Technical Presentation

MCPL
15/11/98

ECONOMICALLY & ECOLOGICALLY IMPROVED PEROXIDE BLEACH

MODHERA CHEMICALS PVT. LTD., offers “MODSCOUR-BL” as a product which is well tried and tested in hydrogen
peroxide bleaching. The most distinguished properties of this product lie in that it enables various functions to be
performed in one bath and also allow the fundamental needs of the consumers for more environmental compatibility. It is
bio-degradable to high degree. Besides preventing redeposition of impurities the product offers good stability against acids
(important for acid extraction) and alkalies, excellent wetting and re-wetting properties, inhibition of iron and stabilising
action for peroxide.

MODSCOUR-BL is suited for all types of machinery (continues and discontinuous) and guarantees minimal fibre damage,
while achieving a high degree of whiteness at the same time. The user will benefit in quality from the universal means of
applying this hitech MCPL product, and will also have savings in time, water and energy.

Advantages:
☛ Only one product now needed for peroxide bleaching
☛ Optimum degree of whiteness
☛ Reduced use of chemicals possible
☛ Excellent d.p. values
☛ Very good re-wetability
☛ Suitable for all types of machines and processes
☛ Stable to acids, alkali, electrolytes and temperatures upto 135ºC
☛ Energy saving due to shortened processes
☛ Complete dispensation of silicate
☛ Biodegradable

Scope of Applications:

Bleach bath stabilisation

Demineralisation bleaching by one bath / two step process

“Three in one” product
- Wetting / scouring
- Dispersing
- Stabilisation
 Profile of MODSCOUR-BL

Good Biodegradibility

Sequestration of Ca, Mg at Stable to alkali, acids,

the presence of high amount electrolytes.
of alkali

Sequestration of iron & Stable to temperatures upto

other heavy metal ions in 135ºC
hot strongly alkaline liquors
MODSCOUR-BL

Dispersing power of Ca, Support of surface active

Mg & heavy metal componet during extraction
hydroxides processes.

Acid extraction & peroxide Easily dosable

bleaching in one bath

Stabilisation by complete
dispensation of silicate
 MODSCOUR-BL : Manganese, Iron, Copper binding capacity at 98ºC.

400

mg metal ions / g
300

product
pH 7
200 pH 9
pH 11
100

0
manganese iron copper
Metal Ions

Stabilisation with MODSCOUR-BL in relation to magnesium content

100

90

80

70
Residual H2O2, (%)

60 Mod scour- BL
50 Perostab -BLN
Silicate
40

30

20

10

Additio n o f M agn esium C hlo rid e [ºd H]

 Dependance of Stabilisation on the Magnesium content of the Bath

90
80

Residual Peroxide
Final Stabilisation
70
60

in %
50
40
30
20
Modscour- BL
10
0 Waterglass

2ºdH

4ºdH

8ºdH

12ºdH

16ºdH

20ºdH

32ºdH

48ºdH

64ºdH

80ºdH
Addition of Magnesium Chloride
[ºdH]

BLEACHING OF TOWELLING
Machine : Thies Roto Stream
Material : 100% cotton
Liquor ratio : 1 : 10
Bleaching recipe:
1~1.5 g/l : MODSCOUR-BL
2 g/l : NaOH Flakes
5~5.5 m/l : H2O2 50%
Water hardness : 8º Gh = 10ºEh
(If only deionized water is available add 0.3 g/l MgCl2 . 6H2O)

95°C 60 min. 95°C

2.5°C/min.
80°C

25°C

Drain

Pretreatment of Dyeing - Cheese

Production Steps
1. Demineralization / Bleaching (Semi White)
2. Vat Dyeing
3. Reactive dyeing

Problematic
Repeatly unlevelness on light Vat and Reactive shades occurred in the past in so far as the package inside was lighter than
outside. Analyses of the yarn led to the result that deposits of mineral hydroxides caused a blockage of the liquor flow.

The followimg Pre-treatment process solved the problem.

