriptive

research design. The study was conducted in the city of Amritsar, Punjab.

a) Sampling Design

Population

We have compared the pantaloons retail store and Shoppers stop and our data

interpretation is based on these two stores .

b) Sources of Data Collection:

Secondary Data

The secondary data includes data collected from periodicals such as magazines,

business news papers, and from subject related books Industry and company profile

will be collected from their official websites.

1. Tool used for ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

The data collected are classified, analyzed and calculated. The statistical tools are

applied for the analysis of the data. The tool used is Percentage analysis.
 DATA ANALAYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Comparative Analysis

The two companies which we have selected are

i) Shoppers stop
ii) Pantaloons

1. Establishment Profile - Shoppers Stop Limited.

Started in October 27, 1991, Shoppers stop Ltd ,a group promoted by K. Raheja
corporation ,consist of multiple retail formats including shoppers stop, hyper city,
crossword ,home stop, mothercare,MAC, BRIO and desi café. From a modest
start in 1991 , today the retail chain has 85 stores in 11 cities across the
country occupying an aggregate area 1.2 million sqft .over the past 15 year period
it stores have been facilitated as one of the India’s leading retailers and achieved a
super brand status. Shopper's Stop is the only retailer from India to become a
member of the prestigious Intercontinental Group of Departmental Stores (IGDS).
 Key to group success has been foundation built upon a stable and cost effective IT
architecture.

Given the intense competition among retail chains today , growing concern was to
keep operating cost at a minimum. So, when the group companies decided to
upgrade from the existing IT infrastructure ,it also sought to bring about cost
efficiencies .

2 Nature of the Business

Retail Sector

3 Vision and mission statement

Vision :- To be a global retailer in India and maintain its no.1 position in the
Indian market in the department store category.

Mission :- Our mission is to meet the needs and aspiration of parents for their
children , amongst our target customers ,across India.

2. Product and service portfolio

Product :-

With an unparalleled assortment of the leading international and national brands in

clothing for men, women, and kids; accessories, fragrances, cosmetics, footwear;
home furnishing and décor products, our stores aim to provide shoppers a truly
international shopping destination.

"The product portfolio has to be increased to keep up with competition. Changing

consumer demand makes retail outlets all the more vital.

Services :-

The company is also trying to evolve newer formats such as `net shopping' and `home
delivery'. Net shopping' and `home delivery' will be evolved as future formats to tide
over competition, said Mr. Shrikhande. The group has also forayed into airport
retailing recently.

Mother care, the `mom `n' child' format, will be extended from 7 shops to 40 (20
single brand stores and 20 shop-in-shop stores). Crossword, the bookstore format,
would be increased from 17 outlets to about 100 by 2010.

Management Summary

Mr. Chandru L. Raheja

Chairman of Shopper's Stop & Chairman of K. Raheja Corp. Group

Mr. Ravi C. Raheja

B.Com, MBA from London Business School

Mr. Neel C. Raheja

M.Com, LLB

Mr. B. S. Nagesh

Customer Care Associate & Managing Director, Shopper's Stop Ltd.

Mr. Govind Shrikhande

Customer Care Associate, Executive Director & CEO of Shopper's Stop

Ownership summary

Its being fully owned and controlled by K . Raheja group

Pantaloons

1 . Establishment Profile –Pantaloons

 In 1994, The Pantaloon Shoppe – exclusive menswear store in franchisee format
launched across the nation. Pantaloon Retail is the flagship company of Future
Group, a business group catering to the entire Indian consumption space. The
company starts the distribution of branded garments through multi-brand retail
outlets across the nation .Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited, is India’s leading
retailer that operates multiple retail formats in both the value and lifestyle segment
of the Indian consumer market. Headquartered in Mumbai (Bombay), the company
operates over 7 million square feet of retail space, has over 1000 stores across 53
cities in India and employs over 25,000 people.

Pantaloon Food Product (India) Limited (PFPIL) was incorporated with the object
of sourcing and backward integration of food business of the Company. PFPIL has
sourcing and distribution bases at all key cities across the country.

Pantaloon Retail was recently awarded the International Retailer of the Year 2007
by the US-based National Retail Federation (NRF) and the Emerging Market
Retailer of the Year 2007 at the World Retail Congress held in Barcelona.

