LNG Plant / QGX Model

Prepared By : Eng. Eyad Hirzallah

What is LNG ??

• LNG: Liquefied Natural Gas

• The main item in LNG is Methane
• Methane CH4
• Symbol C1
• Physical Phase Liquid
• Temperature -162 Cº
• Pressure 1.06 Bar
 What is the function of LNG plant?

Raw Material LNG Plant LNG

Major Product

Minor Products Wastes

1-Condensate 1- Treated waste water
2- Propane C3H8 (C3) 2- Acid gas
3- Butane C4H10 (C4) 3- CO2
4- Sulfur 4- Heat
5- Helium (optional)
6-Others

LNG Plant – QGX Model – Train 4

Raw Material LNG
(3 physical phases) QGX (1 physical phase)
Total Flow : 1668 Ton / h Total Flow: 963 Ton / h
Temperature: 28 Cº Temperature: -162 Cº
Pressure: 80 bar Train 4 Pressure: 1.1 bar
Physical phase: liquid
1-C1 93.30%
Vapor Liquid 2-C2 5.95%
(Flow :1419 Ton /h) ( Flow :254 Ton /h) 3-N2 0.75%
1- C1 81.29 % 1- C1 27.17 %
2- C2 4.65% 2- C2 5.42%
3- C3 1.70% 3- C3 4.94%
4-iC4 0.33% 4-iC4 1.85%
5-nC4 0.52% 5-nC4 3.78%
6-iC5 0.17% 6-iC5 2.41%
7-nC5 0.15% 7-nC5 2.57%
8-C6+ 0.24% 8-C6+ 41.90%
9-H2O 0.07% 9-H2O 0.06%
10-H2S 1.94% 10-H2S 3.23%
11-CO2 3.64% 11-CO2 2.66% Water
12-He 0.05% 12-He 0.01% (Flow :13 Ton /h)
13-N2 5.20% 13-N2 0.72%
1-H2O 99.78%
14- S. C. 0.03% 14-S.C. 0.59%
2-H2S 0.13%
15- Aro. 0.02% 15- Aro. 2.69%
3-CO2 0.09%
Notes
C6+:
n-Hexane, n-Heptane, n-Octane, n-Nonane, n-Decan, n-C11, n-C12,
m-Cyclopentane, Cyclohexane and m-Cyclohexane

Aro. :Aromatics:
Benzene, Toluene and O-Xylene

S.C. :Sulfur Compound:

COS, m-Mercaptan, , e-Mercaptan, , p-Mercaptan , b-Mercaptan,
Pentanethiol, Thiophene and C9+ Mercaptan.

The percentage of materials are in Mol.

LNG Plant – QGX Model – Train 4

The Steps Needed To Get LNG Out from the Raw Material

Raw Material

Common Area Water & Liquid

Process Area/Unit 2 Acid Gas Removal Acid Gas & CO2

Water Vapor & S.C

Process Area/Unit 3 Dehydration
Aro. & Heavy Metals
Hydrocarbons
Process Area/Unit 4 NGL Recovery
Heavier than Ethane

Process Area/Unit 5 Gas Chilling & Liquidation

Process Area/Unit 8 N2 Rejection & He Recovery N2 & He

Off Plot Area/Unit 71 LNG Storage & Loading

Common Area
A) Slug Catcher Area: Segregating the three physical phases apart (Vapor, Liquid and Water).
B) Inlet Facilities Area: Clearing out any droops of liquid or water from vapor.
C) Inlet Facilities Area: Extracting from liquid all its content of Methane and add it to the main stream of
vapor.

Process Area ( Unit 2 –Acid Gas Removal)

A) Taking out H2S and Co2 from the mean stream of vapor.

Process Area (Unit 3 –Dehydration / Mercury Removal)

A) Taking out water vapor (H2O), Sulfur Compound and Aromatics from the main stream of vapor.

Process Area (Unit 4 – NGL Recovery)

A) Taking out the maximum quantity of all the hydrocarbon elements which are heavier
than Ethane – C3 and above - from the main stream of vapor.

