Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ACRONYMS
B/U BackUp
CAS Crew Alerting System
EBHA Electrical Backup Hydraulic Actuator
EEC Electronic Engine Controller
EDP Engine Driven Pump
ENG Engine
FADEC Full Authority Digital Electronic Control
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Arrays
HYD SOV HYDraulic ShutOff Valve (also referred to as Hydraulic Firewall Shut Off
Valve)
HSCB Hydraulic System Control Board
INBD Inboard
LH Left Hand
MAU Modular Avionics Unit
N/W Nose Wheel
OUTBD OUTBoarD
PFCS Primary Flight Control System
PV Priority Valve
RH Right Hand
SFCS Secondary Flight Control System
SOV Shut Off Valve
T/R Thrust Reverser
WOW Weight on Wheels
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
HYDRAULIC POWER
The primary hydraulic power supply features three independent hydraulic systems (referred
to as A, B, and C systems), each operating with hydraulic fluid at a nominal pressure of
3000 psi (207 bar).
It is powered by five Engine Driven Pumps (EDP).
The auxiliary hydraulic supply, which is provided by the electrical backup pump and selector
valve, provide back-up power between 2900 psi (200 bar) and 1500 psi for system B as well
as power to systems A or B for ground maintenance activities.
CONTROLS
INDICATIONS
GENERAL
GENERATION
GENERAL
RESERVOIRS
Each of the three hydraulic systems stores hydraulic fluid in a dedicated reservoir
embedding its own accumulator.
Each reservoir is pressurized by its corresponding hydraulic system to avoid pump cavitation
and draining. No bleed air is used to pressurize the hydraulic tanks.
Fluid quantity can be visually checked on the reservoir itself or on the hydraulic synoptic.
Fluid temperature for each reservoir is also given on the hydraulic synoptic.
General
The Falcon 7X hydraulic system uses five EDP of two different sizes:
- Systems A and B use a 1-gallon frame size pump,
- System C uses a 0.5 gallon frame size pump.
The self-regulating, piston-type EDP are driven by the accessory gearbox of the
corresponding engine.
The regulated pressure output is 3000 ± 50 psi.
Depressurization mode
General
NOTE
Prior to flight, Backup pump selector valve should be set on Hydraulic B.
When activated, the backup pump operates continuously and delivers approximately
2,900 psi.
The backup pump is supplied by the RH ESSential bus.
The backup pump is air cooled by an internal fan attached to the motor rotor and is
designed to provide sufficient cooling at or below 15,000 ft for a continuous use (no time
limitation).
NOTE
Use of Backup pump above 15,000 ft should be limited in order to avoid overheating.
Operation
The spoilers feature a dedicated Electrical Backup Hydraulic Actuator (EBHA), which
provides local pressure with an internal accumulator in case of failure of the EDP C2.
DISTRIBUTION
Each of systems A and B uses two Engine Driven Pumps (A1, A3, B2 and B3 pumps), as the
primary source of supply of pressurized hydraulic fluid for:
- The primary and the secondary flight controls,
- The landing gear operation, and nose wheel steering
- Normal and park braking,
- Thrust reverser.
Priority valves on system A and B give priority to flight controls and brakes in case of flow
deficit.
System C uses C2 pump to provide pressurized Hydraulic fluid to:
- The spoilers
- One barrel of right elevator
- One barrel of right aileron.
PRIORITY VALVES
A priority valve is installed on system A and B ahead of the utility users of the hydraulic
system giving flow delivery priority to the flight control components that are essential for
flight and for the brakes system on ground.
For example, the priority valves might be actuated when one EDP for system A or B is failed
and the remaining pump produces insufficient flow to power the extension of landing gear,
flaps, etc and to also power the flight controls: the priority valve then preserves pressure for
the flight controls.
In the event of an engine fire or hydraulic overheat, each EDP can be isolated from the
Hydraulic System through an electrically-controlled HYDraulic Shut-Off Valve (HYD SOV),
located in the suction lines.
When activated, the HYD SOV isolates the suction line from the pump, preventing hydraulic
fluid from reaching the engine, should an engine fire occur.
A thermal relief valve protects the downstream system when the HYD SOV is closed.
The five HYD SOV can be manually activated by the crew members through five CLOSE
switches on the overhead panel and/or engine fire/handle button.
