A phrase is a small group of words that adds meaning to a word.

A phrase is not a sentence because it is

not a complete idea with a subject and a predicate.

In English there are five different kinds of phrases, one for each of the main parts of speech. In a phrase,
the main word, or the word that is what the phrase is about, is called the head. In these examples, it is
printed in bold. The other words in the phrase do the work of changing or modifying the head.

In a noun phrase, one or more words work together to give more information about a noun.

• all my dear children

• the information age
• seventeen hungry lions in the rocks

In an adjective phrase, one or more words work together to give more information about an adjective.

• so very sweet
• earnest in her desire
• very happy with his work

In a verb phrase, one or more words work together to give more meaning to a verb. In English, the verb
phrase is very complex, but a good description of its many forms can be found here.

In an adverb phrase, one or more words work together to give more information about an adverb.

• especially softly
• formerly of the city of Perth
• much too quickly to see clearly

In a prepositional phrase, one or more words work together to give information about time, location, or
possession, or condition. The preposition always appears at the front of the phrase.

• after a very long walk

• behind the old building
• for all the hungry children
• in case it should happen again

Adverbial clause

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An adverbial clause is a clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or
implied) and a predicate, and it modifies a verb.

• I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject I)

• He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)

According to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly as adjuncts or
disjuncts. In these functions they are like adverbial phrases, but due to their potentiality for greater
explicitness, they are more often like prepositional phrases (Greenbaum and Quirk,1990):
 • We left after the speeches ended. (Is it an adverbial clause, adverbial phrase, or prepositional
phrase?)
• We left after the end of the speeches.(Is it an adverbial clause, adverbial phrase, or prepositional
phrase?)

Contrast adverbial clauses with adverbial phrases, which do not contain a clause.

• I like to fly kites for fun.

Kinds of adverbial clauses

kind of clause common conjunctions function example

when, before, after, since, while,

These clauses are used to say
as, as long as, until,till, etc.
when something happens by Her father died when she
time clauses (conjunctions that answer the
referring to a period of time was young.
question "when?"); hardly,
or to another event.
scarcely, no sooner, etc.[1]

These clauses are used to talk If they lose weight

conditional
if, unless about a possible situation and during an illness, they
clauses
its consequences. soon regain it afterwards.

They had to take some of

These clauses are used to
purpose his land so that they
in order to, so that, in order that indicate the purpose of an
clauses could extend the
action.
churchyard.

These clauses are used to I couldn't feel anger

reason
because, since, as, given indicate the reason for against him because I
clauses
something. liked him too much.

My suitcase had become

These clauses are used to
so damaged on the
result clauses so..that indicate the result of
journey home that the lid
something.
would not stay closed.

These clauses are used to

make two statements, one of I used to read a lot
concessive
although, though, while which contrasts with the although I don't get
clauses
other or makes it seem much time for books now
surprising.

where, wherever, anywhere,

These clauses are used to talk
everywhere, etc. (conjunctions He said he was happy
place clauses about the location or position
that answer the question where he was.
of something.
"where?")

These clauses are used to talk I was never allowed to

clauses of
as, like, the way about someone's behaviour or do things the way I
manner
the way something is done. wanted to do them.

clauses of what a(an), how, such, so Exclamations are used to What horrible news!
exclamation express anger, fear, shock, How fast she types! You
surprise etc. They always lucky man!
 take an exclamation mark (!).
Tidak, aku tidak bisa melupakan malam ini
Atau wajah Anda saat Anda meninggalkan
Tapi kurasa itu hanya jalan
Cerita berlanjut
Anda selalu tersenyum, tapi di mata Anda
Kesedihan Anda menunjukkan
Ya itu menunjukkan
Tidak, aku tidak bisa melupakan besok
Ketika saya berpikir tentang semua kesedihan saya
Ketika saya di sana
Tapi kemudian aku membiarkan kau pergi
Dan sekarang ini hanya adil
Bahwa saya harus memberitahu Anda
Apa yang Anda harus tahu

Saya tidak bisa hidup

Jika hidup tanpa Anda
Saya tidak bisa hidup
Saya tidak bisa memberikan lagi
Saya tidak bisa hidup
Jika hidup tanpa Anda
Saya tidak bisa memberikan
Saya tidak bisa memberikan lagi

Yah aku tidak bisa melupakan malam ini

Atau wajah Anda saat Anda meninggalkan
Tapi kurasa itu hanya jalan
Cerita berlanjut
Anda selalu tersenyum, tapi di mata Anda
Kesedihan Anda menunjukkan
Ya itu menunjukkan

Saya tidak bisa hidup

Jika hidup tanpa Anda
Saya tidak bisa hidup
Saya tidak bisa memberi lagi
Saya tidak bisa hidup
Jika hidup tanpa Anda
Saya tidak bisa memberikan
Saya tidak bisa memberikan lagi