Process Area (Unit 5 – Gas Chilling & Liquidation)

A) Liquefying the main stream of vapor into liquid.

Process Area (Unit 8 – N2 Rejection & HE Recovery)

A) Taking out the maximum quantity of Nitrogen (N2) and Helium (He) from the main stream of liquid.

Common Area

A) Slug Catcher Area: Segregating the three physical

phases apart (Vapor, Liquid and Water).

B) Inlet Facilities Area: Clearing out any droops of liquid or

water from vapor.

C) Inlet Facilities Area: Extracting from liquid all its content of

Methane and add it to the main stream of vapor.
 Common Area
Raw Material Sour Gas
(3 physical phases) Common (1 physical phase)
Total Flow : 1668 Ton / h Flow: 1464 Ton / h
Temperature: 28 Cº Temperature: 45 Cº
Pressure: 80 bar Pressure: 72 bar
Physical phase: Vapor

Vapor Liquid 1- C1 80.72 %

(Flow :1419 Ton /h) ( Flow :254 Ton /h) 2- C2 4.80%
1- C1 81.29 % 1- C1 27.17 % 3- C3 1.89%
2- C2 4.65% 2- C2 5.42% 4-iC4 0.40%
3- C3 1.70% 3- C3 4.94% 5-nC4 0.61%
4-iC4 0.33% 4-iC4 1.85% 6-iC5 0.18%
5-nC4 0.52% 5-nC4 3.78% 7-nC5 0.15%
6-iC5 0.17% 6-iC5 2.41% 8-C6+ 0.23%
7-nC5 0.15% 7-nC5 2.57% 9-H2O 0.07%
8-C6+ 0.24% 8-C6+ 41.90% 10-H2S 2.04%
9-H2O 0.07% 9-H2O 0.06% 11-CO2 3.68%
10-H2S 1.94% 10-H2S 3.23% 12-He 0.05%
11-CO2 3.64% 11-CO2 2.66% Water 13-N2 5.11%
12-He 0.05% 12-He 0.01% 14- S.C 0.03%
(Flow :13 Ton /h)
13-N2 5.20% 13-N2 0.72% 15- Aro. 0.02%
1-H2O 99.78%
14- S. C. 0.03% 14-S.C. 0.59%
2-H2S 0.13%
15- Aro. 0.02% 15- Aro. 2.69%
3-CO2 0.09%

Common Area
Vapor + Liquid Vapor + Drops of
+ Water Liquid & Water
Slug Catcher Inlet Separator
Raw Material
20-X3102 20-V3109A/B
Liquid

Water Liquid Vapor

Anti Hydrate Heater

Slug Catcher Condensate Filters 20 - E3106A/B
20-S3101A/B
Vapor
Liquid
Product Gas Ko Drum
Water Pre flash Drum 20-V3104
20-V3101
Vapor
Liquid
Feed Gas Condensate Exchanger
Condensate Stripper Feed 20-E3104A-D
Product Exchanger
20-E3107A/B Vapor

Liquid Feed Gas Super Heater

20-E3110A/B
Liquid Condensate Stripper
Vapor
20-C3101A/B

Vapor Feed Gas Metering Skid

20-Y3101
Off Gas Compressor
(2-Stage) Vapor
20-K3101A/B
Sour Gas
Vapor
 Common Area
Slug Catcher Area / Slug Catcher /20-X3102
A) Segregating the three physical phases apart (Vapor, Liquid and
Water)
Basic Principle
The basic principle used to segregate vapor from liquid from water is by using
the difference in density

The density of water is higher than liquid, and the density of liquid is higher
than the vapor.

The material with lower density will float above the material with higher
density.

In slug catcher the vapor will be separated from the liquid and water in the
first step, and in the second step liquid and water will be separated apart.

