SCADA

SYSTEM
Name-akash
Cl
Class-Mca(4thsem)
M (4th )
S.no-06
Enrollment no-0101184408
1
Table of contents:-

„ Introduction
Purpose
„ Background
Scada overview

„ Scada architecture
First generation-monolithic
Second generation-distributed
g
Third generation-network
„ Scada software solution
Scada and local area network
Remote terminal unit
„ Scada hardware solution
Human machine interface(HMI)
„ Current status of technology
„ Future of technology
gy
„ Conclusion
„ References
I t d ti
Introduction
SCADA is an acronym that stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADA
refers to a system that collects data from various sensors at a factory, plant or in other
remote locations and then sends this data to a central computer which then manages and
controls the data
Purpose
The scada system generally refers to an industrial control system: a
computer system monitoring and controlling a process. The process can be

a) I d t i l processes
Industrial

b) Infrastructure processes

b) Facility processes
 B k
Background
d
„ SCADA systems have been used in the Utilities industry in the United
States (U.S.) since the 1960s. These systems are used to monitor critical
infrastructure systems and provide early warning of potential disaster
situations,
it ti (as
( ini case off water
t control
t l system
t it is
i used
d for
f where
h a lleak
k on
the pipeline has occurred)
„ SCADA systems have been around since the 1960s and have evolved as
technology changes
changes.
„ Today’s SCADA systems are able to take advantage of the evolution from
mainframe-based to
„ Client/server architectures.
 SCADA O
Overview
i
SCADA systems consist of:

„ One or more field data interface

devices, usually RTUs, or PLCs.

„ A communications system.
y

„ A central host computer server or

servers.

„ A collection of standard and/or custom

software [sometimes called Human
Machine Interface (HMI) software.
 Scada Architecture
SCADA systems have evolved in parallel with the growth and
sophistication of modern computing technology .Three generations of
SCADA systems:
„ First Generation – Monolithic
… The concept of computing in general centered on “mainframe” systems.
… SCADA systems were standalone systems with virtually no connectivity to other
systems. Wide Area Networks (WANs) that were implemented

„ Second Generation – Distributed

… Local Area Networking g ((LAN)) technology
gy used to distribute the p
processing
g
across multiple systems
Multiple stations, each with a specific function, were connected to a LAN and
shared information with each other in real-time

„ Third Generation – Networked

… open system architecture was used
… Second generation archtechture is used but instead of LAN, WAN is used
First Generation – Monolithic

8
Distributed
Di t ib t d C
Control
t l

Network Protocol
PLC’s
PLC’

Field Bus

Field Bus-Integrator
g

9
Third generation: networked
S d software
Scada ft solution
l ti
„ Local area networks (LAN) are all about sharing information and resources.
To enable all the nodes on the SCADA network to share information, they
must be connected by some transmission medium. The method of
connection is known as the network topology.

„ Nodes need to share this transmission medium in such a way as to allow all
nodes access to the medium without disrupting an established sender.

„ A LAN is a communications path between computers, file-servers,

terminals, workstations and various other intelligent peripheral equipment,
which are generally referred to as devices or hosts. A LAN allows access to
devices to be shared by several users, with full connectivity between all
stations
t ti on the
th network.
t k A LAN iis usually
ll owned d and
d administered
d i i t db by a
private owner and is located within a localized group of buildings.

„ Ethernet is the most widely used LAN today

Ethernet used to transfer data on a SCADA system
 Remote terminal units
„ An RTU (sometimes referred to as a remote telemetry unit or remote
terminal unit) is a stand-alone data acquisition and control unit, generally
microprocessor based, that monitors and controls equipment at a remote
location Its primary task is to control and acquire data from process
location.
equipment at the remote location and to transfer this data back to a central
station. It generally also has the facility for having its configuration and
control programs dynamically downloaded from some central station.
Although, traditionally, the RTU communicates back to some central station,
it is also possible to communicate on a peer-to-peer basis with other RTUs.
The RTU can also act as a relay station (sometimes referred to as a store
and forward station) to another RTU that may not be accessible from the
central station
S d H
Scada Hardware
d S
Solution
l ti
„ Human Machine Interface
„ A Human-Machine Interface or HMI is the apparatus which
presents process data to a human operator, and through which the
human operator controls the process
process.
„ An HMI is usually linked to the SCADA system's databases and
software programs, to provide diagnostic data, and management
information such as scheduled maintenance procedures, logistic
information detailed schematics for a particular sensor or machine
information, machine,
and expert-system troubleshooting guides.
„ The HMI system usually presents the information to the operating
personnel graphically, in the form of a mimic diagram. This means
that the operator can see a schematic representation of the plant
being controlled.
„ An important part of most SCADA implementations are alarms. An
g
alarm is a digital status p
point that has either the value NORMAL or
ALARM. Alarms can be created in such a way that when their
requirements are met, they are activated.
A typical
yp HMI circuit in a relay
y circuit

REF 542+ RELAY

C
Current
t status
t t off technology
t h l
„ Currently scada system used in many organisations as
„ It is used in power plants to check and control the grids
applications.
„ It is used in water plants to check any kind of leakage in the
pipeline system
„ It is used in the defence siren system
„ Scada is used in oil companies and gas companies.
F t
Future off technology
t h l
„ Due to many of its advantages scada system are growing in each place day by
day:
„ User friendliness will become an even more important parameter in the future.
y
As all SCADA systems have the basic functions for handling
g alarms,, graphs,
g p ,
and reports in place, end users will make their choice of SCADA system on the
basis of other facts and features.

Process knowledge g is the keyword

y for creating
g valuable data. Manyy system
y
integrators possess the knowledge, but now they must also make the valuable
data available for the users in a simple and process oriented way. For
instance, one supplier showed a graph that also held the alarms that occurred
during the graph period. This calls for new methods of composing process
pictures,
i thus
h also
l crossingi the
h traditional
di i l boundaries
b d i between
b alarms,
l graphs
h
and reports.
CONCLUSION
„ Today’s SCADA systems are able to take advantage of the evolution from
mainframe based to client/server architectures. These systems use
common communications protocols like Ethernet and TCP/IP to transmit
data from the field to the central master control unit
unit.

„ SCADA systems are widely used to monitor and control U.S. critical
infrastructure utilities such as Electrical Power Plants and Water Distribution
C t
Centers.

„ SCADA systems, like other computer systems, are subject to many

common security attacks such as viruses, denial of service, and hijacking of
the system Because SCADA systems use leased telephone lines, twisted
pair cable, microwave radio, and spread spectrum techniques, they have
many of the same security vulnerabilities
REFERENCES
„ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA

„ Universityy of Dallas Graduate School of Management

g MGT 8390-1QA
(Summer 2003)

„ Information Technology Capstone (Management Policy and Practice)

„ 3.www.comtechnologies.com