Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AIF FORUM
Jun Yin
Outline
Introduction
Review of Anti-Islanding Techniques
Islanding Frequency Model & Hidden Gene Principle
Proportional Power Spectral Density (PPSD) for
Islanding Detection
Covariance Index for Islanding Detection
Adaptive Logic Phase Shift (ALPS) and Adaptive
Reactive Power Shift (ARPS) Anti-Islanding Algorithm
Hybrid Anti-Islanding Techniques
Conclusion
Questions
References
Introduction
Distributed Generation Systems
¾ DG
Systems Regional
Dispatch
Distribution Substation
Transmission Smart Communication
Line Controller & Control Links
~
Genset Wind Photovoltaic Micro gas
Central
Generating Station
Distribution Line
Factory Town Remote Load
¾ Interconnection of Distributed Power
Generators with Power System
Unintentional islanding is a Main Electric Power System
(EPS)
situation in which local DG
systems continue to supply
power to the local loads at a Area Electric Power System
(AEPS)
Magnitude
Magnitude
0 0
-2 -2
Tc
-4 -4
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
Time (second) Time (second)
α>0 α<0
Fig. 2 The phase characteristics of the islanding load
f0 Tv (n)
Tc (n)
( )−1 ( z −1 + z −2 + z −3 + z −4 ) / 4
It has been proven that the stable region for islanding
operation is
5
0 < k < (2)
f 0
The Frequency Response of The System
D (n)
N (n) Tc (n) Tv (n)
( z −1 + z −2 + z −3 + z −4 ) / 4 1 − f0k
-10
-20
Magnitude (dB)
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Normalized Frequency (×π rad/sample)
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
∑ x ( n ) = ∑ x ( n) x
2 *
En = ( n)
n=0 n =0
N −1 ⎡ N −1 ⎤
1
=
N ∑ *
⎢ X N (e
⎢
k =0 ⎣
jω
) ∑
n =0
x ( n ) e − j ωn ⎥
⎦⎥
1 N −1
= ∑ X N (e jω ) X *N (e jω )
N k =0
N −1
1 (4)
∑X
2
= N ( e jω ) = E ω
N k =0
PPSDinGrid-ConnectedOperation
6
Period Variations
5
50
4
0 3
-50 1
10 20 30 40 50 60 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Sample Instant of Voltage Periods at PCC Normalized Frequency ( π radian)
60
40
60
Period Variations
20
PPSD
0 40
-20
-40 20
-60
-80
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Sample Instant of Voltage Periods at PCC
Normalized Frequency (π radian)
120
Proportional Energy (PE)
100
80
60
40
20
0
500 1000 1500 2000
Sample Instant of Voltage Periods at PCC
in Islanding Operation
0.5
0.5
0
0
3000
2500
Un-normalized Covariance
2000
1500
1000
500
0
200 400 600 800 1000
Sample Instant of Voltage Periods at PCC
⎨ A
⎨ then ΔT = T − T [k + 1] < 0
⎩ av v
⎧ 1, ΔT > 0
⎪
Δθ = Δθ 0 . sgn(ΔT ) sgn( ΔT ) = ⎨ 0, ΔT = 0
⎪− 1, ΔT < 0
⎩
Period detection
PPSD or Covariance
computation
PPSD or No
Covariance>Presetting?
Yes N>=8?
Vdc Vdc L
id * did* VLd
*
Vd
*
PI
3-phase L
SVPWM grid
iq *
diq* VLq
*
Vq
* VSI
PI L
Detection
ia
Voltage
id Local
Grid
ib Load
iq 2r 3s
ic
Detection
vd
vq 2r 3s
Un-normalized Covariance
0.8
2000
0.6
1500
0.4
1000
0.2
500
0 0
200 400 600 800 1000 200 400 600 800 1000
Sample Instant of Voltage Periods at PCC Sample Instant of Voltage Periods at PCC
15 20
Additional D-axis Current (A)
10
5
5
0 0
200 400 600 800 1000 200 400 600 800 1000
Sample Instant of Voltage Periods at PCC Sample Instant of Voltage Periods at PCC
(3) Additional D-axis current after (4) Total D-axis current after
islanding operation islanding operation
Voltage Periods (second)
0.0165
0.016
0.0155