Nature of the business

Retail Sector

Vision and mission statement

Vision :-

Pantaloons vision is to, “deliver Everything, Everywhere, Everytime to Every Indian

Consumer in the most profitable manner.” The group considers ‘Indian-ness’ as a core
value and its corporate credo is - Rewrite rules, Retain values.

Mission:-

Our mission is to meet the needs and aspiration of parents for their children ,
amongst our target customers ,across India.

Management summary

Mr. Kishore Biyani, Managing Director

 Kishore Biyani is the Managing Director of Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited and
the Group Chief Executive Officer of Future Group.

Mr. Gopikishan Biyani, Wholetime Director

Gopikishan Biyani, is a commerce graduate and has more than twenty years of
experience in the textile

business.

Mr. Rakesh Biyani, Wholetime Director

Rakesh Biyani, is a commerce graduate and has been actively involved in

category management; retail stores operations, IT and exports. He has been
instrumental in the implementation of the various new retail formats.

Mr. Ved Prakash Arya, Director

Ved Prakash Arya, is an engineer by training and is a graduate of the Indian

Institute of Management, Ahmadabad. Prior to joining Pantaloon Retail, he was
the CEO of Globus.

Independent directors

Mr. Shailesh Haribhakti

Mr. S. Doreswamy

Dr D.O.Koshy

Ms Anju Poddar

Ms Bala Deshpande

Mr. Anil Harish

Analysing Pantaloon and Shopperstop in following terms

 Pantaloon Shoppersstop

Net Profit 112.13 cr 6.97 cr

Dividend 25% (Rs.59 per equity share) 15%

Stock Valuation 420.65 404.35

Equity 30.15 69.71

Debt 20.11 52.53

Sales 4704.91 cr 1090.01 cr

Sales growth 15.54% 17.47%

Growth Plan of pantaloon

2007 2008
Outlets 27 43
Manpower 6700 13000
Sales 3974 cr 4704.91 cr

Growth Plan Of Shoppers stop

2007 2008
Outlets 21 24
Manpower 2700 3100
Sales 899.55 cr 1090.01 cr
Section 2: CASE STUDY ON BARISTA

2.1: Corporate Profile

Background, Market Entry & Growth:

Barista coffee was establishes in 1999 with the aim of identifying growth
opportunities in the coffee business. Increasing disposable incomes and global trends
in coffee indicate immense growth potential in one particular segment.

More significantly, they believe they have been quick to spot a latent need waiting to
be trapped: Coffee lovers seek a complete experience. One that combines intelligent

positioning with the right product mix and carefully designed cafés. In other words,
customers seek an “experiential lifestyle brand”. As of today, Barista exists in over 22
cities, and operates over 140 outlets nationally. In the last 2 years, Barista has opened
over 100 outlets in the country and with a new outlet opening nationally every 14
dates, Barista is currently experiencing phenomenal growth. With outlets opening in
Sri Lanka and Dubai, Barista is looking at potential growth opportunities in Asia,
making it highly competitive international brand.

Pricing:

Barista has a ‘Skim Pricing Policy’. They began with a higher price, and skimmed the

cream for the market. With the sudden spurt of growth in number of outlets, came the
benefits of economies of scale. Because of this, they have been able to gradually
lower their prices, and appeal to different segments of their target market.

Currently, their prices are the lowest they have ever been, and they can competitively

match their prices against Café Coffee Day’s prices. The prices are constantly
changing though, and the last 1-year has seen 3 changes (mostly reductions) in prices.
This gradual price reduction meant that Barista could maintain its profit-
maximization policy until it could earn large cost savings because of the benefits of
high volume. The main factors that affect their pricing are their cost of goods sold.
The costs are quite high because imports a majority of its products and product-
source

Process:

The order and delivery process at Barista is based on self- service, where a customer
goes up to the counter to place his order, and goes back to the counter to pick his
delivery once it is prepared.

Positioning:

Consumer Profile:

According to research, over 65% of Barista’s customers are in the 15- 30 age- group.
The majority of these are students and young urban professionals.

Brand Image:

Barista positions itself as a brand for anyone who loves coffee. Their products,
services and outlets are more like the traditional European cafés, where people would
meet for the love of coffee, and for an intellectual appealing time. They position their
outlets as palace “where the world meets”, and they look to appeal to anyone in the
14- 60 age group that loves good coffee and looks for a nice quiet time.