Slug Catcher
Area
 Vapor Outlet

Liquid & Water

Outlet Inlet of Raw
Material to
Slug Catcher

UG/ AG
Raw Material
Raw Material
Feed pipe to QGX Feed pipe

Inlet of Raw Material to

Slug Catcher

Liquid & Water

Outlet

Vapor Outlet

UG/ AG
Raw Material
Feed pipe
 Inlet of Raw Material to
Slug Catcher

Vapor Outlet

Liquid Outlet

Water Outlet

Common Area
Inlet Facilities Area /Inlet Separator / 20-V3109A/B
B) Clearing out any droops of liquid or water from vapor.

Basic Principle

The basic principle used to clear out any droops of liquid or water from vapor
is by reducing their dynamic energy, and therefore it will fall down by gravity
effect.

This can be done by forcing the droops to hit a solid barrier which is located
inside the separator, and during this process, the barrier absorbs all the
dynamic energy stored in the droops, and then the droops will fall down and
separated from the main stream of vapor.
Inlet Facilities
Area

Inlet Separator
20-V3109A/B
 Inlet Separator
20-V3109A/B

INLET FACILITY
South-West Corner

Outlet of Vapor

Inlet of Vapor +
drops of Liquid & Water

Manhole

Outlet of Liquid &

Water
 Common Area
Inlet Facilities Area /Condensate Stripper /20 – C 3101A/B
C) Extracting from liquid all its content of Methane and add it to
the main stream of vapor.

Basic Principle
The basic principle used to extract Methane from the Liquid is by increasing
the temperature of the liquid.

The solubility of any gas into liquid increases with the reduction of liquid
temperature, and decreases with the increase of the liquid temperature.

By increasing the liquid temperature, all the gases contained in liquid will be
forced to get out.

Condensate Stripper
20 – C3101A/B
Condensate Stripper
20 – C 3101A/B

INLET FACILITY
North-West Corner

Outlet of Vapor

Inlet of Liquid

Outlet of Liquid
 Process Area
Unit 2 Acid Gas Removal

A) Taking out H2S and CO2 and any traces of COS from
the main stream of vapor.

Unit 2 Acid Gas Removal

Sour Gas Sweet Gas
(1 physical phase)
Flow: 1464 Ton / h
Unit 2 (1 physical phase)
Flow: 1291 Ton / h
Temperature: 45 Cº Temperature: 50 Cº
Pressure: 72 bar Pressure: 67.2 bar
Physical phase: Vapor Physical phase: Vapor

1- C1 80.72 % 1- C1 85.69 %
2- C2 4.80% 2- C2 5.01%
3- C3 1.89% 3- C3 2.00%
4-iC4 0.40% 4-iC4 0.42%
5-nC4 0.64%
5-nC4
6-iC5
0.61%
0.18%
H2S 6-iC5 0.19%
7-nC5 0.15% & 7-nC5
8-C6+
0.16%
0.26%
8-C6+ 0.23%
9-H2O 0.07% CO2 9-H2O 0.17%
10-H2S 2.04% 10-H2S 0.0002%
11-CO2 3.68%
& 11-CO2 0.001%
12-He 0.05%
12-He 0.05% COS 13-N2 5.11%
13-N2 5.11%
14- S.C 0.03% 14- S.C 0.03%
15- Aro. 0.02% 15- Aro. 0.02%
 Process Area
Unit 2 Acid Gas Removal

A) Taking out H2S and Co2 and any traces of COS from the main
stream of vapor.

Basic Principle

The basic principle used to extract H2S and CO2 and any traces of COS
from the main stream of vapor is by exposing the main stream of vapor to a
special chemical solvent ( methyl-di-ethanol-amine) ( MDEA ), which has
very high solubility ratio towards H2S, CO2 and COS, and very low
solubility ratio towards all the other gases in the main Vapor.

In order to get H2S, CO2 and COS out of the solvent, the solvent is cycled
through a regeneration cycle, the Rich Solvent (full of H2S, CO2 & COS)
will enter the regeneration sector and come back as Lean Solvent ( Free
of H2S, CO2 & COS).

