INDUSTRIAL ELECTRIFICATION

INTRODUCTION

Light is the type of energy that produce the sensation of vision and it has become the
indispensable part of human life as all the activities of human beings ultimately depends upon
it. Artificial lighting becomes essential in the supplement of natural day light. Electricity is
playing an important role in everyday life. Because of its cleanliness, ease of control,
reliability, steady output and low cost, electricity is used for artificial lighting purpose. Apart
from its aesthetic and decorative aspects, good lighting has a strictly utilitarian value in
increasing production reducing workers and reducing accidents. The introduction of science
of illumination on engineering in therefore becoming a major important.

Lighting or illumination is the deliberate application of light to achieve some aesthetic or

practical effect. Lighting includes use of both artificial light sources such as lamps and
natural illumination of interiors from daylight. Day lighting (through windows, skylights,
etc.) is often used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings given its low cost.
Artificial lighting represents a major component of energy consumption, accounting for a
significant part of all energy consumed worldwide. Artificial lighting is most commonly
provided today by electric lights, but gas lighting, candles, or oil lamps were used in the past,
and still are used in certain situations. Proper lighting can enhance task performance or
aesthetics, while there can be energy wastage and adverse health effects of poorly designed
lighting. Indoor lighting is a form of fixture or furnishing, and a key part of interior design.
Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscaping.

Lighting fixtures come in a wide variety of styles for various functions. The most important
functions are as a holder for the light source, to provide directed light and to avoid visual
glare. Some are very plain and functional, while some are pieces of art in themselves. Nearly
any material can be used, so long as it can tolerate the excess heat and is in keeping with
safety codes.

An important property of light fixtures is the luminous efficacy or wall-plug efficiency,

meaning the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per used energy, usually
measured in lumen per watt. A fixture using replaceable light sources can also have its
efficiency quoted as the percentage of light passed from the "bulb" to the surroundings. The
more transparent the lighting fixture is, the higher efficacy. Shading the light will normally
decrease efficacy but increase the directionality and the visual comfort probability.

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BUILDING INTRODUCTION

The building is situated at the commercial zone of putalisadak, Kathmandu. The building is
commercial complex having four floors with underground basement parking.

The floors have been used for following purposes:

Basement:-parking

Ground floor: - departmental stores, shops

1st floor: - retail shops, store rooms

2ndfloor:-food stalls, office areas

All of the floors consist of stairs, corridors and reset rooms

FORMULA USED DURING CALCULATION

1. Calculation of Luminaries.

Where, E = Required illumination level (lux)

A = Area in which illumination is required.

= Lumen output of luminaries used.

= utilization factor

= maintenance factor

2. Selecting Area of conductor

3. Calculation for area of conductor:

Where A = Area of the conductor

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I = Current through the conductor

K = 0.02 for copper

SN SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
1. 1 X 40 FTL GE 3623 - 10487
2. 2 X 40 FTL GE 3623 - 10487
3 1 X 100 INCANDESCENT LAMP
4. 2 X 18 CFL LAMP
5. ONE WAY SWITCH
6. MCB OR MCCB
7. No. of Cupper Conductor of 3/22.
8. Power conductor
9. Main Distribution Board (MDB)
10. Sub Distribution Board (SDB)
11. 15 A Power Switch.
= 0.03 for aluminum

L = length of the conductor

Permissible voltage drop allowed = 2 %

LEGEND

LIGHTING SELECTION

a. Basement floor is provided with 50 lux of illumination.

b. Shops are designed on first, second and ground floor and provide with high
illumination of 500 lux for the fine visibility of attractive materials and objects and
also for the attraction of customers.

c. Offices are designed on third and fourth floor where the illuminations of 500 lux
fluorescent lamps are used.

d. Restaurants are designed on the top floor where the illuminations of 500 lux
fluorescent lamps are used.

e. And in corridor, lobby staircase and general toilets, fluorescent lamps are providing
with illumination of 150-100 lux.