Products:

Barista’s product mix constitutes a wide range of products that appeal primarily to

traditional coffee lovers. Their products themselves are traditional products with
traditional names. Food items like croissant, pastas, and sandwiches are

complimentary to their coffee, and project a very classic image of Barista. Their

merchandising also consists of primarily coffee related products like coffee beans,

coffee machines, etc.

Promotions:

Barista currently carries out mass promotion campaigns. This is mainly in the form of

promotions in the Press, TV and Radio Medias. At present, they do not rely heavily

on advertising, but rely more on sponsorships and strategic alliances with other

corporations. Barista also takes part in various sales promotion activities to help

increase sales at their outlets.

a) Sponsorships:

Barista sponsors various events and festivals, which provides them valuable

promotion directed at strategic markets. The sponsorships are mainly in kind,

although major events are sponsored in cash also.

b) Collaborations:

Barista has entered into special collaborations and alliances with various partners for

co- marketing brands. For example, Barista entered into a deal with Leo Mattel toys

to provide the popular board game Scrabble at every Barista outlet across the country.

This is an ideal alliance for both the organizations, because it provides Leo Mattel

with an important avenue for promoting their product, and it provides Barista’s

customers an added attraction for spending more time at Barista outlets.

Barista has also entered into partnerships with various movies, for promotions

through Barista, and recently, they tied

up with Star World for its “Absolutely

Everybody” campaign

d) Sales Promotion:

Barista uses a special “Barista Coffee Card” for its sales promotion activities. The

Barista Coffee Card entitles you to one complimentary hot beverage when you are

done sipping seven. It is available to all Barista coffee regulars. No membership fees,

no references required. Fill out the card and you are a member. As a Coffee Card

holder, you earn one stamp on the card every time you purchase a beverage. Simply

present the card to the cashier when you place your order at any of their outlets. Once

you have collected seven stamps, you can hand over the card to receive your

complimentary hot beverage. Barista hopes this card can help drive sales growth, and

increase customer retention

Selecting a city: Barista has devoted substantial management time and effort in

zeroing in on the cities where they are now situated. The selection of the cities was

based on the following criteria.

Sizeable population of executives, students and families in SEC A & Barista

category;

High disposable income with people looking for new vistas in leisure and lifestyle

oriented concepts;

High level or organized retail activity;

Rapid socio- economic development;

Level of commercial importance (Industrial cities, state capitals etc.)

Number of educational establishments and opportunities available for

employment.

On the basis of the above criteria, they had initially targeted cities like Delhi,

Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad. Chandigarh and Ludhiana were later

added due to tie- ups with ‘Planet M’ and ‘Ebony’ to set up store-in- stores at their

outlets.

They are also pursuing an equally aggressive international business expansion

strategy. They have over 50 overseas locations presently under their consideration.

They have already done their groundwork in terms of getting brand and name

registrations in over 30 of these locations. To facilitate their global expansion, they

plan to work with strategic partners, who share the same vision of expanding and

promoting the brand worldwide. Currently they have opened new outlets in Sri Lanka

and Dubai as a part of their international strategy.

Section 3: CASE STUDY ON CAFÉ COFFEE DAY

3.1: Corporate Profile

It was in the golden soil of Chikmagalur that a traditional family owned a few acres of

coffee estates, which yielded rich coffee beans. Soon Amalgamated Bean Coffee
Trading Company Limited, popularly known as Coffee Day was formed. With a rich
coffee growing tradition since 1875 behind it coupled with the opportunity that arose
with the deregulation of the coffee board in the early nineties, Coffee Day began
exporting coffee to the connoisseurs across USA, Europe & Japan. In the calendar
year 2000, Coffee Day exported more than 27000 tones of coffee valued at US$ 60 m
to these countries and, for the second time in its short career of 7 years retained the
position as the largest coffee exporter of India.

Coffee Day has a wide and professional network in the major coffee growing areas of
the country comprising over 48 agents and 50 collecting depots. Coffee Day's two
curing works at Chikmagalur and Hassan cure over 70,000 tones of coffee per annum,
the largest in the country.

