Studying the Life Style of

House Helps

BY :-

Anisha Agarwal (61), Saurabh

Agarwal (63)

Sanal Gupta (80), Tasneem Kapasi

(87)
 Anuja Misra (97), Rushabh Nisar
(104)

Nidhi Pande (105), Sonam Pawar

(106)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, we must express our deep sense of gratitude towards WE School,
Mumbai for providing us the opportunity and the leeway to realize what we were afraid might
be untenable, to reach out for what we were unsure was untouchable and to fly when we were
afraid we might be bounded by invisible walls, both around ourselves and our mind.

We would like to express our gratitude to our guide Prof. Victor Manickam, for his
unflagging support throughout the tenure of our project.

We would like to acknowledge the contributions of the various bureaus and individuals
who aided in the development of our project.

We would also like to express our gratitude to each and every participant of our surveys,
who knowingly or unknowingly have contributed in their own ways in the successful
completion of this project.

Last but not the least the active and enthusiastic participation of each and every member
of the group is appreciated.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Zipping past the roads, Rohan Ahire is often seen showing off his Rs. 1 lakh worth bike to his friends
and anyone who would care to see… Well, this is not in any plush area of South Mumbai but a modest chawl
area of Anand Nagar which lies in between North Mumbai and Thane. Rohan is the youngest of the three born
to Gita and Parshuram Ahire. While Parshuram is a daily wager at a private factory, while Gita works as a
housemaid in the nearby complexes.

A normal day in Gita Ahire’s life starts at 5 am with her household chores and then she goes to work in
the plush complexes near her basti. Cooking, cleaning, chatting and catching up with her neighbourhood ladies
who are also housemaids, she leads a seemingly happy-go-lucky life. Living life as it comes and spending
money as she earns seems to be her way of life. But how does she afford a bike worth lakh rupees? There must
be something more to her story, there must be much more to her lifestyle. She is one of the 1 million nameless,
faceless plethora of househelps that inhibit the city of Mumbai today. But is she an exception to our
assumptions or are our assumptions misconceived? Such questions inspired us to delve more into the lifestyle of
the household helps in Mumbai.

We started off by defining what we wanted to look for under the broad definition of ‘lifestyle’. Having
set our objectives, we started fishing the internet and maid-employment bureau for some data as part of our
Secondary Research. The findings from our secondary research set the tone for our primary research. We had
numerous sessions of brainstorming that led us towards various aspects of the househelp’s life that further
attracted our attention. We came up with questions that reflected our curiosity. These questions cover various
aspects of the house help’s lives:

• Work related life

• Family life
• Social life
• Habits
• Awareness levels
• Preferences
• Aspirations

With these objectives in mind, we set the tone for our primary questionnaire. We formulated and
reformulated the questionnaire until we were satisfied that it could not be perfected further. The task of
administering the questionnaire was divided among individual members. For the sake of convenience, we
conducted the survey on househelps living close to our residences. So the areas we have covered include

• Dadar
• Fort
• Mazagaon
• Malabar hill
• Cuffe parade
• Mulund
 Once the survey was conducted, we all had our individual experiences to share. Experiencing the way
they look at life astonished us, while the reasons for which they worked touched us and the way they treated us
inspired us. But measuring these in numbers was difficult but still we tried to collate their responses into
percentages and pie diagrams which facilitated the inferences. Some of the observations that the numbers can’t
speak of have been presented separately.

As we have come to the end of our research, we realize that the time horizon over which the entire
research is spread is not sufficient to analyze long term trends. However, since the process has been initiated,
we believe that with time, we will be able to follow trends and their implications as a consumer market. We
have only just begun!
 INDEX

Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................................7
GROUP MEMBERS...........................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................................8
PROJECT............................................................................................................................................................8
OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT...............................................................................................................................9
What we would like to know about the household helps?...................................................................................9
How do we look at them?....................................................................................................................................9
How can we reach them?...................................................................................................................................10
Secondary Research.......................................................................................................................................10
Primary Research...........................................................................................................................................10
What we are looking from the Secondary Research?........................................................................................10
Which are the areas can we cover?....................................................................................................................10
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................11
Type of Research...............................................................................................................................................11
Research Design................................................................................................................................................11
Descriptive Research.........................................................................................................................................11
Sampling Design................................................................................................................................................11
Primary Data......................................................................................................................................................11
Limitations of Primary Research.......................................................................................................................12
Secondary Data..................................................................................................................................................12
Method of Data Collection................................................................................................................................12
Screener Questionnaire......................................................................................................................................12
Main Questionnaire...........................................................................................................................................12
SECONDARY RESEARCH AND INFERENCES..............................................................................................13
What we are looking from the Secondary Research?........................................................................................13
Total Maids in Mumbai.....................................................................................................................................13
Demand and Supply...........................................................................................................................................13
Migrant Household Helps..................................................................................................................................13
Gender And Age Group.....................................................................................................................................13
PRIMARY RESEARCH.......................................................................................................................................14
 TYPE OF PRIMARY RESEARCH AND SAMPLING...................................................................................14
OBSERVATIONS ,FINDINGS AND KEY INFERENCES................................................................................15
Spending Habits.................................................................................................................................................15
Individual Experiences..........................................................................................................................................27
RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................................................................28
New Questions Added After Recommendations...................................................................................................29
ANNEXURE.........................................................................................................................................................31
QUESTIONNAIRE...........................................................................................................................................31
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................31
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................................43
Web Sources..................................................................................................................................................43
Books.............................................................................................................................................................43
Books
 INTRODUCTION
GROUP MEMBERS

Anisha Agarwal

The tension queen who motivates everyone to work before time and acts as a good co-ordinator.

Anuja Misra

The introvert girl who takes every challenge as an opportunity to improve the group’s performance and
acts as a good motivator.

Nidhi Pande

The energy booster of the group who is task oriented and helps in detail analysis.

Rushabh Nisar

The group equalizer who helps in dividing the work equally and at the same time pleases everyone with
his warm smile and food.

Sanal Gupta

The techie of our group who is a good team player .Whenever he takes up a responsibility he fulfills it.

Saurabh Agarwal

An easy going guy with warm nature and good team spirit.

Sonam Pawar

A very creative person who does not shy away from work and holds the group together and acts as a
team leader.

Tasneem Kapasi

A self motivated girl who knows what is to be done. She is an Idea Generator always full of energy.
 INTRODUCTION
PROJECT

Brainstorming about the topic for the project, we started discussing how our household helps become a
part of our family and are an integral aspect of any effective and happy family functioning. This was the
moment when the idea of this project was conceived. With this project we intend to extend a helping hand to the
unheard and unserved section of the society.

Our interest in this project is to understand and analyze:

• Their spending habits.

• Their saving habits.
• Their children’s educational level.
• Their preference in terms of:
○ Nature of work.
○ Nature of relationship with employer.
○ Community of the employer.
• Their purpose/motive of working.
• Their literacy level.
• Distance between their workplace and home & how they travel.
• And other problems faced by them.

Lastly Prof. Victor Manickam had given us the freedom to choose any topic that interested us, & unlike
other courses we wanted to do something that may have an impact on the society , something what we have
never attempted before, something challenging & this topic gave us all that & hence we went ahead with the
project.

We carried out the research over the last four months (October 2009 to January 2010). This included
secondary research followed by primary research, which was conducted in tune with the findings of the
secondary research.
 OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT
What we would like to know about the household helps?
1. Their spending habits.
2. Their saving habits.
3. Their children’s educational level.
4. Their preference in terms of:
a. Nature of work.
b. Nature of relationship with employer.
c. Community of the employer.
5. Their purpose/motive of working.
6. Their literacy level.
7. Distance between their workplace and home & how they travel.
8. And other problems faced by them.

How do we look at them?

1. Native town wise
a. Tier 1 cities (slums).
b. Tier 2 cities (chawls/LIG colonies).
c. Tier 3 cities (rural).
2. Family composition of the employer
a. Family.
b. No. of working members.
c. Bachelors/Spinsters.
3. Kind of work
a. Cleaning utensils.
b. Washing clothes.
c. Cleaning floor.
d. Cooking.
e. Babysitter.
f. As a nurse of aged person.
g. Toilet cleaners.
h. Part time/full time.
4. Marital Status & Family Type
a. Single.
b. Married.
c. Abandoned.
d. Widowed.
e. Subject to domestic violence.
5. No. of household he/she is working at.
How can we reach them?
Secondary Research
1. Bureaus.
2. NGOs.
3. Internet.
4. Research papers of other researchers.

