National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training & Research, Kolkata

An autonomous institute established by the MHRD, Govt. of India.

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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ROBOTICS
SEMINAR(I)- ROBOT & ITS FUNCTION

PRESENTED BY
SANTANU CHAKRABORTY & BIPUL BISWAS
II- SEMESTER
M. TECH. IN MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
qDefinition of Robot

ØA re- programmable, multifunctional manipulator

designed to move material, parts, tool, or
specialized devices through various programmed
motions for the performance of a variety of tasks
q Great Moments in Robot History
ØThird Century B.C.— Aristotle gets the robo-ball rolling by penning these words: "If
every instrument could accomplish its own work, obeying or anticipating the will of
others.
ØEighteenth Century— Automatons, These mechanically animated dolls can play musical
instruments, draw, and quack like a duck (well, the duck one could, anyway).
Ø1801— Joseph Jacquard invents a "programmable loom" that operates via punch cards.
Ø1898— Nicola Tesla, inventor of the induction motor, alternating current (AC)
transmission, and the actual inventor of radio
Ø1956— MIT's John McCarthy coins the term "Artificial Intelligence" during a
Dartmouth computer workshop.
Ø1973—Ichiro Kato develops WABOT-1, the first humanoid walking robot.
Ø1976— Robot arms in space.
Ø1984— Mobile robots doing actual work
Ø1994— CMU's six-legged extreme environments robot, aptly named Dante II.
Ø1997— Honda stuns the world with its P3 humanoid robot.
Ø1999— Sony begins selling its AIBO robotic pet. The product is almost
affordable and extremely sophisticated.
q Advantages of Robots

ØRobots increase productivity, safety, efficiency, quality, and consistency of products.

ØRobots can work in hazardous environments without the need.

ØRobots need no environmental comfort.

ØRobots have repeatable precision at all times.

ØRobots can be much more accurate than human.

ØRobots replace human workers creating economic problems.

ØRobots can process multiple stimuli or tasks simultaneously.

q Disadvantages of Robots

ØRobots lack capability to respond in emergencies.

ØRobots, although superior in certain senses, have limited capabilities in Degree

of freedom, Dexterity, Sensor, Vision system, real time response.

ØRobots are costly, due to Initial cost of equipment, Installation costs, Need for
Peripherals, Need for training, Need for programming.
q Robot classification
The Japanese Industrial Robot Association (JIRA) is also chiefly concerned with industrial robotics-

ØManually operated manipulators: Machines slaved to a human operator

ØSequential manipulators: Devices that perform a series of tasks in the same sequence every time
they're activated

ØProgrammable manipulators: An assembly-line robotic arm.

ØNumerically controlled robots(Playback): Robots that are instructed to perform tasks through the
receipt of information on sequences and positions in the form of numerical data.

ØSensate robots: Robots that incorporate sensor feedback into their circuitry—touch sensors,
proximity sensors, vision systems, and so forth.

ØAdaptive robots: Robots that can change the way they function in response to their environment.

ØSmart robots: Robots that are considered to possess artificial intelligence (AI).

ØIntelligent mechatronic systems: Here it refers to smart devices and embedded(Mechatronics)

systems
q Construction & working of the Robot
ØMechanical platforms-The hardware base

ØDriving Mechanism

ØActuators

ØR/C Servos

ØSensors

ØMicro-processor System- Including Artificial Intelligence(AI)

ØLanguages

ØDriving High current loads from logic

ØControllers
 q Robot Anatomy

Joint3 Link3 End of Arm

1. Manipulator consists of joints and links-

ØJoints provide relative motion

ØLinks are rigid members between joints
ØVarious joint types: linear and rotary Link2
ØEach joint provides a “degree-of-freedom”
Link1
ØMost robots possess five or six degrees-of-
freedom
Joint2
2. Robot manipulator consists of two sections-
Joint1
ØBody-and-arm – for positioning of objects in the
robot's work volume
Link0
ØWrist assembly – for orientation of objects
Base
 q Robot Languages

ØMicrocomputer Machine Language Level: The most basic and very efficient but
difficult to understand to follow.

ØPoint-to-Point Level: Funky® Cincinnati Milacron’s T3©, It lacks branching,

sensory information.

ØPrimitive Motion Level: VAL by Unimation™ Interpreter based language.

ØStructured Programming Level: This is a compiler based but more difficult to

learn.

ØTask-Oriented Level: Not exist yet and proposed IBM in the 1980s.
 q Industrial Robot Applications

ØMaterial handling applications-

1. Material transfer – pick-and-
place, palletizing
2. Machine loading and/or
unloading

ØProcessing operations-
1. Welding
2. Spray coating
3. Cutting and grinding

ØAssembly and inspection-

q FANUC LR Mate 200iB
ØBasic Description: The LR Mate 200iB is a six-axis, modular construction, electric
servo-driven, tabletop robot designed for a variety of manufacturing and system
processes.
 q Acknowledgement
Thanks to all of my respected teachers for allowing us to represent an article on
Robotics.

ØBooks-

üAbsolute Beginner's Guide to Building Robots - Gareth Branwyn.

üAnatomy of a Robot - Charles M Bergren.

ØWebsites-

üGoogle.com

üwww.2RiRobotics.com

üWWW.fanucrobotics.co.uk

THANK YOU