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Exercises
1. Check that thè Hamiltonìan operator is linear, by explicitly writing
out its action on a linear combination of functions.
2. What is thè eigenvalue of thè function f(x) = 1 under thè operator Dx? And of thè
functìon f(x) = x under thè operator XDx? Give an example of a function which
is not an eigenfunction of these operators (should be easy).
3. Under what conditìon (on n and m) is thè functìon x an eigenfunction of X D x?
What's thè corresponding eigenvalue?
4. Consider an electron locked up in a box, with length L = 10 nm {1 nm =10-9 m, thè
electron mass is me = 9, 1110-31 kg). What is thè energy E? of thè second level?3
And what's thè energy of thè first (lowest) level? If electron drops down from thè
second to thè first level, thè corresponding energy difference has to be released, for
example in thè form of a photon. What would be thè frequency of thìs photon?
5. The nucleus is a very small region where protons and neutrons are squeezed together
(or 'locked up') in a region of about 1 fm - 10-is m. Be very crude and pretend
that a nucleus really is a 'partìcle in a box' potential trapping thè nucleons. If
a neutron (mn = 1, 67 • 10-27 kg) drops from thè third to thè first level, what
energy ìs released? To convince you that thè 'particle in a box' approximation is
not completely ridiculous here: it is indeed possible for a nucleus to be in an excited
state - with one or more nuclei occupying a higher energy state (such states are
typically produced in nuclear decay processes). When decaying, typically a gamma
ray escapes, with an energy around 1 MeV (= 10g eV). Is this comparable to what
you found with your 'toy calculatìon'?

6. In classica! mechanics, thè potential (and ali other energy levels) can often be shifted
without changing thè physics. To see how things work out here: solve thè problem of
a particle in a box, but now with V =(some Constant) instead of V = O in thè allowed
zone. What happens to thè energy levels? Try to see what happens in generai if you
send H to H+constant: do thè eigenstates change, and their eigenvalues? What
about tìme evolution?