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For the current study, MR images were take of the brain structure of 16 study
participants two weeks before and after they took part in the 8-week
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Program at the University of
Massachusetts Center for Mindfulness. In addition to weekly meetings that
included practice of mindfulness meditation - which focuses on nonjudgmental
awareness of sensations, feelings and state of mind - participants received audio
recordings for guided meditation practice and were asked to keep track of how
much time they practiced each day. A set of MR brain images were also taken of
a control group of non-meditators over a similar time interval.
"It is fascinating to see the brain's plasticity and that, by practicing meditation,
we can play an active role in changing the brain and can increase our well-being
and quality of life." says Britta Hölzel, PhD, first author of the paper and a
research fellow at MGH and Giessen University in Germany. "Other studies in
different patient populations have shown that meditation can make significant
improvements in a variety of symptoms, and we are now investigating the
underlying mechanisms in the brain that facilitate this change."
Amishi Jha, PhD, a University of Miami neuroscientist who investigates
mindfulness-training's effects on individuals in high-stress situations, says,
"These results shed light on the mechanisms of action of mindfulness-based
training. They demonstrate that the first-person experience of stress can not only
be reduced with an 8-week mindfulness training programme but that this
experiential change corresponds with structural changes in the amydala, a
finding that opens doors to many possibilities for further research on MBSR's
potential to protect against stress-related disorders, such as post-traumatic
stress disorder." Jha was not one of the study investigators.
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The work could have clinical implications for treating disorders such as post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
The study involved training subjects in a spatial memory task to learn an object's
location in a grid. At the same time an odour was released - the idea being to
associate the memory with the smell.
One group then went to sleep, while the second group stayed awake.
After about 20 minutes, while the sleeping group's brain wave patterns were in
slow wave sleep (SWS), both groups were subjected to the same odour again to
reactivate the memory.
After another 20 minutes, the sleeping group were woken, and both groups were
given a similar task, but the objects were in different locations and without the
odour.
Half an hour later they were asked to recall the position of the cards from the
original task.
Rasch and colleagues found both groups were correct about 60 per cent of the
time without any odour assistance.
But once the odour was added to the test, the non-sleeping group were only
correct about 42 per cent of the time, compared to the sleeping group's 84 per
cent.
Source: ANI
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