Primary Research
1. Maids at our places.
2. Maids working in the colony.
3. Maids working at our relatives’ place.
4. Help from our mother and aunts.

What we are looking from the Secondary Research?

1. Statistics relating to total maids in Mumbai City.
2. Demand and Supply details.
3. Statistics of the migrants and native household helps.
4. Wage range the employers are ready to pay.
5. Community they come from.
6. Gender and Age group.

Which are the areas can we cover?

1. Cuffe Parade & Colaba.
2. Haji Ali & Mahalaxmi.
3. Fort & VT.
4. Mazgaon.
5. Sion & Matunga.
6. Mulund & Thane.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Type of Research
Both descriptive and exploratory research was used in compiling this report. While the descriptive research was
used to study the form the micro-segments within the larger target audience and conduct a psychographic
analysis to establish their behaviour. This has been done with the household helps kept specifically in the view.

Research Design
Considering the time constraints descriptive research is the most suitable design for this research since
descriptive studies seek to portray accurately the characteristics of the population. These studies attempt to
make generalizations about the attributes of that population by studying a small sample of the population.

Descriptive Research
This research is designed to describe characteristics of a population. This research is used when the researcher
has a general understanding of the situation, the conclusive evidence that answers questions of facts necessary
to determine a course of action has yet to be collected. For the purpose of our research project we have used a
Descriptive Research Methodology.

Sampling Design
Target Population: We targeted a cross section of people, across sexes, across various age groups and across
different work areas.

Sampling Frame: We mainly conducted the surveys at the various places in Mumbai covering the vicinities of
Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Haji Ali, Mahalaxmi, Fort, VT, Mazgaon, Sion, Matunga, Mulund and Thane to gather
responses from diverse set of population sensitivities. In addition to this, we visited a few Bureaus as well as
self employed people.

Sample Size: A sample size of 114 people was chosen, as, the trends being highly variable and differential
amongst different age and work groups required a relatively considerable sample size, in order to facilitate the
analysis.

Primary Data
For collecting Primary Data, questionnaires were administered to the samples in order to segment the target
group based on their response to the questions pertaining to their psychographic profiles.
Limitations of Primary Research
The respondents which were selected mainly comprised female respondents, this phenomenon has caused the
data to be gender biased with 70% of the respondents being women.

Secondary Data
After the research problem in marketing has been identified and selected, the next step is to gather the requisite
data. Use of various publications, journals, articles and the Internet was made to garner various statistics and
insights into the life of Mumbai’s household helps.

Method of Data Collection

The primary method of data collection was through the medium of questionnaires. A single questionnaire was
designed to be administered and it was posed to the target audience The questionnaire was suitably designed to
filter out the non-applicable respondents. Therefore, screener question was incorporated in the beginning itself.

Screener Questionnaire
This questionnaire was very short and simply was in order to qualify the respondent to the next level (Main
Questionnaire).

Main Questionnaire
This questionnaire was designed to judge the perception of the household helps of Mumbai with regards to
their work preference, income group, investment pattern, psychological issues and lifestyle as a whole.

SECONDARY RESEARCH AND INFERENCES

What we are looking from the Secondary Research?
1. Statistics relating to total maids in Mumbai City.
2. Demand and Supply details.
 3. Statistics of the migrants and native household helps.
4. Wage range the employers are ready to pay.
5. Community they come from.
6. Gender and Age group.

Total Maids in Mumbai

According to the 1991 census, there were 5.76 lakh women (58% of the total workers in this sector) engaged in
the domestic services industry.

Source: Report : Migration In India – Trade Union Perspective by Sudershan Rao Sarde.

Demand and Supply

• Assistant (9)
• BabySitter & Nanny (457)
• Care Giver (687)
• Cleaner (1126)
• Cook (10)
• Housekeeping (572)
Source: www.oodle.com

Migrant Household Helps

The number of inter state migration is 41,166,265 persons as per the census figures of 2001. There are 20
million domestic workers mostly migrants from rural India like the tribal belts of Bihar, Orissa, Chattisgarh,
Jharkhand, Assam, and Mizoram for Mumbai, Delhi and other Metros.
Source: Report : New Initiatives in Organizing Strategy in the Informal Economy – Sujata Gothaskar.

