Transformerless Power Supply

April 4, 2010 ElectroSchematics.com Leave a Comment

This transformerless power supply circuit is designed for medium current applications.
During the negative half period, the capacitor C5 is charged to peak voltage network.

The positive half wave will open the thyristor and the electric charge accumulated in C5 will
be transferred in C4. The transport of electric charge through the thyristor begins when the
voltage on C4 drop below a specified level of voltage (set by zener D4). Thus the output
voltage does not depend too much on the voltage variations or the output load.
The thyristor control signal is obtained as follows: main sinusoidal voltage is applied through
capacitor C1 to D4 zener diodes that limit the voltage to 30 Vpp. Thyristor will trigger on the
first front of the limited voltage that is applied through C2 – R2.
Do not touch any electrical parts of this transformerless power supply.
Semiconductors equivalent:
BY127 = BY133
BA100 = BA127, BAY18, BAV18, 1N4148
BZY85C15 = ZF15, ZD0, 4V15
T6N600 = TH3V600T
Transformerless Power Supply Circuit

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Dark activated Relay

February 19, 2010 D.Mohankumar 7 comments

This Dark activated Switch can trigger a relay to operate an AC lamp at Sunset. The lamp
remains on till morning and then turns off. This eliminates the need of switching the Porch
lamp or Backyard lamp daily and also helps to light the premises of the house when the
occupants are out of station.
The circuit utilizes the light sensing property of LDR to activate the circuit.
The LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) has very high resistance as high as 10 Meg
ohms in dark which reduces to a few Ohms in bright light. Variable resistor VR
and the LDR forms a potential divider that gives a variable voltage to the
inverting input (pin2) of IC1. The non inverting input (pin3) of IC1 gets a fixed
voltage (half supply voltage) from the junction of the potential divider R1 and R2.
Feedback Resistor R3 gives some hysteresis so that the relay turns on when
the light level falls to a particular value and does not turns off again until the
light level rises above this value. This prevents spurious switching by sensing
mild changes in the light level. This also prevents relay clicking when the light
level gradually falls at sunset.

During day time LDR gets sunlight and it conducts. This reduces the voltage at pin2 of IC1
.Since this voltage level is lesser than the voltage at pin3, output of IC1 goes high to make the
PNP transistor T1 off. Thus relay remains off during day time. When the light level decreases
at sunset, LDR cease to conduct and the voltage level at pin 2 increases above the voltage
level at pin3.Output of IC1 then turns low and T1 conducts. This activates the relay and the
AC load connected to the NO (Normally Open) contacts of the relay turns on. This condition
remains until LDR illuminates in the morning and then the lamp turns off. Diode D1 protects
T1 from back e.m.f when T1 switches off. VR can be used to adjust the sensitivity of LDR at
the particular light level, say at 6 pm to turns on the lamp.
Designed by D.Mohankumar
Dark activated Relay Circuit diagram
BC557
UA741
IN4007
IC uA 741 and Transistor BC 557 / 558
Mobile Scanner
February 8, 2010 D.Mohankumar 9 comments
Here is a device to locate the mobile phone. It emits intermittent flashes and beeps to indicate
the presence of an active mobile phone. The circuit becomes active even if the mobile phone
is in silent mode. It can be used to detect mobile phone call in noisy environments. Range of
the circuit is 15 cms.
The circuit is basically an RF detector. During the activation of mobile phone, strong RF
field will be generated. The sensor coil L detects the RF signals and T1 amplifies the signals.
The amplified signals are given to the clock input of IC1. CD 4017 is a Johnson decade
counter IC with 10 outputs. Its clock input pin 14 is highly sensitive to RF pulses so that it is
a very good choice for RF detection. Only two outputs (Q1 andQ2) of the IC are used while
the Q3output is tied to the reset pin 15 so that IC will reset on every third pulse. This will
repeat the activation of LED and Buzzer. When the sensor detects the RF signal, clock input
of IC1 gets pulses and its output pins 2 and 4 becomes high and low alternately giving
flashing lights and beeps. The coil used in the circuit is a ready made inductor.Buzzer used is
a small piezo buzzer
Designed by D.Mohankumar
Mobile Scanner Circuit diagram

Simple Touch Switch

author: Izhar Fareed - izhar gmx.us - extremecircuits.net
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Circuit Notes

The MPF102 (Q1) can be replaced with a NTE451 or ECG451, but still widely available.
JFET-N-CHAN, UHF/VHF AMP
The 2N3565 (Q1/Q2) can be replace with a 2N2222(A), BC107, BC108, BC109(A/B/C),
NTE123A, or ECG123A.
The TIP31 (Q3) can be replaced with a NTE196 or ECG196, but is a common type and
widely available.
NO suffix.
The 'Touch Plate' can be anything non corrosive. I use a silver quarter. You can also use a
small relay instead of the #53 bulb. The phone number for DigiKey is 1-800-Digi-Key.

Parts List

R1 22Meg resistor
R2 47K resistor
R3,R4 100K resistor
R5,R6,R7 2K2 resistor
C1 Capacitor, 22΅F, 25V
C2 Capacitor, 22΅F, 25V
Q1 MPF102
Q2,Q3 2N3565
Q4 TIP31
La1 Bulb, #53