Coffee Day has a well-equipped roasting unit catering to the specific requirement of
the consumers. The process is carried out under the control of experienced personnel
to meet highest quality standards. The most modern technology available is used to
maintain consistency and roast the coffee beans to the demanding specifications of the
discerning coffee consumers.

Coffee Day Comprises of the following Sub Brands

Coffee Day - Fresh & Ground

Café Coffee Day

Coffee Day – Vending

Coffee Day - Xpress

Coffee Day – Exports

Coffee Day - Perfect

Café Coffee Day currently owns and operates 213 cafes in all major cities in India. It
is apart of India's largest coffee conglomerate named Coffee Day, Rs. 200 crore ISO
9002certified company. Coffee Day's most unique aspect is that it grows the coffee it
serves.

Key Features

 P ioneers of the Café Concept in India with the its first Café at Brigade Road,

Bangalore in 1996. This Café was opened as a Cyber Café (first of its kind) but
later, with the burst of cyber cafes it reverted to its core competency…. Coffee.

Essentially a youth oriented brand with majority of its customers falling in the 15-

29 year age bracket

Each café, depending upon its size attracts between 400 and 800 customers daily.

It is a place where customers come to rejuvenate themselves and be themselves.

USP of the Brand:

 A ffordable Price

Coffee – Winner of Platinum, Gold, Silver and Bronze medals at the India

Barista Championship 2002

Process:

The order process at Café Coffee Day is based on self-service, where the customer
goes to the counter to place his order. Whereas they have a flexible delivery process,
where they wait for some time for the customer to pick up the order but if the
customer takes too long then the order is delivered on his table.

Positioning:

Consumer Profile:

Research shows that 37% of the customers are between 20 and 24years. 27% of the

customers are between the age group of 25-29 years. 60% of the customers who visit
the café are male and 40% are female. 52% of customers who visit the cafes are
students. 18% of the customers visit the cafes daily while another 44% visit weekly.
Each café, depending upon its size attracts between 500 and 800 customers daily,
mainly between 4pm and 7 pm. Customers describe Café Coffee Day as the place
they frequent most after “home and workplace/college”. It is a place where they meet
friends and colleagues, in-groups of 3 or more. The prices here are perceived to be
reasonable and it is a place where customers come to rejuvenate themselves and be
themselves rather than a place to be “seen at” visa a vis other cafes.
Brand Image

Café Coffee Day is a regular meeting place for 15 to 29 years old, both male and

female, who are waited on by friendly and informed staff, and are offered the best

made coffee, hot or cold, beverages and food in an invigorating ambience. It is urban

youngsters favorite “hangout”. Its customers are mostly young college students and

young professionals. It is for those who are young or young at heart.

Products:

Café Coffee Day product mix constitutes a wide range of products that appeal
primarily to Indian coffee and snack lovers. products have a decided Indian taste to it
- be it food or coffee. Most of the eatables have been adopted to meet the Indian taste
buds like samosa, biryani, masala sandwich, tikka sandwich etc. Thus they have been
trying to capture the Indian taste along with classic coffee.

The best selling item in summer is frappe, which is coffee and ice cream blended

together. The young people favor it. In winter it is cappuccino. Their merchandising

includes funky stuff like t-shirts, caps etc.

Prices:

Considering that Café Coffee Day knows its major customer lies in the bracket of 15-
29, it has tried to derive a policy whereby it can satisfy all its customers. The price for
a cup of coffee ranges from Rs.17 to Rs.54. From the time it first started its
operations, there has been only minor changes in the pricing policy of Café Coffee
Day. The changes have been more due to the government taxes than any thing else.

Locations:

Café Coffee Day looks to cater to their target market with strategically located outlets.

Their outlets are generally located in High Street/ Family Entertainment Centers.
Considering their generic appeal, there are Barista outlets located in and around
Malls, Cinemas, Colleges, Offices, etc. This endorses their brand image of a café that
appeals to coffee lovers of all ages.

Promotion:

Café Coffee Day does not believe in mass media promotions. But they are involved in
all

the areas of serious consumer passion.

Through television:

Café Coffee Day held a contest around a very popular programmed on Zee English
called

Friends. All the six lead characters are shown often visiting a coffee shop and a lot of

youth like watching the programmed. That is why they had a contest running where

customers could win Friends' merchandise. The linkage was that it is a youth based

programme and it had a coffee house.

