Developing New Properties and Advanced Material

Introduction

New materials can be used to introduce new properties to the product, such as improved
toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, friction behaviour,
self-lubrication, anti-fouling, electrical or thermal conductivity and insulating capacity. Functionality
is increasingly required from materials. Active functionality may mean, for example, wear-,
temperature- or pressure-sensing material solutions, vibration control, constant deformation or
even self-healing.

Since the beginning of the modern era of chemistry in the 19th century, one of the
important goals of chemical research has been the discovery and development of materials with
useful properties. Future advances in technology will depend more than ever on the discovery and
development of materials with new, valuable properties. Chemists have contributed to materials
science by inventing entirely new substances and developing the means for processing naturally
occurring materials to form fibers, films, coatings, adhesives, and substances with special electrical,
magnetic, or optical properties. The several properties and behaviour material have been selected to
be discussed that play vital roles in advanced society.

Potential Techniques in Developing New Properties and Behaviour

In some reviews even materials with a grain size of 500 nm are classified in this category.
This is not advisable because superplastic ceramics and heavily deformed metallic materials have
grain sizes in the range of 300–500 nm which give rise to high strain rate and/or low temperature
superplasticity. Such grain sizes are said to belong to the sub-micron range. Applications of
nanostructured materials, although very important, are beyond the scope of this discussion. By
contributing in the world of frontier application, there are several interacting between advanced
materials, materials performance and also new production technologies that can see more clearly in
figure 1 below. New material solutions enable can achieve unique competitiveness through, for
instance, enhanced efficiency, resistance to extreme conditions, friction behaviour and even the
material’s active functionality. Decorative properties can also be given a new looking using the latest
in material technology.

1
 Figure 1: Interaction between Advanced materials, Materials Performance and New Production
Technologies

Before we look down more about the new properties development, we have to investigate
how those materials can be performing in various areas of application. Operating conditions are
crucial for the material performance, as they have an effect on the material’s properties and
functionality as well as failure mechanisms (and service life). The material’s surface properties often
determine the entire product’s performance and functionality. Having versatile know-how
concerning the interaction between materials and their environments in a variety of solutions in high
temperatures, environments exposed to corrosion and wear, lubricated and non-lubricated
applications, under static as well as dynamic loads is needed in a looking for new materials. This
needed are based on practical experience, experimental research and applicable material modelling
and expertise in damage mechanisms. Versatile research can be prepared such characterisation of
material properties, experimental research in operating condition, failure analysis and modelling and
simulation.
As we known, properties of ceramic is very brittle because of its hard. The solution to make
it tough, ceramic composite coatings with nanostructures can be produced. Developing an
international co-operation thermally sprayed nanostructured ceramic composite coatings whose
fracture toughness has been found to be twice of that traditional ceramics coatings. The new
protective coating is particularly suitable for application where the coating must have good
temperature, wear and corrosion resistance. The developed ceramic composite coatings offer new
uses in applications that require good chemical and heat resistance combined with good wear
resistance.
In the past, instrumental analytical chemistry could not keep pace in lateral and depth
resolution with the development of, e.g., semiconductor devices whose lateral resolution increased
from ca. 300 micrometer in the 1970s to below 0.1 micrometer now and to less than 50 nm soon
(microelectronics roadmap) [1–3]. To overcome these limitations, efficient and sensitive microscopic
analytical techniques that are commonly denoted as “beam methods” of analysis have been

2
developed over recent decades. These methods are based on the spatially confined interaction of
ions, electrons or electromagnetic radiation with a sample (see Fig. 2 for a general overview). There
are many combinations of “input and output” fluxes of radiation, energy, or particles that provide
information on the surface or the interior of a sample.

Figure 2: Schematic of interaction leading to secondary phenomena that can be used in beam
analysis

Another property that needed in advanced material is anti-fouling. Develops and studies
multifunctional and nanostructured hybrid coatings applying the solgel technique. Sol-gel coatings
are suitable for a wide range of surfaces, e.g. metallic, plastic, glass, ceramic, wood and wood fibre
products, and they can be applied on surfaces in the process industry as well as the living
environment. The properties achieved using solgel coatings include anti-fouling and improved
cleanability, abrasion and scratch resistance, corrosion protection, barrier properties and moisture
control, modification of surface free energy, photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties.

Why These New Application are Critical?

When discussing the properties of materials at the molecular level offers the potential

performance improvement for application in a variety of devices throughout the human activities:
from medicine to cosmetics and food, from information and communication to entertainment, from

3
earth-bound transport to aerospace, from future energy concepts to environment and climate
change, from security to cultural heritage. Nanomaterials will lead to a radically new approach to
manufacturing materials and devices. From those properties and behaviour of these advanced
material that has been discussed. It can be a one of the factors that make these new applications are
critical.

Materials and Processes of Engineering Product or System

Products are made from various materials, different shape and sizes followed by a number
of processes prior to they become saleable and used. This stage becomes a duty for the design of
a system or product to be marketed or used made ready for it purpose. One of the engineering
products to be discussed further based on the materials and processes are about the elevator
system. As a result of the elevator system has a number of other complex systems inside there, this
assignment will lead to discuss about scope of cab only. The car unit of an elevator consists of the
car proper and a car frame possibly provided to support the elevator car.

 At present, the walls of an elevator car are manufactured from profiled sheets metal
attached to each other by inflections perpendicular to the sheet surface. Mostly, interior of elevator
used the material of the stainless steel trimmed on plastics laminated panel. On the side facing the
car interior, the sheet structure has a substantially smooth surface, to which the wall panels or other

4
elements forming the interior wall surface of the car are attached. Wall inside the elevator have
passing through the sheet metal press working.

The most prominent part can be found on the inside of the elevator are control box, switch
panel, and also elevator lights. Most of these parts are completed through the blanking, and piercing
process of sheet metal. The connections between pieces of sheet metal are carried out through a
seam process. Since most of inside wall come made from the sheet metal, thus the sheet metal is
made by rolling process before passing through process of blanking, piercing and also embossment
to the sheet metal. Thus the surface finish of the sheet metal is having constant cross sectional
throughout its length.

References

1 T.J. Shaffner, Semiconductor characterization and analytical technology, Proc. IEEE 88 (9)
(2000) 1416– 1437.
2. F. Ernst, M. Tuhle (Eds.), High Resolution imaging and Spectroscopy of Materials, Springer,
2003.
3. R. Heiderhoff, L.J. Balk, Scanning probe microscopy and related modifications for
semiconductor investigations. Defect recognition and image processing in semiconductors,
Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. 160 (1997) 1– 8.