FILTERING
Filtration components installed on the three hydraulic systems supply clean fluid to the
hydraulic components.
The filters contain:
- An electrical differential pressure indicator for on condition maintenance support
purpose,
- A bypass valve to allow system operation with a clogged filter (return filter only).
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
EQUIPMENT LOCATION
Backup pump, backup pump select valve and reservoirs are located in the service
compartment.
Following paragraph describes the power supply of the different equipment of the hydraulic
system.
Electrical protection is provided either:
- By Solid State Power Controllers (SSPC) ,
- By Circuit Breakers (CB).
¾ Refer to ATA 24 – ELECTRICAL POWER for additional information.
RESERVOIRS
The assembly is a bootstrap type, utilizing system high-pressure fluid acting on a piston and
provides the following functions:
- Supply fluid to the system, or accept fluid from the system
- Provide sufficient static pressure to deliver fluid to the pump
- Collect air for manual removal with a bleed/relief valve.
- Maintain sufficient pressure in the hydraulic system to energize seals for a period of 72
hours after aircraft shutdown to minimize air ingress into the system.
The reservoir provides the necessary fluid volume demanded by the hydraulic system.
Changes in fluid volume due to thermal expansion/contraction, system leakage, and
differential area of the user actuators have been taken into account in sizing the volume of
each reservoir.
The low-pressure piston is acted upon by the bootstrap piston to maintain chamber
pressure.
System A and B reservoirs each utilize the same diameter storage chamber, while the
system C reservoir utilizes a smaller storage chamber piston diameter.
A drain provided on the atmospheric side of the piston head routes any leakage fluid
overboard.
Bootstrap Cylinder
This assembly contains a small-area piston exposed to system pressure, nominally 3000
psig (207 bar), which provides force to drive the low-pressure piston and pressurize the
reservoir.
This accumulator provides the pressure and volume to maintain seal energisation for a
period of 72 hours after aircraft shutdown.
EDP
Systems A and B each use two Engine Driven Pumps (EDP), as the primary source of
supply of pressurized hydraulic fluid for the flight control and utility systems.
The Parker Model AP1V is a conventional axial piston type pump wherein a cylinder
barrel containing nine pistons is driven by an external power source.
The pump timing and displacement controls provide for low-pressure ripple and smooth
response to rapid changes in flow demand. Each of the System A & B EDP incorporates
an integral attenuator ball on the discharge to provide pressure ripple and noise
reduction.
■ Depressurization mode
The FADEC will energize the EDP de-pressurization solenoids to minimize engine
drag torque for ground starts and for in air engine restarts.
If all three engines are non-operational during flight but are windmilling at a speed
greater than 15% N2, the EDP A1, A3, B3, and B2 will not be de-pressurized so
that they can provide limited hydraulic power to the hydraulic systems from the
windmilling engines: PFCS.
The EDP will be depressurized when windmilling engine speed reduces below 15%
N2 to minimize the engine load during a relight attempt. The pump will produce full
pressure when its respective engine speed is greater than 40% on increasing
speed to minimize starting and windmilling torque loads on that engine.
The Hydraulic System Controller will energize the EDP de-pressurization solenoids
to minimize heat rejection into the system, if required.
System C EDP
PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS
The pressure transducer transmits electrical signals, proportional to each hydraulic system
pressure, to the crew members for monitoring of pressure in each system.
There is one pressure transducer located downstream of the filter pressure element in each
system module (3 total).
PRESSURE SWITCHES
Each hydraulic pump output (the EDP and the Backup Pump) is monitored by a dedicated
pressure switch. These switches are used to annunciate hydraulic pump specific faults to
the cockpit crew when pump pressure falls below a predetermined value.
This valve is used to power system A for maintenance activities only. The valve will switch
both the suction and discharge lines of the backup pump from system A to B.
The select valve is designed to prevent any possibility of fluid propagating from one system
to another by utilizing rip-stop construction, such that any structural failure will not result in
the loss of both system A and B hydraulic pressure.
The valve incorporates an integral pin to allow latching in both the “GROUND” (System A
powered) and “FLIGHT” (System B powered) positions. An electrical switch is provided to
status spool position to prevent dispatch with the valve set to the “GROUND” position.
The HSCB controls the backup pump and EDP A3, B3 and B2 depressurization solenoids.
The HSCB will depressurize the EDP to control fluid temperature.