They have tied up with Channel [V]'s Get Gorgeous contest. The reason being that a
lot

of their young consumers are interested in careers. Modeling is a career that a lot of

youngsters are interested in and this was an excellent platform. They have also done

promotion for History Channel, where they have run promotion for Hollywood
Heroes.

They had asked a few question and a lucky winner won a trip to Hollywood.

Ticket sales:

Café Coffee Day is involved in ticket sales in quite a few events, Enrique being one of

them. They were involved in WWE, Elton John, and Bryan Adams ticket sales. These

acts are very much appreciated by their consumers.

It helps both the organizers as well as Café Coffee Day. Organizers need to tell people

where the tickets are available and single Café Coffee Day logo says it all. From Café

Coffee Day’s point of view, they always ask for a certain amount of tickets around
which

they have a contest. Couples can win ticket for free. This in turn raises the awareness

level as cafe staff approaches the consumers to inform them about the contest. There
is not a better publicity mechanism then the person who is serving you telling you
about the

same.

Tie-ups:

Besides that Café Coffee Day also tie up lot of the youth brands. Their promise to the

customer is that a lot can happen over a coffee. So every time they try to ensure

something good happens to their customer. So they have a contest going on with
Levis, another one with Scooty, Liril, latest one with Airtel Friends.

Another placement area they have is with HDFC. HDFC wanted to promote their
debit card and they choose Café Coffee Day. So 21 cafes have debit card machines.

Association with movies:

Café Coffee Day also decided to stick with the next big thing i.e. Bollywood. Earlier a

few movies, whose target audience matched that of the consumers at Cafe Coffee
Day, started shooting a few scenes in the cafe. So they had a Hindi movie Bas Yun Hi
and a couple of Telugu and Tamil films with prominent Cafe Coffee Day brand
placement.

Later they took a conscious decision of being seen in certain movies like Khakee and

Main Hoon Na.

As part of this effort, the brand was placed smartly in two Bollywood ventures,
the Amitabh Bachchan, Aishwarya Rai, Vivek Oberoi starrer Kyun Ho Gaya Na,
Sajid Nadiadwala's Salman Khan, Priyanka Chopra starrer Mujhse Shaadi

Karoge, forthcoming movies like Salman Khan starrer Lucky and Socha Na Tha A lot
of serials are shot in Cafe Coffee Day. Recently, Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii was shot.

Sales Promotion:

Café Coffee Day uses special ‘Café Citizen Card’ for rewarding Café Coffee Day’s

customers. It is a loyalty program to gain new customers and retain the existing ones.

The Café Citizens Card entitles members to a 10% discount

on all food and beverage bills. The members also receive

surprise gifts, along with special offers and invitations fro

Café Coffee Day from today only.

Recommendation

1. The retail sector in India is severely constrained by limited availability of bank

finance. The Government and RBI need to evolve suitable lending policies that will

enable retailers in the organized and unorganized sectors to expand and improve

efficiencies. Policies that encourage unorganized sector retailers to migrate to the

organized sector by investing in space and equipment should be encouraged.

2. A National Commission must be established to study the problems of the retail

sector and to evolve policies that will enable it to cope with FDI– as and when it

comes.

3. The pro proposed National Commission should evolve a clear set of

conditionality’s on giant foreign retailers on the procurement of farm produce,

domestically manufactured merchandise and imported goods. These conditionality’s

must be aimed at encouraging the purchase of goods in the domestic market, state the

minimum space, size and specify parking space etc. Giant shopping centers must not

add to our existing urban snarl.

4. Entry of foreign players must be gradual and with social safeguards so that the

effects of the labor dislocation can be analyzed & policy fine-tuned. Initially allow

them to set up supermarkets only in metros. Make the costs of entry high and

according to specific norms and regulations so that the retailer cannot immediately

indulge in ‘predatory’ pricing.

5. In order to address the dislocation issue, it becomes imperative to

develop and improve the manufacturing sector in India. There has been a

substantial fall in employment by the manufacturing sector, to the extent of 4.06 lakhs

over the period 1998 to 2001, while its contribution to the GDP has grown at an

average rate of only 3.7%. If this sector is given due attention, and allowed to take

wings, then it could be a source of great compensation to the displaced workforce

from the retail industry.