Gender And Age Group

92% of the domestic workers are women, girls and children and 20% of these females are under 14 years of
age, as per census 2001.
Source: www.financialexpress.com
 PRIMARY RESEARCH
As we found out the inferences from the secondary data, our primary research is divided into two kinds,
confirmatory primary research and exploratory primary research.

The purpose or motive of working will form the part of our confirmatory research.

The following points will come under the exploratory primary research as we would like to know more in detail
regarding the house-help. Also this data is not available in our secondary research.

• Their spending habits.

• Their saving habits.
• Their children’s education level.
• Their preference in terms of
○ Nature of work
○ Relationship with the employer
○ Community of the employer
• Their literacy level.
• Distance between their workplace and home and how they travel.
• And any other problems faced by them.

TYPE OF PRIMARY RESEARCH AND SAMPLING

• The type of primary research used is Quantitative in nature.
• Convenience sampling: No sampling technique was employed in arriving at a sample size. Therefore
we followed convenience sampling.
• The respondents were not segregated as male/female and both their views were taken together
• Respondent sample size: 114
• Precondition: Screener
• Source of data:
○ The data is basically primary in nature
○ It is obtained from house-helps located in Mumbai
• Methods:
○ The questionnaire we prepared for the project is a close ended- structured questionnaire. The
close ended nature of the questionnaire ensures that we get the appropriate/ relevant answer from
the respondent.
○ Our method of conducting primary research was single stage personal interview.
 OBSERVATIONS ,FINDINGS AND KEY
INFERENCES

Spending Habits

Clothe
1
80
No
30

25
Gradua
8%
HSC
3%
Gadgets
3%
Employer n
satisfied
19%
Employer n
P
 32%
Domesti
 Individual Experiences

• Political parties issue ration cards and voter ids to the inter-country migrants so that during elections,
these migrants vote in favor of them.

• It is noted that they do not prefer to work in houses when the lady of the house is not present.

• Most of the women fear to mention whether they are a victim of domestic violence or not.

• They live in constant fear of local goons and do not want to mention about them.

• The cooks/Maharajas are aspiring to go back to their native and continue agriculture as although they
are highly paid but do not consider this job as dignified.

• Widows, who do not have a male child, have to live alone or with a distant relative and work for their
sustenance.
 RECOMMENDATIONS

• Develop a small scale or cottage industry in the rural areas for the migrants who come to Mumbai for
work. This way they will get the same pay in their hometown and may not shift to Mumbai.

• Major issues faced by housemaids are housing and civic problems. So a housing complex can be build
or an accommodation can be provided at a reasonable rate where they can get their basic civic facilities.
This way approaching house-helps will be easier. Also we should keep in mind that the expansion of
slums where maids reside should be controlled.

• As a major chunk of maids save around Rs 500 to Rs 1000 a month, certain private sector bank or
nationalized bank or a micro-finance organization can tap this opportunity and even maids can hence
benefit financially.

• More labour laws pertaining to house-helps should be enforced so that the rights of house-helps are
protected and exploitation can be minimized.

• As many house-helps are addicted the harmful substances like drugs, tobacco etc, so an awareness
campaign should be organized.

• Some political parties provided voting cards and ration cards for inter-country migrant workers so that in
turn they vote for them during elections. Such unhealthy practices should be abolished and an equal law
should be maintained for all.
New Questions Added After Recommendations

do
 ANNEXURE
QUESTIONNAIRE
Form No: ___________

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
STUDYING THE LIFESTYLE OF HOUSEHOLDS
HELPS

Name of Interviewer:_______________________
Interview Date: __________________________
Interview Time:___________________________
Interview Location:________________________
Interviewer’s Signature:_____________________
Comments, if any:_________________________
_______________________________________
 SCREENER QUESTIONNAIRE:
1) आप कया काम करते हो?

खाना बनाना

सफाई

बचचो की देख रेख

नसर

अनय

2) कया तुम एक पवासी हो?

हा, - भारतीय िटयर 2 शहर

हा, - भारतीय गामीण केत

हा, िवदेशी

नही
 MAIN QUESTIONNAIRE
1) आप सुबह िकतने बजे उठते है ?