Process Area
Unit 2 – Acid Gas Removal
Sour Gas

Filter Separator
Any traces of water or liquid
24-S0201

Feed Gas Per Heater

24-E0204

Rich Solvent to Regeneration Cycle

AGR Absorber
24-C0201 Lean Solvent from Regeneration Cycle

AGR Absorber over head KO Drum

24-V0201

Sweet Gas
Process Area / South
T4 / Hot Section

AGR Absorber
24-C0201
 AGR Absorber
24-C0201

PROCESS AREA
South West Corner

Sweet Gas Outlet

Lean Solvent Inlet

Sour Gas Inlet

Rich Solvent Outlet

 Process Area
Unit 3 –Dehydration / Mercury Removal

A) Taking out water vapor (H2O), Sulfur Compound and

Aromatics out from the main stream of vapor.

Unit 3 –Dehydration / Mercury Removal

Sweet Gas Dry Gas
(1 physical phase)
Flow: 1291 Ton / h
Unit 3 (1 physical phase)
Flow: 1282 Ton / h
Temperature: 50 Cº Temperature: 25 Cº
Pressure: 67.2 bar Pressure: 64.5 bar
Physical phase: Vapor Physical phase: Vapor
1- C1 85.69 % 1- C1 85.85 %
2- C2 5.01% 2- C2 5.06%
3- C3 2.00% 3- C3 1.99%
4-iC4 0.42% 4-iC4 0.42%
5-nC4 0.64% 5-nC4 0.63%
6-iC5 0.19% H2O 6-iC5 0.19%
7-nC5
8-C6+
0.16%
0.26%
& 7-nC5
8-C6+
0.16%
0.21%
9-H2O 0.17% Sulfur 9-H2O 0.00%
10-He 0.05% 10-He 0.05%
11-N2 5.11% compound 11-N2 5.45%
12- S.C 0.03% 12- S.C 0.00%
13- Aro. 0.02%
& 13- Aro. 0.00%
Aromatics
 Process Area
Unit 3 –Dehydration / Mercury Removal

A) Taking out water vapor (H2O), Sulfur Compound and

Aromatics out from the main stream of vapor.

Basic Principle

The basic principle used to extract H2O, Sulfur compound, and Aromatics, is
by forcing the main stream of vapor to enter a vessel which is full of material
called Molecular Sieve (Aluminosilicate Crystalline Polymers), this material
is solid and it comes on the shape of granules, sand and pellets.

Molecular Sieve has high absorb rate for low concentration of H2O, Sulfur
compound, Aromatics, Mercury and some other materials.

The dehydration unit has an operational cycle of five steps, Adsorption,

Depressurizing, Heating, Cooling, Repressurizing, and then start new cycle
with Adsorption

However the two functional steps in this cycle are Adsorption and Heating.
In Adsorption step the main stream of vapor will enter through the Molecular
Sieve, all H2O, Sulfur compound, and Aromatics which are contained in
the stream will be absorbed by Molecular Sieve.
Molecular Sieve has a maximum capacity, it must be cleaned from the
absorbed material, and this is done in the Heating step.
In the Heating step the main stream of vapor will stop entering the vessel
which contains Molecular Sieve, and hot fuel gas will enter the vessel from
the opposite side of the main stream of vapor inlet.
The composition of fuel gas is 66% Methane C1 and 44% N2, the
temperature is 288 Cº and the pressure is 35.8 bar.
The hot fuel gas will clean out all absorbed material contained in Molecular
Sieve, which will enable the Molecular Sieve to absorb H2O, Sulfur
compound, and Aromatics in the following Adsorption step.
In order to ensure a continuous flow of the main stream of vapor into the
dehydration unit, there are six vessels in the unit, four of them are always in
the Adsorption step.
 Process Area
Unit 3 – Dehydration/Mercury Removal
Sweet Gas

Dehydration Feed Gas Water Pre Cooler 24-E0306

Dehydration Feed Gas Pre Cooler 24-E0301

Dehydration Feed Gas Ko Drum 24-C0201

H2O + Sulfur compound

Aromatics + Hot Fuel Gas
Hot Fuel Gas Dehydration Molecular Sieve 24-V0301A~F
(Spent Regeneration Gas)