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Luminaries used in different areas of the complex

S.N. Description Illumination Types of Flux(ø) Utilization Maintainance

required luminaries factor factor (µm)
E(lux) used (µu)
1 Corridor 50 50W FTL 2400 0.8 0.8

2 Staircase 100 50W FTL 2400 0.8 0.8

3 Rest room 150 36W CFL 3200 0.8 0.8

4 Parking 50 50 FTL 2400 0.8 0.8

5 Storage 100 50 FTL 2400 0.8 0.8

6 Shops 500 36 CFL 3200 0.8 0.8

7 Departmental 500 36 CFL 3200 0.8 0.8

stores

8 Office area 250 36 CFL 3200 0.8 0.8

9 Food stalls 500 36 CFL 3200 0.8 0.8

10 Dining area 400 36 CFL 3200 0.8 0.8

11 kitchen 500 36 CFL 3200 0.8 0.8

Symbolic representations

CFL:

FTL:

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DOUBLE FTL:

DOUBLE CFL:

TRIPLE CFL:

CALCULTATION OF No. OF LUMINARIES

BASEMENT FLOOR

SN Description Area E Types of N Remark

(m2) (lux) luminaries
1. Parking 994.56 50 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 37

2. Guard

3. Mechanical& 15.2 200 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 3

Electricity

4. Staircase 16.5 150 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 1.872

5. Ramp 32.5 150 40FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 2

Calculation of lighting load current

Wattage = no. of lamps * watt

1L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 17*40 = 680 W

2L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 13*40 = 520 W

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3L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 15 * 40 = 600 W

GROUND FLOOR

SN Description Area E Types of N Remark

(m2) (lux) luminaries
1. Departmental 124.64 350 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 32
store

2. Lobby 71.68 150 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 8

3. Retail shop 34.56 350 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 9

4. Staircase-1 16.5 150 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 2

5. Staircase-1 16.5 150 40FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 2

6. Staircase-1 40.02 150 40FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 4

7. Store

Calculation of lighting load current

Wattage = no. of lamps * watt

1L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 18*40 = 720 W

2L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 18*40 = 720 W

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3L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 15 * 40 = 600 W

4L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 18 * 40 = 720 W

5L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 14 * 40 = 560 W

FIRST FLOOR

SN Description Area E Types of N Remark

(m2) (lux) luminaries
1. Departmental 124.64 350 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 32
store-1

2. Departmental 145.92 350 40FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 38

store-2

3. Lobby 71.68 150 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 8

0
4. Retail shop 34.56 350 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 9

5. Staircase-1 16.5 150 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 2

6. Staircase-2 16.5 150 40FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 4

7. Toilet 16.64 150 40FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 5.3

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Calculation of lighting load current

Wattage = no. of lamps * watt

1L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 15*40 = 600 W

2L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 18*40 = 720 W

3L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 20*40 = 800 W

4L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = (9*40) +(5*40) +(5*40) = 760 W

5L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 18*40 = 720 W

6L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 14*40 = 560 W

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SECOND FLOOR

SN Description Area E Types of N Remark

(m2) (lux) luminaries
1. Party palace 184 350 2*40 W 4800 0.8 0.7 24

2. Game 46 350 2*40 W 4800 0.8 0.7 6

parlours

3. Restaurant 46 350 40 WFTL 2400 0.8 0.7 12

0
4. Retail shop-1 24 350 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 6

5. Staircase-1 40.02 150 40 FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 2

6. Staircase-2 16.5 150 40FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 4

7. Toilet 16.64 150 40FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 5

8. Kitchen 18 150 40FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 2

9. store 18 150 40FTL 2400 0.8 0.7 2

Calculation of lighting load current

Wattage = no. of lamps * watt

1L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 16*40 + 2*40 = 720 W

2L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 16*40 = 640 W

3L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 16*40 = 640 W

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 INDUSTRIAL ELECTRIFICATION

4L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 20*40 = 800 W

5L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 12*40 = 480 W

6L → Wattage = no. of lamps * watt = 13*40 = 520 W

Calculation of MCCB of sub-distribution Board

The rating of MCCB is calculated as

1. Basement Floor
No. of lighting lines = 3
No. of power socket = 1
Total power of light (PL) = 1800 W
Total wattage of power lines (PP)
Total power (PT) =PL + PP
=1800 + 2000 = 3800 W

We know,

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Nearest rating of MCCB is 10 A.