6-77-88-95 – 6

6–7

7–8

8–9

2) आप सुबह सबसे पहले कौन सा काम करते है ?

पानी भरना6-77-88-9

खाना बनाना

कपदे धोना

साफ़ सफ़ाई

अनय

3) हर रोज़ आप िकतने बजे काम शुर करते है ?

6–7

7–8

8–9

9 – 10
दोपहर

शाम

4) आप कौन से काम करते है?

खाना बनाना

बतरन धोना

कपदे धोना

साफ़ सफ़ाई

अनय
5) आपने कौन सी उम से काम शुर िकया?

5 – 15

16 – 20

20 – 30

30 अिधक

6) कया आप मुमबई से हो?

हा

नही

7) आपने काम कयो छोडा?

खेती मे असफ़लता

आथीक कठीनाई

अनय्

8) आपने कौन से काम से शुरवात की थी?

खाना बनाना

बतरन धोना

कपदे धोना

साफ़ सफ़ाई

अनय

9) सब से पहले घर कहा था ?

दकीन मुमबई

उतर मुमबई

नवी मुमबई
आप का गाव

कोई और शेहेर

10) आप वहा पहुनचने के िलये कौन सा साधन इसतीमाल करते थे?

ओटो

तकसी

बस

पैदल

11) आपने अपना पहला घर कयो छोडा ?

कम तंखवा

मलीक के साथ अनबन

बहुत जयादा काम

उतपीडन

अनय, सपशट बतये

12) िफर आपने कहा काम शुर िकया ?

दकीन मुमबई

उतर मुमबई

नवी मुमबई

आप का गाव

कोई और शेहेर

13) यह नया काम आपको कैसे िमला?

दूसरी बाई से

सहेली से

एक बयुरो से

घरके सदसयसे
14) वहँ आप कौनस काम करते थे?

खाना बनाना

बतरन धोना

कपदे धोना

साफ़ सफ़ाई

अनय

15) नयी तंखवा पहले से अछछी है?

हा

नही

16) आप िकतने समय से उस घर मे काम कर रहे है ?

6 महीने

6 - 12 महीने

1 - 3 साल

3 सालसे अधीक

17) आपको उस घर मे कौन सी तकलीफ़ हुई?

कम तंखवा

मलीक के साथ अनबन

बहुत जयादा काम

उतपीडन

अनय, सपशट बतये

18) अगर आपके साथ कोई बूरी तरह से पेश आये तो आप कया करते हो?

कुछ नही...कया िकय जा सकत है

घर बदल देते है
पूलीस मे कोमपलैँट िलखाते है

अनय्

19) कया आपको पता है की सरकार ने आपको युिनयन बनाने का हक िदया है?

हा

नही

20) कया आप उसका इिसतमाल करना चाहोगे?

हा

नही

21) िफ़लहाल आप कौन सा काम कर रहे हो?

खाना बनाना

बतरन धोना

कपदे धोना

साफ़ सफ़ाई

अनय

22) आप अब काम पे कैसे पहुनचते हो?

ओटो

तकसी

बस

पैदल

23) अभी आप कहा रहते हो?

कामवाले घर मे

कामवाले घरके सवरटस रम मे

चाल मे

झूगगी मे
24) आपको घर के पास कौन सी समसया होती है?

पानी की कमतरता

िबजली की कमतरता

गूंडे

सफ़ाई का ना होना

अनय

25) कया आपको पता है की इस् बारे मे कौन से अिधकािरयो को समपकर करना चािहए?

हा

नही

26) आप िकतना पढे हो ?

6-77-88 पाथिमक िशका

माधयिमक िशका

बारहवी
सनातक

नही

27) कया आपको लगता है की आपके िशकण का या अिशिकत होने से कोई फरक पडता है ?

हा 6-77-88-

नही

28) अगर आपको रात सकूल की सुिवधा उपलबध की जाये , कया आप लेगे?

हा 6-77-88-

नही

29) आप को कोई बुरी आदत है ?

6-77-88-9 तमबाकू
धुआं

पान

पीना

और कोई

30) कया आप शादी शुदा है ?

हा 6-77-88-9

नही

31) आप के पित / पती िकतना पढे है ?

