Permanent Corrosion Prevention

Proven Technology
The Visco-elastic Coating System

Summary of Presentation

The Corrosive Environment

Technical Overview
Difference in STOPAQ technology
Brief History of STOPAQ Europe BV.
Evaluation of STOPAQ by SGS
Approvals and References
 Corrosion
“The destruction of a substance, usually a
metal, by reaction within it’s environment.”

The Corrosive Environment

Three basic elements

Metal
Electrolyte
Oxygen

Eliminate any one of these and corrosion STOPS!

External coating is the first line of defense

against corrosion caused by the environment
around the pipe.
 Technical Overview

The Stopaq Wrapping Band from Stopaq Europe is a

“bandage” that protects pipelines from corrosion.

It is based on Oppanol, a type of polyisobutene (PIB)

manufactured by BASF. The Stopaq Wrapping Band
reliably seals even the smallest defects, since the polymer
makes the surface completely impermeable to water and
gases.

The Wrapping Band made from Oppanol can be used

anywhere in the world because the polymer remains
flexible at any ambient temperature. PIB is also non-toxic,
whereas the epoxy resin normally used to protect
pipelines is also difficult to use in hot climates, where
solvents tend to evaporate.

10
 To this……

STOPAQ is Different
STOPAQ is a non-polar, non-thermosetting, and non cross
linked fluid polymer having a glass transition temperature
lower than minus 50C.
The material is amorphous and therefore forms no
crystalline regions, in contrast to PE or PP.
STOPAQ is 100% impermeable (water and gas).
No Primers required – Material self adheres to all known
substrates (PE, PP, CTE, FBE, Steel, Glass, etc).
Minimum Surface Preparation – No sand blasting required
- SP 2 Hand wire Brush is sufficient.
100% conformance to irregular shapes.
Material never cures – excellent property which deals with
soil stress & pipe movement.

STOPAQ is non-toxic, no VOC’s.

 Evaluation of STOPAQ by Shell Global Solutions

Report No. GS.07.51342

“.…Performance Testing of STOPAQ CZH Coating System

as Field Joint Coating and as Rehabilitation Coating….”

“….To evaluate and determine the suitability of STOPAQ

CZH as field joint coating and as a rehabilitation coating
suitable for carbon steel line pipe with FBE, PE and PP line
pipe coating….”

“....The approval is given as an overall coating system

qualification for field joints, independant of diameter and
wall thickness...”

Tests
Test Layer Test temperatures
oC oC oC

Thickness System +23

Holiday Detection System +23
Dripping CZH -45 +23 +70
Impact System -45 +23 +70
Indentation System -45 +23 +70
Specific Electrical Insulation System +23
Cathodic Disbondment System +23 +70
Self Healing System -45 +23 +70
Peel Layer to Layer Outerwrap -45 +23 +70
Peel on tube CZH -45 +23 +70
Lap Shear CZH -45 +23 +70
Water Ingress CZH +23
Elongation + Peel Outerwrap +23

Items marked in red are also tested for the effect of ageing.
Ageing conditions: wet and dry, both 100 days at 90 oC.
23-10-2006 HV181006 10
 Thickness
Equipment
Elcometer 456, Accuracy: < 3 %.

Results
CZH applied : > 1.8 mm
Visual appearance : No irregularities

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Holiday Detection
Equipment
Elmed Isotest 3p.

Results
CZH Applied : No holidays

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 Drip Resistance
Equipment
Oven/Freezer

Results
CZH : No dripping at -45,
+23, +70 oC
CZH : No dripping at
+ 130 oC !

23-10-2006 HV181006 13

Impact Resistance
Equipment
Drop weigth (15 J)
Oven/freezer

Results
- 45 oC : no holidays
+ 23 oC : no holidays
+ 70 oC : no holidays ( < 2 hr)

Selfhealing after impact # 9 at 70C :

23-10-2006 HV181006 14
 Indentation Resistance
Equipment
Indentation weigth (15 J)
Oven/freezer

Results
- 45 oC : no holidays
+ 23 oC : no holidays
+ 70 oC : no holidays ( < 1 hr)

Recovery after indentation at all temperature.

23-10-2006 HV181006 15

Specific Electrical Insulation Resistance

Equipment
Power Supply: (50 V)
Ammeter (sensitivity: 0.01 µA)
Salt Water (NaCl 0.1 mol/L) bath
(23 oC)
Cu - electrode

Results

Rs > 108 (.m2

Thus, actual value is higher !

23-10-2006 HV181006 16
 Cathodic Disbondment Resistance
Equipment
Power Supply (> 1.5 V, >
20 mA)
Salt Water (NaCl 3 %)
Reference and Pt (wire)
Electrode

Results
+23C : 0 mm
+70C : 0 mm

* Artificial defect
(Ø 6 mm) is healed within 1
day.
* No disbondment observed.
23-10-2006 HV181006 17

Cathodic Disbondment Resistance

Equipment

Results

23-10-2006 HV181006 18
 Self Healing
Equipment
Oven/freezer
Defect of Ø 6 mm

Results
- 45 oC : > 3 months
+ 23 oC : < 24 hrs
+ 70 oC : < 24 hrs

* No holidays were detected !