6. The government must actively encourage setting up of co-operative stores to

procure and stock their consumer goods and commodities from small producers. This

will address the dual problem of limited promotion small marketing ability, as well as

market penetration for the retailer. The government can also facilitate the setting up of

warehousing units and cold chains, thereby lowering the capital costs for the small

retailers.
7. According to IndiaInfoline.com, agro products and food processing sector in

India is responsible for $69.4 billion out of the total $180 billion retail sector

(these are 2001 figures). This is more than just a sizeable portion of the pie and what

makes it even more significant is the fact that in this segment, returns are likely to be

much higher for any retailer. Prices for perishable goods like vegetables, fruits, etc.

are not fixed (as opposed to, say, branded textiles) and therefore, this is where

economies of scale are likely to kick in and benefit the consumer in the Calculated

from Monthly abstract of Statistics, Volume 57, No.7, July 2004 Central Statistical

Organization, GOI, GDP figures from India Observer Statistical Handbook

(2004). 18 form of lower prices. But due attention must be given to the producer too.

Often the producer loses out, for example, when the goods are procured at Rs.2 and

ultimately sold to the consumer at about Rs.15 as in the case of tomatoes now. The

Government themselves can tap into the opportunities of this segment, rather than

letting it be lost to foreign players. And by doing so, they can more directly ensure the

welfare of producers and the interest of the consumers.

8. Set up an Agricultural Perishable Produce Commission (APPC), to ensure that

procurement prices for perishable commodities are fair to farmers and that they are

not distorted with relation to market prices.

 Conclusion

In retailing, the conventional wisdom used to be, that, the critical success factor was

location. But precise location no longer matters and geo-demographics is increasingly

becoming irrelevant. The leading multiple chain retailers, superstores and malls create

their own centres of gravity.

In this project I have under taken two case studies that are of shoppers stop analyse

with pantaloons and the next is café coffee day with barista in these case studies

In both these case studies I consider there nature of business, there pricing policies,

sponsorships, collaborations, retail sector policies and there pricing stategy and last

their profits, sales and debts. On behalf of this case studies we cant judge the retail

trend of economy coz I have consider only two case studies.

Findings

Pantaloon Shoppersstop

Net Profit 112.13 cr 6.97 cr

Dividend 25% (Rs.59 per equity share) 15%

Stock Valuation 420.65 404.35

Equity 30.15 69.71

Debt 20.11 52.53

Sales 4704.91 cr 1090.01 cr

Sales growth 15.54% 17.47%

Growth Plan of pantaloon

2007 2008
Outlets 27 43
Manpower 6700 13000
Sales 3974 cr 4704.91 cr

Growth Plan Of Shoppers stop

2007 2008
Outlets 21 24
Manpower 2700 3100
Sales 899.55 cr 1090.01 cr
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.shopperstop.com

www.pantaloons.com

pantaloon.futurebazaar.com

www.indiaretailing.com

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. ‘What’s eating Indian retailing?’ Business Standard , 10 July 2001.

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How Technology Is Changing The Retail Industry For The Better

By Mark R Burdett (2007)

An Introductory Guide to Point of Sale Systems For Retailers

By Scott J Thomas (2007)

Ways to Be a Winner in Indian Retail

By Mark Stepen (2006)

Innovative Retail Formats in India

By Mark Stepen (2009)

Retail Accounting Trends and Norms in the Market

By Alvis Brazma (2008)

2010 Trends in Economic Development

By Lance Winslow (2009)

Indian Retail Industry Witnesses Steady Growth

By Smith Ian Oct 10,2009

The Changing Face Of The Indian Retail Industry

By Gaurav Doshi (2008)

Retail and Wholesale Industry - Are Their Business
Marriage For Real?

By Edward B. James(2009)

Indian Industry Sectors to Perform Well in Current

Global Recession

By Azaz Motiwala(2008)

Secrets to Retail Success

By Ron Maier

Attitudes of Shopping

By Rabi Jayakumar (2006)

The Retailer's Role In Quality Retailing - The Emerging Scenario In India

By Gaurav Doshi (2007).

The Rise and Rise of Retail in India

By Priyank Azad (2008)