1. Pre-Bleach Process
Machine : Open Thied package bleaching unit, circulation in one
Direction,
Inside Outside
Material : 300 kgs. cotton cheese, Nm 19/1.
Liquor ratio : 1 : 10

1.1 First Step

Deminerlization
2 g/l : MODSCOUR-BL
5 g/l : ALTRANOL-OL / MODFOR-R-610
1 ml/l acetic acid 60% : pH 4~6
20 min, at 40°C

1.2 Second Step (same bath)

Bleaching
1.2 ml.l NaOH 50%
2 ml/l H2O2 35%

40 min.
95°C 95°C

40°C Drain

- Overflow Rise at 70°C, 15 min.

- Rise at 70°C, 8 min.
Addition of 1 g/l MODSCOUR-BL
pH after Rinsing 7

2. Vat Dyeing
(on different machine, closed apparatus with alternating circulation)
2.1 Pigmentation
1 g/l MODQUEST-FSN
1 g/l MODLEVELLER-VL
0.25% Pigment (Fine dispersion)
0.061% Pigment (Colloidal)
5 m/l NaOH
-10 min. at 80°C

2.2 Vatting
3~3.5 g/l Sodium hydrosulphite
- 20 min. at 80°C
- 30 min. at 60°C

2.3 Rinsing and Oxidation

2.4 Soaping
1~1.5 g/l MODLEVELLER-VL
1~1.5 g/l MODQUEST-WS
- 15 min. at 96°C

2.5 Acidification
0.5 ml/l Acetic acid 60%
- 10 min. at 40°C

2.6 Rinsing at 40°C, and cold

2.7 Softening

2.8 Pressure drying

3. Reactive Dyeing
3.1 Pre-Bleach, same as for Vats
3.2 Dye Process
 % shade required Reactive dye
1~1.5 g/l MODQUEST-FSN
50 g/l Glauber’s salt
20 g/l Soda ash

50°C 30 min. 50°C 60 min. 50°C

25°C 25°C
Soda ash Drain

MODQUEST-FSN
Dyestuff
Salt

3.2 Rinsing
- 5 min. at 25°C
- 5 min. at 25°C
- 5 min. at 25°C, addition of 0.4 ml/l Acetic acid 60%
3.4 Washing-off
- 10 min. at 98°C
addition of 1~2 g/l MODQUEST-FSN
3.5 Rinsing
- 5 min. at 40°C
3.6 After treatment
0.5 ml/l Acetic acid 60%
2% ECOFIX-2F
- 10 min. at 40°C

3.7 Pressure drying

Bleaching of viscose with MODSCOUR-BL on MCS continuous machine

Method :
Desizing (Enzymatic)

Hydrozen Peroxide treatment
Machine : MCS continuous machine
- About 1000 running meters in the machine
- Speed : 35 m/min.
- Liquor ratio : 1:4
- Fabric: Viscose/Cosa about 10.000 running meters
Recipe :

Desizing : - MODSCOUR-BL : 0.2~0.5 g/l
- Enzyme : As per recommendation
- pH : As per recommendation
- Retention time : 12 h

BLEACHING:

Starting recipe - MODSCOUR-BL 1 g/l
- NaOH 50% 1 g/l
- H2O2 50% 4 g/l
If only soft water is available add 0.6 g/l MgCl2, otherwise add only 0.2 g/l MgCl2.

Feed liquor conc. - Machinery : see sketch next page

A) 12 g/l Enzymes }
4 g/l MODSCOUR-BL }
pH=6 }

500 ltr.
B) 20 g/lNaOH 50% } Stock solutions
3 g/l MODSCOUR-BL } ⇓
Dosage: 80 ltr./hr.
C) 40 g/lH2O2 50% }
4 g/l MODSCOUR-BL }
3 g/l MgCl2 }
Classical Procedure Indicative formulation with MODSCOUR-BL

