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Binani Zinc Ltd., a subsidiary of Binani Industries Limited, commenced operations in 1967,
with a capacity of 14,000 TPA. The Company happens to be the first in India to have a custom zinc
smelter for manufacture of electrolytic zinc. Over time, in the incessant pursuit for excellence, the
company has constantly upgraded its production facilities and the plant today boasts of the best-in-class
technology in zinc manufacturing.
Binani Zinc Ltd. has been certified under various International standards viz. ISO 14001:2004,
ISO 9001: 2008, OHSAS 18001:2007 & SA 8000:2008. It is therefore uniquely placed to consistently
achieve manufacturing excellence.
Binani Zinc is the pioneer in manufacturing special high-grade electrolytic zinc of 99.99 /
99.995% purity. The consistent finished product quality has made the company the preferred choice for
customers across all industry segments. From galvanizers to dry cell manufacturers, alloy producers,
specialty chemicals and paint manufacturers, Binani Zinc has been the preferred choice. A focus on
acquiring and mastering all the processes from inception to delivering the finished product to customers
has helped Binani Zinc achieve its present status.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Financial management is a managerial activity which is concerned with the planning and
controlling of the firm’s financial resources. The objective of finance management is wealth
maximization by increasing the value of the firm.
Finance functions are concerned with the functions of raising funds, investing them in assets and
distributing returns earned from assets to shareholders . While performing these functions, a firm
attempts to balance cash inflows and outflows. This is called as liquidity decision. Finance functions
include:
• Investment Decision
• Financing Decision
Financing decision is the second important decision to be performed by the finance manager.
Finance manager must decide when, where and how to acquire funds to meet the firm’s
investment needs. The central issue is the decision regarding the proportion of equity and debt
known as firm’s capital structure. The financing decision must result in best financing mix or
the optimum capital structure for the firm.
• Dividend Decisions
Dividend decision is concerned with decision regarding whether the firm should distribute all
profits, or retain them, or distribute a portion and retain the balance. The optimum dividend
policy is the one that maximizes the market value of the firm’s shares.
• Liquidity Decision
Current assets management that affects a firm’s liquidity is another important finance function.
Current assets should be managed properly for safeguarding the firm against the dangers of
illiquidity and insolvency. Investment in current assets affects the firm’s profitability, liquidity
and risk. There must be a proper trade off between profitability and liquidity. The finance
manager should estimate firm’s needs for current assets and make sure that funds would be
made available when needed.
INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Economic decision making, estimating the earning capacity of the firm, accessing financial
position and performance of the business, ascertaining the operating performance, determining the
solvency and liquidity of the business, determining debt capacity, deciding the future prospects of firm,
measuring managerial efficiency of the firm etc. are the important objectives of financial analysis.
Financial analysis includes re-arrangement of financial statements, comparison, analysis and
interpretation.
There are a number of tools available for financial analysis, of which ratio analysis was the first
financial tool developed to analyze and interpret the financial statements. The methods adopted for
financial analysis include;
3. Ratio Analysis
a. Liquidity ratio
b. Leverage Ratio
c. Activity Ratio
d. Profitability Ratio
5. Cost Ratios
EXPENDITURE
R a w M a t e r i a l s an d G o o d s
Con s u m p t i o n 23,645.67 15,511.23 34,695.18 43,583.63 11,251.07
Ot h e r M a n u f a c t u r i n g
Ex p e n s e s 8,74 7. 7 5 7,815.33 7,878.48 7,230.88 3,606.74
Pa y m e n t s to an d Pr o v i s i o n for
Employe es 1,52 8. 6 0 1,349.34 1,297.89 1,209.04 1,196.35
Ad m i n i s t r a t i o n Ex p e n s e s 3,094. 1 5 2,517.21 1,701.16 1,653.25 796.85
Int e r e s t an d Fi n a n c e C h a r g e s 786.3 9 896 1,277.27 1,711.17 492.98
Depr e ci ati o n 1,22 0. 7 7 735.41 694.36 664.75 643.53
Total 39,023.33 28,824.52 47,544.34 56,052.72 17,987.52
The investment in current assets should be just adequate, not more not less, to the needs of the
business. Excessive investment in current assets should be avoided, because it impairs the firm’s
profitability, as idle investment earns nothing. On the other hand, inadequate amount of working capital
can threaten solvency of the firm because of its inability to meet its current obligations. So the working
capital needs of the firm may be fluctuating with changing business activity. A company should always
maintain currents assets at a higher level than current liabilities, which will maintain the strong liquidity
position of the firm. So financing of current assets should include a healthy mix of long term and short
term funds.