Hence, MCCB of 10 A is used and for backup 15 A is used.

2. Ground Floor
No. of lighting lines =5
No. of power socket = 14
Total power of light (PL) = 3320 W
Total wattage of power lines (PP)
Total power (PT) =PL + PP
=3320 + 2800 = 31320 W

We know,

Nearest rating of MCCB is 50 A.

Hence, MCCB of 50 A is used and for backup 60 A is used.

3. First Floor
No. of lighting lines = 6
No. of power socket = 15
Total power of light (PL) = 4160 W
Total wattage of power lines (PP)
Total power (PT) =PL + PP

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=4160 + 30000 = 34160 W

We know,

Nearest rating of MCCB is 50 A.

Hence, MCCB of 50 A is used and for backup 60 A is used.

4. Second Floor
No. of lighting lines = 6
No. of power socket = 12
Total power of light (PL) = 3800 W
Total wattage of power lines (PP)
Total power (PT) =PL + PP
=3800 + 24000 = 27800 W

We know,

Nearest rating of MCCB is 50 A.

Hence, MCCB of 50 A is used and for backup 60 A is used.

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CALCULATION OF AREA OF CONDUCTOR

For light circuit: PVC insulated copper conductor of area 1.3 mm (3/22) can carry up to 11 A
current safely.
For power sub Circuit: PVC insulated copper conductor of area 4 mm2.
For MDB to SDB: 3 and ½ core copper conductor.
Main DB is placed at Ground floor.

Leading from main DB to sub DB of various floors.

1. BASEMENT FLOOR

Where,
L = (3.3 + 2) = 5.3 m
K = 0.03 (for Al)
I = 10A
Permissible voltage drop = 2 % of 220 = 4.4 V
Hence, A 0.54 mm2
From table,
Nearest conductor size is 1.5 mm2 having the current carrying capacity of 14 A. Therefore the
cable of 1.5 mm2 is used.

2. GROUND FLOOR

Where,
L = 2m
K = 0.03
I = 50 A
Permissible voltage drop = 2 % of 220 = 4.4 V
Hence, A 1.022 mm2
From table,

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Nearest conductor size is 1.5 mm2 having the current carrying capacity of 14 A but the cable
cannot support 50 A current, hence the size of the conductor used is of 25 mm2 having
current carrying capacity 68 A.

3. FIRST FLOOR

Where,
L = (3.3+2) = 5.3m
K = 0.03
I = 50 A
Permissible voltage drop = 2 % of 220 = 4.4 V
Hence, A 2.71 mm2
From table,
Nearest conductor size is 4 mm2 having the current carrying capacity of 23 A but the
cable cannot support 50 A current, hence the size of the conductor used is of 25 mm2
having current carrying capacity 68 A.

4. SECOND FLOOR

Where,
L = 110 % of (2 X 3.3 + 2) = 9.46 m
K = 0.03
I = 50 A
Permissible voltage drop = 2 % of 220 = 4.4 V
Hence, A 4.837 mm2
From table,
Nearest conductor size is 6 mm2 having the current carrying capacity of 30 A but the
cable cannot support 50 A current, hence the size of the conductor used is of 25 mm2 having
current carrying capacity 68 A.

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TRANSFORMER SELECTION
Sum I=10+50+50+50=160 A
Current through the MDB = 120 A
Power = 3 V x I= 3 x 220 x 120 = 79 KVA
Hence, we select the transformer of 100 KVA
Transformer type: Three phase single unit.

CONCLUSION

The lighting design is completed for a commercial complex with considering all possible
factors to fulfil lightening necessity of the commercial complex. The complex is supplied by
100 KVA, 3 phase step down transformed to MDB placed inside the electrical room in the
ground floor. From MDB 3 phases is supplied to each SDB of each floor from where single
phase is supplied to each sub- circuit in each room. Care has been taken to balance the load in
each phase as far as possible.

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