4 g/l Washing agent 10 – 12 g/l MODSCOUR-BL

1 g/l Phosphonate 0.2 g/l Magnesium Chloride
6 g/l Wetting agent 15 g/l NaOH 100%
6 g/l Stabiliser 50 g/l H2O2 35%
25 g/l NaOH 50%
40 g/lH2O2 50%
---------------------------------------------- Retention 18 – 24 h -------------------------------------------
Squeezing effect 75% Squeezing effect 75%

Impregnation Retention Washing

COLD PAD-BATCH
 LABORATORY TESTS

Degree of whiteness Degree of polymeri- Rewettability

Whiteness (Berger) zation (repeated
determinations)
Grey fabric 63.9 329 20 sec.
MCPL Bleaching 70.8 227 Spontaneous

PRE-TREATMENT COMBINED ALKALI TREATMENT +

OXIDATIVE DESIZING AND BLEACHING

Machinery (see sketch next page)

1. Grey fabric (A-frame)
2. Singeing
3. Alkali treatment + oxidative deszing
Padding liquor:
Caustic soda 35 g/l
Na-persulphate 5 g/l
Altranol-CD/Modscour-LF 2 g/l
Temperature 90-95°C
Pick-up 80%
4. Dwelling
4 hours
5. Washing-off, 4 comparments at90°C – counter current, 1 compartment cold rinse
6. Impregnation compartment
Starting concentration:
Hydrogenperoxide 50% 40 ml/l
Caustic soda flakes 28 g/l
MODSCOUR-BL 10 g/l
Magnesium chloride.6H2O 0.2 g/l
7. U-Box Reaction Unit
Temp. of steam 101°C
Steaming time 20 min
8. Washing-off compartments, Temp. 80-90°C
9. Drying cylinders
 CONTINUOUS PRE-TREATMENT, 2 STEP PROCESS

a) Alkali treatment + Oxidative desizing

b) Bleaching

------>

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9
 Information about the process run

1. Material Cotton weave, 440 g per running meter

Warp, sized with a blend of
Corn starch
Polyvinyl alcohol
Polyacrylate
Wax
2. Previous process
1st Step: Enzymatic desizing, dwelling process
2nd Step: a) Washing-off decomposed starch
b) Alkali-Pad Steam
3rd Step: Peroxide-Pad steam

3. Process
1st Step: Combined alkali + oxidative treatment, dwelling process
2nd Step: a) Washing-off solubilized impurities and decomposed
starch
b) Peroxide-Pad steam
3.1 Advantages of the oxidative desizing in the alkali step
- Maximum swelling of cellulose, breaking up of husks, saponification of waxes and grease.
- Persulphate decomposes starch as well as polyvinyl alcohol
- Alkali solubilizes polyacrylate
- Shorter dwell time (4 hours) as compared to enzymatic desizing
Remarks : Padding at 90ºC, covering of batching roller with foil
Temperature is kept due to exothermic reactions:
Starch + Persulphate exothermic >
Polyvinylalcohol + Persulphate exothermic >

3.2 Calculation of feed liquor concentration

F1 = 60% (Entry mangle)
F2 = 90% (Exit mangle)
2
d = 30%

90 = 90 = factor 3
F2 – F1 90-60
4. Results
Degree of Damage factor Degree of Whiteness
Polymerization by Eisenhut Elrepho Filter
Grey fabric 1820 48.9%
Treated fabric (without
Mercerization) 1550 0.29 70%
No optical brightening

5. Evaluation and actions

The reduction of polymerization degree of 15% and a damage factor of 0.29 are satisfactory results. Bearing in mind
that the former practised enzymatic desizing resulted in an incomplete removal of the size the oxidative method is a
good alternative.