Financial Ratios can be classified into various classes according to financial activity or function
to be evaluated;
1) Liquidity ratios
2) Leverage ratios
3) Activity ratios
4) Profitability Ratios
LIQUIDITY RATIOS
The term liquidity refers to firm’s ability to meet its current liabilities when they become due.
Liquidity ratios are used to measure the liquidity position or short-term financial position of the firm.
The most common ratios which indicate the extend of liquidity or lack of it are;
1) Current ratio : It is also called working capital ratio. It is defined as the ratio of current assets to
current liabilities. Current ratio is the measure of firm’s short term solvency. It indicates the
availability of current assets in rupees for every one rupee of current liability.
2) Quick Ratio: It is also called acid test ratio. Quick ratio establishes a relationship between quick
or liquid assets and current liabilities.
The value of quick ratios is low in every 5 years, which indicates that Company may really be
prospering and paying its current obligations in time if it has been turning over its inventories. These
two liquidity ratios indicate that the firm has satisfactory liquid position.
LEVERAGE RATIO
It is also called as solvency ratio. Solvency refers to the ability of a firm to pay its outside liabilities.
These ratios are used to analyse capital structure of the firm. These ratios indicate mix of funds
provided by owners and lenders. The leverage ratios are calculated to measure the financial risk and
firms’ ability to using debt to share holders’ advantage. Leverage ratios include;
1) Debt-Equity Ratio: This ratio indicates the relative proportion of debt and equity in financing
the assets of the firm. This ratio is also called security ratio.
2) Interest Coverage Ratio: Interest coverage ratio is used to test the firm’s debt-servicing capacity.
1) Debtors Turnover Ratio : Debtors Turn Over ratio explains the relationship between net credit
sales and average debtors. This ratio shows how quickly debts are realized or converted into
cash. It indicates how effectively the firm collects cash from the debtors.
2) Inventory Turn Over Ratio: It shows the relationship between cost of goods sold and average
inventory. It indicates the number of times the stock is converted into sales.
3) Working Capital Turnover Ratio: The ratio between sales and working capital is called working
capital turnover ratio. This ratio shows how many times the working capital is turned over to
produce sales.
4) Fixed and Current Assets Turnover Ratio: These ratios indicates the efficiency of the firm in
utilizing fixed assets and current assets to generate sales. A higher ratio indicates better
utilization.
Profitability ratios are calculated to measure the operating efficiency of the company. The
profitability ratios are indicators of the sales and the profit of the firm. Profitability ratios include;
1) Net Profit Ratio: Net profit ratio measures the relationship between the net profits and sales of a
business firm. It is also known as profit margin.
2) Return on Investment: It determines the rate of return on the invested capital. It is used to
compare investment in the company against other investment oppurtunities such as stock,
savings etc.
1) Cost of goods sold ratio = ( Cost of goods sold / Net sales )* 100
2) Direct Material Cost ratio = (Direct Material Cost / Net sales)*100
3) Direct Labour Cost ratio = (Direct Labour Cost / Net Sales)*100
4) Factory Expenses ratio = ( Factory Expenses / Net Sales) * 100
5) Office and Administrative Expenses Ratio = (Office and Administrative Expenses / Net
Sales) * 100
Profit is the important measure of a firm’s performance. An analysis of the effects of various
factors on profit is an essential step in financial planning and decision making.
The analytical technique used to study the behavior of profit in response to the changes in
volume, costs, and prices is called the cost-volume profit analysis or break-even analysis. CVP analysis
helps to determine the minimum sales volume at which the profit goal of the firm will be achieved. It
helps management in seeking most profitable combination of costs and volume.
Break-even analysis establishes a relationship between revenues and costs with respect to
volume. It indicates the level of sale at which costs and revenues are in equilibrium. The equilibrium
point is called break-even point. Break-even point is that point at which total revenue is equal to total
cost. It is no-profit, no-gain point. The basic assumption of break-even analysis is that costs can be
separated as fixed cost and variable cost. There are two methods for computing the break-even point;
1. Algebraic Method :- The aggregate of fixed cost and variable cost are equated to the sales to
determine break-even point.
2. Graphical Method :- This method constructs a break-even chart, which portrays a pictorial
view of the relationships between costs, volume and profit.
FORMULAS USED:
The evaluation of investment decision include estimation of cash flows, estimation of the
required rate of return and application of a decision rule for making the choice. A number of capital
budgeting techniques are used in practice. Capital budgeting techniques used here include;
2) Profitability Index