The HSCB will command the EDP B3 and B2 pumps to depress when the standby pump is
commanded ON.
The HSCB implements the logic using two electronic components called Field
Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA):
- One FPGA is used to implement the logic for EDP A3 and B2 depress solenoids.
- The other is used to implement the logic for the backup pump and EDP B3 depress
solenoid.
Circuits for the two FPGA are powered by different buses. Therefore, the loss of one bus will
only disable part of the HSCB.
CONTROLS
The hydraulic system is mainly controlled through the switches of the HYDRAULICS section
of the Overhead Panel:
- The five Hydraulic Shut-Off Valves (HYD SOV) are controlled by SHUT OFF A1, A3, B2,
B3 and C2 guarded pushbuttons,
- The backup pump is controlled by the "BACKUP PUMP" pushbutton.
The five HYD SOV can also be activated through the respective engine FIRE guarded
pushbuttons on the Fire Control Panel.
SYNTHETIC TABLE
TO ACTIVATE
CONTROL FUNCTION SYNOPTIC
TO DEACTIVATE
EDP A1
OPEN HYD SOV
open
EDP A1
Guarded HYD SOV
pushbuttons control closed
the closing of the
corresponding
HYD SOV:
CLOSE
- Unlighted open
(normal): HYD
SOV is open,
- CLOSE: HYD EDP A1
SOV is closed. HYD SOV
is not in its
commanded
position
EDP A1
HYD SOV
invalid data
TO ACTIVATE
CONTROL FUNCTION SYNOPTIC
TO DEACTIVATE
Backup
pump
stopped and
ready to
supply
System B
Normal
Backup
pump
Backup pump started and
switch controls the supplying
Backup Pump System B
This pushbutton
cycles through:
- Unlighted auto: ON mode
Backup Pump ON
running
starts when the
pressure drops
in systems A
and B,
- ON: Backup
Pump runs
continuously, OFF OFF mode
- OFF: Backup
Pump shutdown
or failure.
Short push:
Normal/OFF
Invalid data
Long push: ON.
INDICATIONS
Indications related to the Hydraulic system are provided within the HYDraulic synoptic and
within the STATus page.
The HYDraulic (HYD) synoptic page displays the three hydraulic systems and the distribution
of users between the systems:
- The five EDP, the backup pump and the five Firewall Shutoff Valves status are indicated
by colour symbols and/or text fields
- The button WHEELS allow to access tire pressure and brake temperature information
(these data are described in ATA 32)
- The following indications are available:
o Pressure of each hydraulic system,
o Fluid quantity of each hydraulic system,
o Fluid temperature of each hydraulic system,
o Shut-Off Valve positions (open, closed, transition),
o Accumulators pressure (park brake, thrust reverser being not monitored).
Equipment status
In normal operation, symbols are green. If a failure occurs in a system, the symbols of
equipment powered by this system become amber.
For flight control actuators connected to systems A and B, or A and C, or B and C, the
corresponding symbols are:
- Green, in normal operating conditions,
- Amber, in case of total hydraulic power loss,
- Half green / half amber in case of loss of one system.
STATUS synoptic
At the top of the STATus page, following information on the three Hydraulic systems are
summarized:
- Hydraulic quantity,
- Hydraulic pressure,
- Hydraulic Temperature.
SYSTEM MONITORING
ACTIVE PROTECTIONS
OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION
Main system
Each hydraulic system comprises a pressure relief valve located in the filter manifold,
protecting the system in the event of a runaway pump compensator.
Reservoir
A bleed and relief valve is integrated to each system reservoir for air removal and
overpressure protection.
OVERHEAT PROTECTION
For Systems A, B:
- EDP A3 and B2 are depressurized automatically when the hydraulic fluid gets too hot.
- This depressurization is controlled by a fluid temperature switch located in the low
pressure section of each system reservoir.
Additionally, in case of high temperature within the reservoirs of systems A and B:
- Hydraulic fluid is routed to an overboard drain
- This is controlled through a thermal fuse:
o System A: when fluid reaches 143° C
o System B: when fluid reaches 177° C
For System C:
- Hydraulic Shut Off Valve C2 is automatically closed when the hydraulic fluid gets too
hot: 125 °C.
- This is controlled by a fluid temperature switch located in a tee fitting directly mounted in
the system return port.
PRIORITY VALVES