Pad-steam (U-box) continuous oxidative desizing and bleaching

Process-steps

A: 3 Compartments prescouring 90-95ºC

Recipe 1
Addition into compartment No. 3, with overflow in compartment No. 2 and No.1

0.5 ~ 1g/l ALTRANOL-CD/MODSCOUR-LF

1 g/l MODQUEST-FSN

Wash-off, overflow compartment No. 4

B: Combined akali treatment and oxidative desizing

Recipe 2
Starting concentration:
4 g/l Na-persulfate
0.5~1 g/l ALTRANOL-CD / MODSCOUR-LF
25 g/l NaOH flakes
Concentration of feed liquor: 4 times
C: Steaming
2 times 15 min/102ºC
U-Box-Steamer

D: Recipe 3
3 Compartments at 80-95ºC overflow rinse
1 Compartment cold overflow rinse

E: Peroxide bleaching
Recipe 4
Starting concentration
8 g/l MODSCOUR-BL
20 g/l NaOH flakes
40 g/l H2O2 50%
0.3 g/l MgCl2.6H2O
(necessary if water hardness is below 8ºGh or 10ºEh)
Concentration of feed liquor : 4 times

F: Steaming
15 min/102ºC
U-Box-steamer

G: Recipe 5
4 Compartments hot rinse
overflow (counter current if possible)

H: Cylinder-dryer
Fabric

① ② Na2S2O8
NaOH

Singeing extinguish 4 x wash-off impregnation bath U-Box-Steamer

50-60 sec. total 4 times conc. of 2 times 15 min/102ºC
feed liquor

Modscour-BL
fabric ③ ④ H2O2 fabric
NaOH
Impregnation bath,
4 x wash-off 4 times conc. of U-Box-Steamer
50-60 sec. total feed liquor 15 min/102ºC

fabric ⑤

4 x wash-off
50-60 sec. total cylinder
dryer See recipe 1-5

Continuous-pretreatment- plant
 BLEACHING BY PAD-STEAM METHOD

METHOD : ❍ Singeing
❍ Desizing (Enzymatic)
❍ Hydrogen Peroxide treatment(Pad steam)

MACHINE : KÜSTERS Combi-Steamer (with Flexnip “System)

STEAM TEMPERATURE : 102ºC

STEAMING TIME : 25 min.
SPEED : 100 m/min.
MATERIAL : 100% Cotton (household linen 120 g/m2)

RECIPE :
❍ DESIZING : Enzyme As per recommendation
Allendet-NI/Altranol-OL 2 g/l
pH As per recommendation
Retention time As per recommendation
❍ WASHING : 90ºC, 95ºC, 95 (3 Compartments)
❍ BLEACHING : - Pick-up 100%
- Water hardness 15º (french hardness)
(=8º German hardness)
That means magnesium chloride is not
necessary.
- Steaming time 25 min. at 102ºC
Recipes

COMPETITORS
❍ 30 ml/l NaOH 36 Bè
❍ 70 ml/l H2O2 35% (= 46 ml/l H2O2 50%)
❍ 8 g/l Stabilizer
❍ 6 g/l Wetting agent
❍ 4 g/l Sequestering agent
❍ 1 g/l Defoamer
 MODHERA CHEMICALS PVT. LTD.

❍ 50 m//l NaOH 36Bè

❍ 50 ml/l H2O2 35%
❍ 10 g/l MODSCOUR-BL

❍ WASHING 95ºC, 90ºC, 60ºC, 50ºC (4 Compartments)

RESULTS

DP S Degree of Water
(STN whiteness absorbency
2.075/84)
Grey Fabric 1883 35 /

Competitor 1879 0 71.1 Spontaneous

MCPL recipe 1917 0 71.2 Spontaneous

S= Damage factor
 Bleaching by pad steam method

Method : Desizing (enzymatic) – Pad roll, combined alkali /

Hydrogen peroxide treatment – Pad steam
Machine : Babcock combi steamer
Steam temp. : 100ºC
Steaming time : 15 minutes
Speed : 50 m/min.
Material : 100% cotton, plain weave, 216 g/m

Recipe (starting concentration)

H2O2 50% 40.0 ml/l
NaOH 50% 16.0 ml/l (24.5 g/l)
MODSCOUR-BL 10.0 g/l
Water : 8º German hardness=10º English hardness. If only deionized water is available add 0.3 g/l MgCl2.6H2O.

