GUIDING QUESTIONS FOR MIDTERM # 1

1) Define the terms anatomy and physiology

2) List and briefly describe the levels of organization of human body.
3) Define the term homeostasis.
4) Explain the mechanism of action of the negative and positive feedback
control system. Give an example of each.
5) List and describe the basic components of feedback control system
6) List and define the three major planes that are used to divide the body
into parts.
7) What are the two basic cell types in nervous tissues? Briefly describe
their functions.
8) Describe the structure and function of skin
a. Describe the cell layers of epidermis.
b. Describe the two layers of the dermis.
c. List the three primary types of skin glands. What are their
functions?
9) Discuss the process of epidermal growth and repair.
10) Discuss the process of deep wound healing.
11) Be able to identify all the structures that compose a nail.
12) Describe what happens to the integumentary system as we age.
13) Describe the structure of neuron
14) Know all the different types of glial cells, and be able to describe their
functions
15) Discuss the continuous and saltatory conduction
16) Describe how the brain is protected
a. List, in order, the brain coverings and spaces with their content,
from the brain tissue outward.
17) Describe the formation and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
a. How CSF is different from plasma
b. What happens if the production of CSF is more than can be
reabsorbed?
18) Discuss the supply of blood to the brain.
19) Name the three major divisions of the brainstem, and briefly describe
the function of each.
20) Describe the structure and function of the cerebellum.
21) Describe the two major components of the diencephalon and briefly
discuss their functions.
22) Describe the structural and functional components of the cerebrum:
a. Describe the cortex, convolutions, fissures, and sulci of the
cerebrum
b. List and locate the lobes of the cerebrum.
c. What is the function of the basal ganglia?
d. What is the function of the limbic system?
e. What is the primary somatic area of the cerebral cortex?
f. Where is the primary somatic sensory area?
23) Know the 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
a. Where do they originate?
b. What are their functions?
 24) Discuss the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord
25) What are the protective coverings of the spinal cord?
26) What are the dermatosomes?
27) Describe the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the
autonomic nervous system.
a. What are the locations of ganglia for each, sympathetic and
parasympathetic division?
b. What are the autonomic plexuses?
28) Compare the anatomical structures of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
a. Be familiar with the organs that are innervated by each division
(parasympathetic and sympathetic)
b. Describe the neurotransmitters and receptors in the autonomic
response.
1. Cholinergic neurotransmission
2. Adrenergic neurotransmission

Be able to label the following figures:

Chapter 1: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.9, 1.10

Chapter 5: 5.1, 5.2, 5.4, 5.5

Chapter 12: 12.3, 12.4, 12.20, 12.22,

Chapter 13: 13.1, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.10, 13.15, 13.18

Chapter 14: 14.1, 14.2, 14.13, 14.22, 14.23 and 14.24, 14.28

Table 14.6 and 14.7