Dehydration Molecular Sieve Effluent Filter 24-S0301A/B

Mercury Removal Vessel 24-V0351A/B

Mercury Removal Effluent Filters 24-S0351A/B

Dry Gas

Process Area
Unit 3 – Dehydration/Mercury Removal

Adsorption

Valve Valve Sweet Gas

Closed Open

Dehydration

Molecular

Sieve

Vessel

Dry Gas
Valve Valve
Closed Open
 Process Area
Unit 3 – Dehydration/Mercury Removal

Heating

Spent Gas Valve Valve

Open Closed

Dehydration

Molecular

Sieve

Vessel

Hot Fuel Gas

Valve Valve
Open Closed

Dehydration Molecular Sieve

24 – V0301A~F
 PROCESS AREA
South West Corner

Dehydration Molecular Sieve

24 – V0301A~F

Sweet Gas Inlet / Spent Gas Outlet

Dry Gas Outlet / Hot Fuel Gas Inlet

0
 Process Area
Unit 4 – NGL Recovery

A) Taking out the maximum quantity of all the hydrocarbon

elements which are heavier than Ethane – C3 and above -
from the main stream of vapor.

Unit 4 – NGL Recovery

Dry Gas Natural Gas
(1 physical phase)
Flow: 1282 Ton / h
Unit 4 (1 physical phase)
Flow: 1124 Ton / h
Temperature: 25 Cº Temperature: 36.5 Cº
Pressure: 64.5 bar Pressure: 66.5 bar
Physical phase: Vapor Physical phase: Vapor
1- C1 85.85 % 1- C1 89.04 %
2- C2 5.06% 2- C2 5.24%
3- C3 1.99% 3- C3 0.01%
4-iC4 0.42% 4-iC4 0.00%
5-nC4 0.63% 5-nC4 0.00%
6-iC5 0.19% C3+ 6-iC5 0.00%
7-nC5 0.16% 7-nC5 0.00%
8-C6+ 0.21% 8-C6+ 0.00%
9-He 0.05% 9-He 0.05%
10-N2 5.45% 10-N2 5.65%
 Process Area
Unit 4 – NGL Recovery

A) Taking out the maximum quantity of all the hydrocarbon

elements which are heavier than Ethane – C3 and above -
from the main stream of vapor.

Basic Principle

The basic principle used to fraction a mixture of hydrocarbons each one

apart is by using the difference in boiling point for each material, in our
case the boiling points for the hydrocarbons in the Dry Gas are:

Ethane (C2): -88.6 Cº at 1 bar

Propane (C3): -42 Cº at 1 bar

Butane (C4): 4.6 Cº at 1 bar

So if the temperature of the dry gas reduced to a degree much less than
-42 Cº, but higher than -88.6, almost all the propane and higher
hydrocarbons will be liquefied, but the Ethane and Methane will still in
their original vapor condition, and therefore it will be easy to segregate
liquid from vapor by gravity.

The segregation of liquid from vapor take place in the De Ethanizer

Column, where dry gas mixture ( Liquid & Vapor) will enter the
De Ethanizer Column at a temperature of -79.3 Cº and presser of 31.1
bar.
 Process Area
Unit 4 – NGL Recovery
Dry Gas

NGL Recovery Gas/Gas Exchanger 24-E0401

Expander Feed Separator 24-V0401

NGL Recovery Compander NGL Recovery Compander

(Turbine Side) (Compressor Side)
24-K0401A~C 24-K0401A~C

De Ethanizer Column 24-C0401 C3+

De Ethanizer Reflux Condenser 24-E0403

Lean Gas Re compressor 24-K0402

Lean Gas Re compressor Air after Cooler 24-E0405

Lean Gas Re compressor Water after Cooler 24-E0406

Natural Gas

De Ethanizer Column
24 – C0401
 De Ethanizer Column
24 – C0401

PROCESS AREA
South West Corner

NG Outlet

Dry Gas Inlet

C3+ Outlet
 Process Area
Unit 5 – Gas Chilling & Liquidation

A) Liquefying the main stream of vapor into liquid.

