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Chapter 2, Problem 7.
Determine the number of branches and nodes in the circuit in Fig. 2.71.
Figure 2.71
Chapter 2, Solution 7
30 V
1 20 Ω 2 3
+++-
+ -
2A 30 Ω 60 Ω 40 Ω 10 Ω
Chapter 2, Problem 8.
Use KCL to obtain currents i1, i2, and i3 in the circuit shown in Fig. 2.72.
Figure 2.72
Chapter 2, Solution 8
At node a, 8 = 12 + i1 i1 = - 4A
At node c, 9 = 8 + i2 i2 = 1A
At node d, 9 = 12 + i3 i3 = -3A
Chapter 2, Problem 9.
Figure 2.73
Chapter 2, Solution 9
Applying KCL,
i1 + 1 = 10 + 2 i1 = 11A
1 + i2 = 2 + 3 i2 = 4A
i2 = i3 + 3 i3 = 1A
Figure 2.75
Chapter 2, Solution 11
-8 + v1 + 12 = 0 v1 = 4v
-12 - v2 + 6 = 0 v2 = -6v
10 - 6 - v3 = 0 v3 = 4v
-v4 + 8 - 10 = 0 v4 = -2v
For the circuit in Fig. 2.77, use KCL to find the branch currents I1 to I4.
2A
I2 7A I4
I1 3A I3 4A
Figure 2.77
Chapter 2, Solution 13
2A
I2 7A I4
1 2 3 4
4A
I1
3A I3
At node 2,
3 + 7 + I2 = 0
→ I 2 = −10 A
At node 1,
I1 + I 2 = 2
→ I 1 = 2 − I 2 = 12 A
At node 4,
2 = I4 + 4
→ I 4 = 2 − 4 = −2 A
At node 3,
7 + I4 = I3
→ I3 = 7 − 2 = 5 A
Hence,
I 1 = 12 A, I 2 = −10 A, I 3 = 5 A, I 4 = −2 A
+ +
12 V v2
– –
+ 8V +
–
v1
–
+ –
v3
– + 10 V
Figure 2.79
Chapter 2, Solution 15
+ +
+ 12V 1 v2
- - 8V + -
v1
- 3 + 2 -
v3 10V
(a) +
For loop 1,
8 − 12 + v2 = 0
→ v2 = 4V
For loop 2,
−v3 − 8 − 10 = 0
→ v3 = −18V
For loop 3,
−v1 + 12 + v3 = 0
→ v1 = −6V
Thus,
v1 = −6V , v2 = 4V , v3 = −18V
Figure 2.81
Chapter 2, Solution 17
12V
v2 + v3 + 12 = 0 v2 = -22V
-24 + v1 - v2 = 0 v1 = 2V
Thus,
Figure 2.84
Chapter 2, Solution 20
Calculate the power dissipated in the 5-Ω resistor in the circuit of Fig. 2.85.
Figure 2.85
Chapter 2, Solution 21
But v0 = 10i,
-
-45 + 15i - 30i = 0 i = -3A
P3 = i2R = 9 x 5 = 45W
Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. 2.86 and the power dissipated by the controlled source.
Figure 2.86
Chapter 2, Solution 22
4Ω
v0
+ 10 + 2 v 0 = 0 v0 = –4.444V
4
i = 2V0 = -8.888A
v0
v = (6 + 4) i0 = 10 = −11.111
4
Hence,
p2 vi = (-8.888)(-11.111) = 98.75 W
In the circuit shown in Fig. 2.87, determine vx and the power absorbed by the 12-
Ω resistor.
1Ω 1.2 Ω
+v –
x
4Ω
6A 2Ω 8Ω 12 Ω
3Ω 6Ω
Figure 2.87
Chapter 2, Solution 23
ix 1Ω
+ vx -
6A 2Ω 3Ω
2
ix = (6 A) = 2 A, v x = 1i x = 2V
2 + 1+ 3
The current through the 1.2- Ω resistor is 0.5ix = 1A. The voltage across the 12- Ω
resistor is 1 x 4.8 = 4.8 V. Hence the power is
v 2 4.8 2
p= = = 1.92W
R 12
Figure 2.92.
Chapter 2, Solution 28
15 10 = 6 Ω
14
v1 = (40) = 20 V
14 + 6
6
v2 = v3 = (40) = 12 V
14 + 6
Hence, v1 = 28 V, v2 = 12 V, vs = 12 V
In the circuit in Fig. 2.95, find v, i, and the power absorbed by the 4-Ω resistor.
Figure 2.95
Chapter 2, Solution 31
5
v= (20V ) = 10 V
5+5
by ohm's law,
v 10
i= = = 1A
4 + 6 4+ 6
pp = i2R = (1)2(4) = 4 W
Determine i1, i2, v1, and v2 in the ladder network in Fig. 2.98. Calculate the power
dissipated in the 2-Ω resistor.
Figure 2.98
Chapter 2, Solution 34
By parallel and series combinations, the circuit is reduced to the one below:
8Ω
10 x15
10 ( 2 + 13 ) = = 6Ω
25
15 x15
15 (4 + 6) = = 6Ω
25 - 6Ω
12 (6 + 6) = 6Ω
28
Thus i1 = = 2 A and v1 = 6i1 = 12 V
8+6
1A
1A
+ +
12V 6V
- -
i1 = 2A 8Ω 6Ω 1A 4Ω 0.6A
1A
+ + +
28V + 6V 3.6V
- 12V 12 Ω 15 Ω 6Ω
- -
-
13 v
Thus, v2 = (3 ⋅ 6) = 3 ⋅ 12, i2 = 2 = 0.24
15 13
Figure 2.99
Chapter 2, Solution 35
+
V1
- I0
50V - +
20 Ω V0 5 Ω
i2 -
70 x 30 20 x 5
70 30 = = 21Ω , 20 15 = =4 Ω
100 25
50
i= =2 A
21 + 4
vi = 21i = 42 V, v0 = 4i = 8 V
v v
i1 = 1 = 0.6 A, i2 = 2 = 0.4 A
70 20
Figure 2.101
Chapter 2, Solution 37
Let I = current through the 16Ω resistor. If 4 V is the voltage drop across the 6 R
combination, then 20 - 4 = 16 V in the voltage drop across the 16Ω resistor.