6-77-88 पाथिमक िशका

माधयिमक िशका

बारहवी
सनातक

नही

32) आप के पित / पती कया करते है ?

6-77-88-9 नौकरी

िबज़नस

और कोई

33) आपके िकतने बचचे है ?

6-77-88-90

1-3

3-5

>5

34) कया आपके बचचे पढते है ?

नही 6-77-88-9

पाइवेट सकूल
सरकारी सकूल

रात का सकूल

35) बचचे कहा तक पढे है ?

6-77-88 पाथिमक िशका

माधयिमक िशका

बारहवी
सनातक

नही

36) कया बचचो के साकरता या अनाकता से आपको फरक पडता है ?

हा 6-77-88-9

नही

37) आपके पिरवार मे िकतने लोग है ?

6-77-88-9 अकेले रहते है

2-3

4-5

6-7

7+

38) आप के घर से िकतने लोग काम करने जाते है ?

2-3

3-5

की सब

39) कया उनको आपके काम से शिमरदं गी महसूस होती है ?

हा 6-77-88-9

नही
40) घर के मािसक खचे मै सबसे जयादा कौन पैसा देता है ?

6-77-88-9 आपका

पित / पती का

बचचो

41) आपकी िकतनी कमाई होती है ?

6-77-88-92000-4000

4000-6000

6000-8000

8000-10000

10000+

42) आपको पैसे के अलावा घर के मािलक / मालिकन से और कया कया िमलता है ?

6-77-88-9 खाना

कपडा

मोबाइल

बचचो की पढाई का खचर

दवा दार

आने जाने का खचा

और कोई

43) आपके मूलय खचर कहा होते है ? िकतना पैसा रपया लगता ?

6-77-88-9 खाना

दवा दार

कपडे

गहने

पढाई

और कोई
44) कया आप के पास समपित है ?

6-77-88-9 गाव मे ज़मीन

मुंबई मे ज़मीन

गाव मे घर

मुंबई मे घर

45) अगर आप वहा नही रह रहे होते , तोह वोह पोपटी िकस चीज़ के िलए इसतेमाल होती है ?

6-77-88-9 हा , तोह आप वहा रहते हो

पित / पती / बचचे के काम के िलए

रेट पे िदया है

नही

46) पोपटी के अलावा आपके पास कौन सी संपित है ?

6-77-88-9 टीवी

रेिफगेराटर

मोबाइल

मोटर वेिहकले

कंपयूटर

कूलर

47) इन खचो के बाद आपके पास िकतना पैसा बचता है ?

6-77-88-9 कुछ खास नही

<1000

1000-2000

2000-3000

3000-5000

5000 +

48) आप ये पैसे कयो बचा रहे है ?

6-77-88-9 घर मे शादी

पढाई

कुछ खरीदने के िलए

िकसी दुघरटना का सामना करने के िलए

गाव / अपने देश जाने के िलए

49) कहा बचाते हो ?

6-77-88-9 राषटीयकृत बैक

अनुसूिचत बैक

सहकारी बैक

लोकल बैक

िचत फु ंद

और कही

50) आप ने कोई कजा िलया है ? िकतना ?

6-77-88-9< 5000

5000-10000

>10000

51) कयो िलया है कजा ?

6-77-88-9 घर मे शादी

पढाई

कुछ खरीदने के िलए

िकसी दुघरटना का सामना करने के िलए

गाव / अपने देश जाने के िलए

52) कहा से कजा िलया था ?

6-77-88-9 राषटीयकृत बैक

अनुसूिचत बैक

सहकारी बैक

लोकल बैक

िचत फु ंद

और कही

53) एक इंिसटटयूट ससससससस सस ससस ससस सससस ससस सससस ससससससससस सस 11-12%
ससससससससस ससस सस सससस to सससस सस ससस सससस सससस सससस . सससस सस सससस
ससस सससससससस सससससस ?

6-77-88-9 हा

नही
 Bibliography

Web Sources

1.www.consumertipsreports.org/hiring_household_help_an_agency_or_an_ad.html
2. www.censusindia.gov.in
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_India
5. http://urbanhealthupdates.wordpress.com/2010/01/12/india-census-estimates-of-slum-
populations/
6. www.informaworld.com/index/903827870.pdf

Books
Census 2001—By Government Of India.