Unit 5 – Gas Chilling & Liquidation

Natural Gas LNG

(1 physical phase)
Flow: 1124 Ton / h
Unit 5 (1 physical phase)
Flow: 1124 Ton / h
Temperature: 36.5 Cº Temperature: -145.8 Cº
Pressure: 66.5 bar Pressure: 43.3 bar
Physical phase: Vapor Physical phase: Liquid
1- C1 89.04 % 1- C1 89.04 %
2- C2 5.24% 2- C2 5.24%
9-He 0.05% 9-He 0.05%
10-N2 5.65% 10-N2 5.65%
 Process Area
Unit 5 – Gas Chilling & Liquidation

A) Liquefying the main stream of vapor into liquid.

Basic Principle

The method used to cool down and liquefy the main stream of vapor is by
forcing the vapor to go through six evaporators.

The six evaporators belongs to three refrigeration cycles, the first

refrigeration cycle used C3 as main refrigerant item, the second
refrigeration cycle used mixed refrigerant from C1 & C2 as main refrigerant
item, and the third refrigeration cycle used N2 as main refrigerant item.

Process Area
Unit 5 – Gas Chilling & Liquidation

Natural Gas

Feed Gas / HP C3 Evaporator 24-E0501

Feed Gas / MP C3 Evaporator 24-E0502

Feed Gas / LP C3 Evaporator 24-E0503

Feed Gas / LLP C3 Evaporator 24-E0504

Main Cryogenic Heat Exchanger (MR) 24-E0506

Sub-Cooling Heat Exchanger (N2) 24-E0507

Liquefied Natural Gas

 Process Area / North
T4 / Cold Section

Sub-Cooling Heat Exchanger (N2) Feed Gas C3 Evaporators

24-E0507 24-E0501/2/3/4

Main Cryogenic Heat Exchanger (MR)

24-E0506
 PROCESS AREA
North East Corner

Sub-Cooling Heat Exchanger (N2) Main Cryogenic Heat Exchanger (MR)

24-E0507 24-E0506

Process Area
Unit 8 N2 Rejection & He Recovery

A) Taking out the maximum quantity of Nitrogen (N2) and

Helium (He) from the main stream of liquid.
 Unit 8 N2 Rejection & He Recovery

LNG LNG
(1 physical phase)
Flow: 1124 Ton / h
Unit 8 (1 physical phase)
Flow: 963 Ton / h
Temperature: -145.8 Cº Temperature: -159.6 Cº
Pressure: 43.3 bar Pressure: 8.8 bar
Physical phase: Liquid Physical phase: Liquid
1- C1 89.04 % 1- C1 93.30 %
2- C2 5.24% 2- C2 5.95%
9-He 0.05% 9-He 0.00%
10-N2 5.65% N2 10-N2 0.75%

&
He
LNG ( Tank)
(1 physical phase)
Temperature: -162 Cº
Pressure: 1.1 bar
Physical phase: Liquid

Process Area
Unit 8 N2 Rejection & He Recovery

• Taking out the maximum quantity of Nitrogen (N2) and

Helium (He) from the main stream of liquid.

Basic Principle

The method used to take out Nitrogen and Helium from the main stream of
Liquid is by reducing the pressure, so almost all the quantity N2 & He will
evaporate

By reducing the pressure from 43.4 bar to 3.2 bar & with Temperature
equal to -160 Cº , almost all N2 & He will evaporate, and they will be
easily separated from main stream of vapor by gravity.
 Process Area
Unit 8 N2 Rejection & He Recovery

Liquefied Natural Gas

LNG Hydraulic Turbine 24-HT0801A/B

LNG Flash Drum 24-V0801

Nitrogen Rejection Re Boiler 24-E081

Nitrogen Rejection Column 24-C0801

LNG Product Pump 24-P0801A/B/C

LNG Tanks / OFF Plot

Liquefied Natural Gas / Final Product

Nitrogen Rejection
Column 24-C0801

LNG Hydraulic Turbine

24-HT0801A/B
 PROCESS AREA
North East Corner

Nitrogen Rejection Column

24-C0801