16
Hence, I = = 1 A.
16
20 6R
But I = =1 4= 6R= R = 12 Ω
16 + 6 R 6+R
Find the equivalent resistance at terminals a-b for each of the networks in Fig. 2.103.
Figure 2.103
Chapter 2, Solution 39
(a) Req = R 0 = 0
R R
Req = R R + R R = + = R
2 2
Req = (R + R ) (R + R ) = 2R 2R = R
1
Req = 3R (R + R R ) = 3R (R + R )
2
3
3Rx R
= 2 =R
3
3R + R
2
R ⋅ 2R
Req = R 2R 3R = 3R
3R
2
3Rx R
2 3 = 6R
= 3R R=
3 2 11
3R + R
3
Figure 2.105
Chapter 2, Solution 41
1 1 1 1
= + + Ro = 4
R o 12 12 12
R eq = 30 + 60 (10 + R 0 + R ) = 30 + 60 (14 + R )
60(14 + R )
50 = 30 + 74 + R = 42 + 3R
74 + R
or R = 16 Ω
Calculate the equivalent resistance Rab at terminals a-b for each of the circuits in
Fig. 2.107.
Figure 2.107
Chapter 2, Solution 43
5x 20 400
(a) Rab = 5 20 + 10 40 = + = 4 + 8 = 12 Ω
25 50
−1
1 1 1 60
60 20 30 = + + = = 10Ω
60 20 30 6
80 + 20
Rab = 80 (10 + 10) = = 16 Ω
100
Find the equivalent resistance at terminals a-b of each circuit in Fig. 2.109.
10 Ω
40 Ω
20 Ω
30 Ω 5Ω
50 Ω
b
(a)
30 Ω
12 Ω
5Ω 20 Ω
25 Ω 60 Ω
15 Ω 10 Ω
(b)
Figure 2.109
Chapter 2, Solution 45
(c) 12 and 60 ohm resistors are in parallel. Hence, 12//60 = 10 ohm. This 10 ohm
and 20 ohm are in series to give 30 ohm. This is in parallel with 30 ohm to give
30//30 = 15 ohm. And 25//(15+10) = 12.5. Thus
Rab = 5 + 12.8 + 15 = 32.5Ω
Find Req at terminals a-b for each of the circuits in Fig. 2.110.
Figure 2.110
Chapter 2, Solution 46
30 x 70 60 + 20
Rab = 30 70 + 40 + 60 20 = + 40 +
100 80
= 21 + 40 + 15 = 76 Ω
20 x 30
20 30 = = 12Ω
50
40 x 60
40 60 = = 24
100
Rab = 8 + 12 + 24 + 6 + 0 + 4 = 54 Ω
Figure 2.120
Chapter 2, Solution 56
We need to find Req and apply voltage division. We first tranform the Y network to ∆ .
30 Ω 30 Ω
16 Ω 10 Ω 16 Ω 37.5 Ω
a b
+ + 30 Ω 20 Ω
100 V 100 V 35 Ω
45 Ω
- -
c
Req
30||20 = (600/50) = 12 Ω,
By voltage division,
11.672
v = 100 = 42.18 V
11.672 + 16
The lightbulb in Fig. 2.122 is rated 120 V, 0.75 A. Calculate Vs to make the lightbulb
operate at the rated conditions.
Figure 2.122
Chapter 2, Solution 58
40 Ω 2.25 A 1.5 A
+ 90 V - 0.75 A +
+ 160 Ω 120 V 80 Ω
VS - -
Once the 160Ω and 80Ω resistors are in parallel, they have the same voltage 120V.
Hence the current through the 40Ω resistor is
Thus
vs = 90 + 120 = 210 V
Figure 2.128
Chapter 2, Solution 68
(a) 40 = 24 60Ω
4
i= = 0.1 A
16 + 24
4
i' = = 0.09756 A
16 + 1 + 24
0.1 − 0.09756
% error = x100% = 2.44%
0 .1
A voltmeter is used to measure Vo in the circuit in Fig. 2.129. The voltmeter model
consists of an ideal voltmeter in parallel with a 100-kΩ resistor. Let Vs = 40 V, Rs = 10
kΩ, and R1 = 20 kΩ. Calculate Vo with and without the voltmeter when
(a) R2 = 1 kΩ (b) R2 = 10 kΩ
(c) R2 = 100 kΩ
Figure 2.129
Chapter 2, Solution 69
100
When R2 = 1 kΩ, R m R 2 = kΩ
101
100
V0 = 101 (40) = 1.278 V (with)
100
101 + 30
1
V0 = (40) = 1.29 V (without)
1 + 30
1000
When R2 = 10 kΩ, R 2 R m = = 9.091kΩ
110
9.091
V0 = (40) = 9.30 V (with)
9.091 + 30
10
V0 = (40) = 10 V (without)
10 + 30
When R2 = 100 kΩ, R 2 R m = 50kΩ
50
V0 = (40) = 25 V (with)
50 + 30
100
V0 = (40) = 30.77 V (without)
100 + 30