Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ex) Dewatering
Lowering
σ v' = γ f ' z
1
= pK ' γ 'f H 2f tan δ
2
where p = perimeter of pile.
H f = height of fill.
z The negative skin friction on the pile exists from z=0 to z=L₁as shown
below.
( L − H f ) L − H f γ 'f H f 2γ 'f H f
L1 = [ + ]−
L1 2 γ' γ'
For end bearing piles, the neutral depth may be assumed to be located
at pile tip (L1=L-Hf).
L1 L1
Qn = ∫ pf n dz = ∫ pK ' (γ 'f H f + γ ' z ) tan δdz
0 0
1 2
= ( pK ' γ ' H f tan δ ) L1 + L1 pK ' γ ' tan δ
2
z Resistance = Qs + Q p (Qs not for fully embedded length of pile but only
z To reduce downdrag
1. Predrilled hole, then install pile (reduce K).
2. Coat the pile with bitumen(reducing δ ).
z Advantages
z Disadvantage
z Construction Procedures
1. Dry method of construction (Stiff soils above the water table).
a) initial drilling
b) starting concrete pour
c) placing rebar cage
d) completed shaft
ii) Caissons
z Substructure element used at wet construction sites such as rivers, lakes
and docks
z Types of Caissons
1) Open caissons
2) Box caissons
Should be leveled
3) Pneumatic caissons