* Self healing is in progress at – 45 oC !
* Similar results after ageing

23-10-2006 HV181006 19

Peel Strength Outerwrap

Equipment
Tensile tester
Oven/freezer
PC

Results
Temp PVC/PVC
PVC/CZH
- 45 oC : 0.2 N/mm 0.2
N/mm
+ 23 oC : 0.5 N/mm 0.5
N/mm
+ 70 oC : < 0.2 N/mm 0.2
N/mm

23-10-2006 HV181006 20
 Peel Strength (Annex M) PVC/PVC at 23 oC
0,50

0,45

0,40

0,35
PSCG
0,30
N/mm
0,25

0,20

0,15

0,10

0,05

0,00
Europe NL China Stopaq

Origin of PVC tape supplier

23-10-2006 HV181006 21

Peel Strength (Annex M) PVC/CZH at 23 oC

0,50

0,45

0,40

0,35
PSCG
0,30
N/mm
0,25

0,20

0,15

0,10

0,05

0,00
Europe NL China Stopaq

Origin of PVC tape supplier

23-10-2006 HV181006 22
 Peel Strength CZH on Steel (Sa 2 ½)
Equipment
Tensile tester
Oven/freezer and PC
Results
Temp Coverage
Thickness
- 45 oC : CZH band breaks !
+ 23 oC : > 99 % > 0.6 mm
+ 70 C :
o > 99 % > 0.6 mm

* Always a corrosion protective layer !

* Similar results for FBE, PP and PE
pipeline coatings (except -45 oC;
adhesion failure, ranging 2 to 10
3,0

2,5

N/mm) !
2,0

Peel Strength, N/cm

1,5

1,0

*23-10-2006
Similar results for aged samples
HV181006
0,5

0,0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
23
-0,5

(Longitudinale) Lengte, mm

Peel strength CZH on Steel (Sa 2 ½)

Coverage after peeling tests > 99 % !

23-10-2006 HV181006 24
 Lap shear strength CZH on Steel (Sa 2½)
Equipment
Tensile tester
Oven/freezer and PC

Results
Temp Coverage
Thickness
- 45 oC : CZH band breaks !
+ 23 C :
o > 99 % > 0.6 mm
+ 70 oC : > 99 % > 0.6 mm

• Always a corrosion protective layer

!
• Similar results for Aged samples

23-10-2006 HV181006 25

Lap Shear Strength CZH on Steel (Sa 2½)

Test area

Examples

23-10-2006 HV181006 26
 Equipment
Water Ingress
Balance

Results

Water Ingress < 0.03 % (w/w)

No change in colour !

23-10-2006 HV181006 27

Thermal Ageing Resistance of Outerwrap

Elongation at break

E100/E0 1.251 E100/E0 1 0.75

E100/E70 E100/E70 1 0.8

E0 is the elongation at break without heat ageing

E70 is the elongation at break after heat ageing
for 70 day
E100 is the elongation at break after heat ageing
for 100 days

23-10-2006 HV181006 28
 Thermal Ageing Resistance of Outer Wrap

Peel Strength Between Layers

P100/P0 P100/P0 1 0.75

P100/P70 P100/P70 1 0.8

P0 is the peel strength at 23 C without heat ageing;

P70 is the peel strength at 23 C after heat ageing for
70 days
P100 is the peel strength at 23 C after heat ageing
for 100 days

23-10-2006 HV181006 29

Thermal Ageing Resistance of Outerwrap

Results

E100/E0 = 0.90
E100/E70 = 0.98

P100/P0 = 0.69
P100/P70 = 1.02

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 Tested Pipe Coatings

23-10-2006 HV181006 31

Approved & Certified Solution

SHELL GLOBAL SOLUTIONS B.V.
SAUDI ARAMCO, Saudi Arabia
GASUNIE, Netherlands
NEREFCO, Rotterdam
ESSO, GERMANY
Subsea 7, Scotland
PDVSA, Venezuela
PDO SHELL, OMAN
OMAN GAS COMPANY, Oman
IRANIAN GAS COMPANY, Iran
Wintershall BV North Sea, Netherlands
WINGAS, Germany
N.A.M., Netherlands
Essent, Netherlands
DPO Pipelines, Netherlands
Gasco/Adnoc, U.A.E.
Conoco Philips USA

KIWA
OVGW
NSF
TNO
TUV

OFFICIAL CORPORATE NACE MEMBER

STOPAQ currently protects more than
3 million sq m of global assets

Thank you…