Calculation of feed liquor concentration

F1 = 65% (Entry machine)

F2 = 95% (Exit mangle)
d2 = 30%
95 95
95-65 = 95-65 =
3.2 factor

Result
- Desizing = very good
(assessment by TEGEWA Violet = standard: note 9)
- Water absorbency = Penetration 3 sec.
Spreading: Warp 35 mm
Weft 31 mm
- Whiteness = good
- Seed removal = complete
- DP decrease = 6%
- Damage factor = very good, undamaged (Damage factor Eisenhut: 0.04)
Degree of polymerisation:
In continental Europe fluidity is not normally used as an expression of chemical damage but a measure of the degree of
polymerization (DP). It is obtained from the viscosity using a modified Staudinger equation. The development of these
equations and their use is given by O. Deschler (textile-Praxis 1958, 13, p 927)

Typical values for DP are:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fibre DP
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Natural fibres; cotton, flax, ramine 2300-3000
Acceptably bleached cotton 1800-2000
Regenerated cellulose polynosic 1000-1200
Viscose 250- 400
The relationship between DP and fluidity (F) for cotton is given by the equation:

DP = 2032 [log10 74.35 + F ] - 573

F
And this is shown graphically on page

Damage factor:
The damage factor (S), suggested by O. Eisenhut (Melliand Textilber. 1941,22, p 424) relates damage to the change in DP
and so takes into account high initial DPs.
S=log10 (2000 _ 2000 + 1) log102
Ptx Ptx
Pt = DP before chemical treatment Ptx = DP after chemical treatment 2000 = reference value

The damage factor has been categorized to indicate the degree of damage.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 factor comment
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.01 – 0.2 very good – undamaged
0.21 – 0.3 good – very carefully bleached
0.31 – 0.5 satisfactory
0.5 – 0.75 slightly damaged
0.75 badly damaged
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PEROXIDE BLEACHING - DISCONTINUOUS
Package Yarn (Hanks) Jigger Jet Winch
Liquor ratio 1:8 - 1:10 1:15 1:3 – 1:6 1:8 - 1:10 1:20
Temperature 98 98 98 98
Duration (min) 30-45 60 60 30-45 30-45
Magnesium chloride (g/l) ⇒ water 0.2-0.3 0.2-0.3 0.2-0.3 0.2-0.3 0.2-0.3
hardness 8-12° dH
MODSCOUR-BL (g/l) 0.8-1.5 0.8-1.2 3-5 1.2-1.5 0.4-0.8
ALTRANOL-CD 0.5 ---- ---- ---- ----
Caustic soda flakes (g/l) 1.5-3 1.5-2 4-5 1.5-3 1-1.5
Hydrogen peroxide 35 weight-% (ml/l) 4-8 4-6 10-15 6-8 2-4

PEROXIDE BLEACHING : COLD PAD-BATCH

Pick-up 100%
Dwell time (h) 16-24
Magnesium chloride (g/l)⇒ water hardness 8-12° dh 0.2-0.3
MODSCOUR-BL (g/l) 4-6
Caustic soda flakes (g/l) 15-20
Hydrogen peroxide 35 weight-% (ml/l) 40-60

PEROXIDE BLEACHING : PAD STEAM

Combination U-Box Pad-Roll
Steam temperature (°C) 100 97-99 85-90
Dwell time (min.) 7-20 20-50 60-120
Magnesium chloride (g/l)⇒ water 0.2-0.3 0.2-0.3 0.2-0.3
hardness 8-12° dH
MODSCOUR-BL (g/l) 4-8 8-10 8-10
Caustic soda flakes (g/l) 20 20 20
Hydrogen peroxide 35 weight-% (ml/l) 60-40 40 40
Pick-up : 100%

The above technical presentation proves MODSCOUR-BL as ECONOMICALLY & ECOLOGICALLY improved
peroxide bleach